摘要
山核桃Carya cathayensis Sarg.是我国特有的一种名贵干果和木本油料树种,浙江省临安县是山核桃重点产区,有面积约1.27ha,大年产5000-6000t,产值5000多万元。但由于管理粗放,加上花期常遇低温多雨天气,座果率普遍很低。大小年极明显,据对临安县14年产量统计,年变异系数达53.3-92.2％。为了提高座果率和现有林产量,近年来我们在产区进行了人工辅助授粉、施肥、外源激素应用以及农业技术措施以提高座果率的试验研究,取得良好效果。
Cathay hickory has more flowers, but less fruit, a lower fruit set percentage, which is one of the problems in its production. Its female flowers have a long flowering period and a habit of waiting for pollination. A 4-year trialshows that its fruit set percentage might be increased by 40% or so by assist-ant pollination. With exroot nutrition, applying 0.3%B+0.3% urea and 0.3%B+0.3% P or K the fruit set percentage could be increased on an average by32.4% and 31.3% respectively compared with the contral. Chemicals and ex-ogenous hormones which have remarkable and stable effect on fruit setpercentage during the flowering period are 0.02% CuSO_4 sprayed and 0.1-0.2% CuSO_4 brushed on the trunk, which increase the fruit set percentage by30.1-126.8% and 24.2-26.2% respectively compared with the control. Spra-ying 0.01-1.00ppm TRIA during the flowering and young fruit period andbrushing 10ppm TRIA on the trunk, the fruit set percentage could be increa-sed by 8.7-16. 3% and 50% or so respectively. Brushin 5ppm NAA on the trunk and spraying 40ppm IAA during the flowering period could increase the fruit set percentage by 34. 8% and 42.2% respectively. The fruit sets of suchtrees which are in poor physiological status, could be increased by some agri-cultural measures, such as root-breaking, bark-cutting, girdling and stickingthe bark reversely, and so on, in an average of 29.4%, 32.1% and 36.7%respectively.
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1993年第4期360-365,共6页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
关键词
山核桃
保花
保果
施肥
Cathay hickory
Flower and fruit protection
Fruit set percentage
Agricultural measures
