摘要
黑死病后的14世纪下半叶至15世纪,英国经历了一场明显的长期农业危机:人口锐减,增长停滞不前;农业单位面积产量不升反降;土地退化,耕地面积缩减;农产品价格下降。虽封建领主的剥削量有明显的减少,但封建国家却加重了对农民的赋税。在瘟疫的频繁打击下,农民的生活态度也发生了很大的变化,经济动力日渐消失。此外,中世纪晚期的英国天灾人祸频频发生,饥荒、瘟疫和战争等突发事件,使农业生产和人民的生活条件雪上加霜。总的看来,这一时期英国农民的生活虽没有恶化,但长期不见好转,依然贫困。
In the late 14th and 15th century, Britain experienced an obviously long-term agricultural crisis. The population decreased sharply with little possibility for increase; the agricultural unit area yield declined; the land deteriorated, the farmland area shrank; the price of agricultural produce went down. Although the exploitation of the feudal lords obviously decreased, the feudal nation aggravated the tax of the farmer. During this period the living manner of the farmer also changed greatly with the economic motive disappeared gradually. In addition, war, famine and epidemic disease made the peasant economy and standards of living worse. In a word, during this period, the life of British farmers remained poor as before, neither getting worse, nor turning for the better either over a long period of time.
出处
《长沙理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
2004年第3期68-72,共5页
Journal of Changsha University of Science and Technology：Social Science
