摘要
美国是一个“一国多府”的国家。除了它的联邦政府外,还有八万多个各种各样的“地方”政府。但联邦政府和州政府的关系不是中央和地方的关系,它们是平行的。联邦政府并非在所有事情上都是最高的,联邦最高法院也并非在所有事情上都是终审法院,在许多事情上州是最后决策者、裁判者。州政府之下众多的市、镇、县和区都是平级的,而且市、镇、县之下一般也没有政府设置了。美国追求多样性的统一,尊重地方的相对独立性,不轻易改变地方政府的现状。美国政府的机构设置十分简单,一般政府只有很少几个部门。许多市、镇、县、区的政府工作人员大都是兼职的,基本上没有工资。美国的地方政府制度对我国政府机构改革有值得研究借鉴的地方。
The USA is a country with multiple governments.In addition to the federal govern-ment,there are over80,000different kinds of'local'governments.However the relationship be-tween the federal and state governments is not central-local relation.They are parallel governments.The federal government is not necessarily the supreme institution in every matter.The Federal Supreme Court is not the court of final appeal in all cases.In many issues the state is the final decision-maker and arbitrator.Cities,countries,towns and districts under the state are also equal in administra tive ranking.There is no government institution under cities,countries and towns.And the work of officers at cities,countries and towns are mostly part-time based,even without salary.Moreover the structure of a government in the US is very simple.Usually there are only a few de-partments.This indicates that the USA pursues uniformity with diversity and respects the relative independence of localities.The local government system in the US is relevant for China when con-ducting governmental institutional reform.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2002年第4期93-95,共3页
Political Science and Law
