摘要
我国乡镇企业总数现已达1515万家，从业人员达9200万人，其中接触粉尘人员约占16％，特别是石英厂、石棉厂、水泥厂、玻璃厂、陶瓷厂粉尘危害较为严重。而防尘措施流于一般化，已有的措施多不能结合生产特点，或其系统设计和设备选用缺乏经济与效益的综合考虑，不能实现优化。通用的设计资料已不能与当前新兴的乡镇盘业发展和特点相适应。
Rural industries have been expanding ra-pidly in recent years. They played an impor-tant role in bring the prosperity to rural eco-nomy, But most of them are lack of the necess-ary industrial ventilation facilities, large amo-unt of dust are generated in the processes andexpanded out into the surrounding environm-ent. The indoor and outdoor air pollution bydusts have brought about hazardous effects onhuman health and the environment. In orderto solve these problems, we carried out a studyon appropriate industrial techniques for contr-olling the dusts from various processes in SJ alcement, asbestose, ceramic, quartz powder,glass, brick and tile factories. Emphases were put on the effective ex-haust hood designs and the appropriate dustcollectors to be selected for different processes. 1. A manual of industrial ventilation dr-awings for controlling dusts was campiled, wh-ich gathered up a lot of effective designs usedsuccessfully in small factories, and many newdesigns were put forward to meet different re-quirements. The main points of the manualconsists of: the local ventilation systems andexhaust hood designs for the crushing,grindingmill, drying, shaft kiln and packing processesin cement factory; the crushiing, roll mill,carding, packiing, spinning and weaviing pro-cesses in asbestoes factory; the crushing, rollmill, soiving, mixing, packing, moulding pre-ssing, jiggering and glaze spraying processesin ceramic, quartz powder and glass factories, 2. Because the conditions and dusts fromexhaust ventilation systems differ from each o-ther, different types of dust collectors and theircombinations must be silected to meet the spe-cific requirements. Comprehensive surveys tomeasure the specific characters of dusts andthe dust laden air were carried out, which con-siste of the dust particle size distributions,dust concentrations dust physical properties,gastemperature, dew point etc. Based on the re-sults obtained in these surveys, the specificfeatures of different dust collectors (particle sizefractional size collection efficiencies, pressuredrop, etc.) the experiences of air pollutioncontrol in small factories and taking the econo-mical and management situations into consider-ation, the appropriate dust collectors and theiralternatives to be used for main processes inthe above small factories were discussed andrecommended. 3. In order to pick out the best availableventilation designs from the selected alternati-ves, a comprehensive evaluation method wasput forward. Using this method, the effects ofthe countable and uncountable economicalfeature factors, effectiveness feature factors andmanagement feature factors were convertedquantitively to a resultant effectiveness value (REV). The one with the largest REV wasconsidered as the best among those alternativesfor a certain process of a factory. The alter-native ventilation designs used for the mainprocesses in the above small factories were in-vestigated.
出处
《中国工业医学杂志》
CAS
1991年第2期39-41,共3页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine
