摘要
通过普通小麦(AABBDD 2n=42)与滨麦(JJNN 2n=28)杂种幼胚培养,获得F_17株(ABDJN 2n=35)。用秋水仙碱处理分蘖节后,再用普通小麦回交得到11粒种子。幼胚培养后得到BC_1F_17株(AABBDDJN 2n=56)。经过连续自交选育至BC_1F_0代,获得3种穗型的八倍体小滨麦(AABBDDJJ或AABBDDNN)。根尖细胞染色体数目为52—56。花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ,2n=28Ⅱ的细胞占45.38—48.89%,染色体构型为1.69Ⅰ+27.07Ⅱ+0.06Ⅲ。株高89—105厘米;穗长13—16厘米;小花数96—108个;籽粒红色、大粒、不饱满,千粒重44.5—51克;自交和天然结实率分别为27.70—54.58%,49.48—58.63%;成熟期偏晚;耐寒耐旱;抗条锈、秆锈、叶锈、赤霉和白粉病。
Seven Ft plants (ABDJN 2n = 35) were obtained through the culture of immature hybrid embryos from T. aestivum (AABBDD 2n = 42) crossed with L. mollis (JJNN 2n = 28). Treatment of tillering nodes of F1 plants with colchicine and backcrossing to T. aestivum produced 11 seeds. After the culture of immature embryos, 7 BC1 F1 plants (AABBDDJN 2n = 56) were obtained. Three spike shapes of octoploid Tritileymus (AABBDDJJ or AABBDDNN 2n= 56) were obtained after continuous self-cross selective breeding until BCiF? Root tip chromosome numbers of BC1F5 plants were 52-56. In the meiosis of PMC at MI, the percentage of cells of 2n = 28Ⅱ was 45.38-48.89%. The chromosome configuration was 1.69Ⅰ + 27.07Ⅱ+ 0.06Ⅲ. Plant height was 89-105cm, spike length 13-16 cm, and the number of florets 96-108. Grains were red and big but starved, Thousand-grain weight was 44.5-51 g. selfing and natural seed setting rate were 27.70-54.58% and 49.48-58.63% respectively. They had relatively late maturing stage with cold and drought tolerance, and resistance to stripe rust, stem rust, leaf rust, scab and to powdery mildew.
基金
国家自然科学基金
关键词
滨麦
八倍体
小麦
细胞
遗传学
Triticum aestivum, Levmus mollis, Octoploid Tritileymus, Immature embryo culture, Self-cross selective breeding
