摘要
尽管"行"的名称在隋唐时期早已有之,但其含义只是行业,而不是行会。行会的各种职能在宋代以前完全由政府一手包办,行会根本没有存在的前提和基础。坊市制度的破坏是行会产生的必要前提。宋代城市工商业行业、从业人员的骤增,使得政府已不可能直接干预和监督商品的生产与流通,为了便于管理,有必要让工商业者按照其所属行业组织起来;工商业者为了应付官府的科索,祗应官差,保护本行业同行的利益以及保证商业信誉和保证市场等,也需要组织起来。这双方面的需求,促成了宋代行会的产生和发展。
The name of 'shop' had existed earlier before Sui dynasty and Song dynasty and it did not refer to guild system but trades. Government controlled guild system before Song dynasty, and made it impossible for guild system to exist. Destruction of the system of residential markets is the prerequisite for guild system to exist. The abrupt increase of businessmen and industry and commerce trades in Song dynasty made it impossible for the government to intervene and supervise the production and circulation of commodity. In order to make it convenient to govern the businessmen, it is necessary to organize them in accordance with their own trades; and it is also necessary for them to unite together so as to cope with the official demands and assignments and protect interests of the same trade, its commercial credit and its markets. These requirements help to bring about the emergence and development of guild system in Song dynasty.
出处
《德州学院学报》
2004年第5期37-40,共4页
Journal of Dezhou University
