摘要
本文首次对城市特殊环境与居民环境鼠类生态作了比较研究。结果发现,物种构成、鼠类群落多样性和均匀度因地区、环境不同而异,但褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)、小家鼠(Mus musculus)是共同的优势种。鼠密度总体水平在两种环境的差异亦因地区不同而异,如吉林省和内蒙包头市的特殊环境鼠密度显著低于居民环境(P<0.001),湖北省则相反(P<0.001);吉林省特殊环境与居民环境鼠密度基本呈同步起伏,湖北省两者很不相同。不同鼠种在不同地区、环境的密度水平及时间变动曲线也不一致。吉林省特殊环境与居民环境的褐家鼠密度水平相近,基本呈同步起伏;湖北省特殊环境显著高于居民环境,二者时间变动曲线很不相同。吉林省居民环境小家鼠密度显著高于特殊环境(P<0.001),二者基本呈同步起伏;湖北省恰恰相反。两省特殊环境的褐家鼠、小家鼠密度变异性均比居民环境大。褐家鼠、小家鼠性比在不同地区各异,总体上雌性比越高则鼠密度水平越高,小家鼠雌性比与密度总体上呈显著正相关(r=0.563,P<0.05),而褐家鼠无显著相关性。本文还报道了包头市特殊环境鼠类分类调查等结果。特殊环境建筑面积与居民环境比为1∶13;居民环境鼠类分布特点:凉房鼠密度为住房的11倍。
The species composition, heterageneity and equitability of rodent population varied from districts and in their dwelling, but Rattus norvegicus (R.n.) and Mus musculus (M.m.) were always the dominant species in urban. The difference between the densities of rodents in the two environments varied from district to district, In Jilin Province and Inner Mongolia, the densities of rodents in some special environment (SE), such as grain shop, grain, depot and food shop, etc, were significantly lower than than those in residential quarter environment(RE), (P<0.001). However, it was quite the contrary in Hubei Provinve(P<0.001). In Jilin Province, the densities of the rodents in the two environments were basically of synchro-undulation but in Hubei Province it was quite different The density of one species and its fluctuation curves were different between districts and environments. In Jilin Province the density of R.n. in SE was similar to that in RE; with synchro-undulation basically, lu Hubei Province, the density of R.n. in SE was significantly higher, than that in RE and their fluctuation surves were quite differnt. In Jilin Province the density of M.m. in SE was significantly lower than that in RE with synchro-undulation basically, but it was contrary in Hubai province. The variabilities of densities of R.n. or M.m. ia SE were greater than thase in RE in the Province. The sex ratio of R.n. or M.m. varied with districts. Totally, the higher, the female ratio, the higher the density of rodents it was. The density or M.m. show positive correlation with its female ratio(r=0.563, P<0.05). There was no obvious relation to R.n. The classified investigation in SE in Baotou City and other investigations were also reported. The building area of RE was thirteen limes as large as that in SE. The density of rodent in store room was eleven times as big as that in living room.
出处
《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》
CAS
CSCD
1993年第4期259-266,共8页
Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control
关键词
特殊环境
居民环境
鼠科
生态
Special environment(SE) Residential quarter environment(RE) Rodent Ecology Rottus norvegicus(Rn.) Mus musculus(Mm.)
