摘要
目的:研究不同年龄阶段小儿眶上裂(superior orbital fissure,SOF)的发育特征及其解剖特点。方法:福尔马林灌注的小儿尸头25具,无畸形足月死婴、1、3、7、12岁各5具。一侧观察SOF骨性结构;另一侧研究SOF区内容、血管神经分布及其邻近结构。结果:小儿SOF随年龄的增长,形状由等腰三角形向锐角三角形演变。SOF最外侧至眶颧缝的距离足月死婴为17.0 mm,1岁为20.0 mm,3岁时24.0 mm.7岁26.2 mm,12岁31.0 mm。动眼神经在SOF硬膜一骨膜延续处分叉,其夹角随发育逐渐变大。额神经在3岁以前与滑车神经在眼外肌总环腱(zinn环)处不易分开。3岁以前泪腺神经紧靠额神经。鼻睫神经在3岁以前与展神经分离困难。结论:小儿SOF骨性结构、神经分布及其邻近关系随年龄的增长发生变化。
Objective: To investigate the anatomic structure and developing features of the SOF in Chinese children and try to find the best surgical approach to this region. Methods: Twenty-five heads of Chinese infant cadaver with well formalin fixation were divided into 5 groups aging from newborns,1,3,7 to 12 year-old. Each group includes 5 cadaver heads. The bone structure was observed in one side of the SOF. On the other side, the contents, the nerve and vessels distribution and the adjacent structures of SOF were studied. Results: The shape of SOF changed from isosceles triangle in the stage of newborn to acute triangle by the stage of 7 years. The mean distance from the lateral end of the SOF to the frontozygomatic suture was 17.0 mm, 20.0 mm, 24.0 mm, 26.2 mm and 31.0 mm on the right in new borns, 1 year-old infants, 3 year-old infants, 7 year-old and 12 year-old children respectively. The third cranium nerve traverseed through the cavernous sinus, and diversified at the extent of the dura membrane and bone membrane. The included angle was becoming larger as it matures. The frontal nerve was hard to part from the Zinn before aged 3. Lacrimal nerve was adjacent to the frontal nerve before aged 3. The nasociliary nerve was adjacent to the sixth nerve before aged 3. Conclusions: The bone structure, nerve distribution and neighborhood relation of the SOF changes with aging in Chinese children.
出处
《中国临床解剖学杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第6期621-623,共3页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy
关键词
小儿
眶上裂
发育特征
显微解剖
children
superior orbital fissure
developing feature
microsurgical anatomy
