摘要
果园套种平托花生具有良好的水土保持作用,连续4年定位测定表明,套种平托花生的果园发生地表径流38次,径流总量61t/hm2,无泥沙流失;而对照处理发生地表径流178次,径流总量2482 4t/hm2,流失泥沙42 26t/hm2。平托花生还有改善土壤理化性状的作用,果园套种平托花生3年后,0～20cm的土壤容重为0 98g/cm3,土壤空隙度25 73%,土壤含水量22 5%;而对照分别为1 06g/cm3,18 6%,21 5%。套种平托花生3年后土壤pH值从5 12提高到6 25,酸性改善;有机质从15 26g/kg提高为19 30g/kg;全氮从0 79g/kg提高到1 04g/kg;全磷从0 25g/kg提高为0 30g/kg;但全钾从23 23g/kg下降到19 64g/kg。平托花生营养丰富、适口性好。以平托花生喂养肉兔,平均日增重为21 67g,高于饲喂野生杂草(10 73g)。平托花生以扦插繁殖为主,采用10cm×10cm的扦插距离,在山地(有机质5g/kg)30天后覆盖度达到49%,45天达到87%,60天达到91%;而园地(有机质15g/kg)30天就可以达到80%。采用20cm×20cm的扦插距离,山地需75天达到80%的覆盖,园地75天达到89%。
Arachis pinto cv. Amarillo is leguminous forage which first introduced from Australia into China through an ACIAR Project in 1989. A. pinto is a perennial, crawl herb plant with characters of shallow root system, long bloom duration, large amount of branch and rooting. Merits of acid, barren and drought tolerance, it has been widely cultivated in red-soil regions in China, especially intercropping in the orchard areas. According to a continuous four-year in situdetermination, 38 times with 61 t/hm^2 total runoff amount were observed in the orchard area where intercropped A. pinto, whereas 178 times with 2 482.4 t/hm^2 total runoff amount and soil losing 42.26 t/ hm^2 in CK orchard. Intercropping A. pinto also improves soil physical and chemical character. After 3-years intercropped, orchard soil bulk density in 0～20cm was 0.98 g/cm^3, soil porosity was 25.73%, water content was 22.5%; whereas in CK was 1.06 g/cm^3, 18.6%and 21.5% respectively. Soil pH increased from 5.12 to 6.25, soil organic matter from 15.26 g/kg to 19.30 g/kg, total N from 0.79 g/kg to 1.4 g/kg, total P from 0.25 g/kg to 0.30 g/kg. A. pinto is rich in nutrition and good palatability. Feeding A. pinto to rabbits gets averaged 21.67 g/d weight increase which was higher than the treatment of feeding weeds (10.73 g/d).In the south subtropical area of China, the plants of A. pinto maintain year-round ever-green and bloom. Owing to high sightseeing value it gradually becomes an ornamental turfgrass. However, A. pinto yields less seeds in China, its multiplication is mainly throughout the asexual propagation. When spacing distance was 10 cm×10 cm, the grass coverage reached 49% on the hill area (barren soil content 5 g/kg organic matter) after planting for 30d, 87% for 45d, 91% for 60d; whereas on garden area (fertile soil content 15 g/kg organic matter), coverage reached 80% for 30d.The further international cooperation is needed to promote the popularization of A. pinto cultivation in China.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第6期30-33,共4页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
福建省计委专项
福建省重点科技项目(2001Z078)
关键词
平托花生
红壤果园
水土保持
综合利用
Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo
soil and water conservation
red soil region
orchard
soil fertility
