摘要
目的 评估洞庭湖区不同涵闸防螺工程的运转状况及防螺效果。方法 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年对洞庭湖区全封堵法、栏网法、沉螺池法和接长降低进水管法 4种类型 85座改建的涵闸防螺工程进行现场勘察 ,询问当地血防站近年来对被改建涵闸相关的垸内沟渠查螺情况。并对 2种类型 14座涵闸进行实地通水试验检测 ,每闸在通水运行中投放一定数量的染色钉螺 ,在工程后用 4 0孔 / 2 5 .4 mm的锥形套网回收。结果 现场勘察全封堵法除 1处外均已达到封严、封实 ,垸内排涝、抗旱水利设施调剂到位、垸内灭螺措施已到位的要求。栏网法均因网具保管维护难度大 ,后期管理不到位而失败。改建的 85座涵闸防螺工程 ,通过 4～ 10年的运行 ,到 2 0 0 3年被判断为有效的 6 7处 ,占改建工程的78.8%。通水试验的接长降低进水管法的 8座试验涵闸中 ,每闸运行 2 2～ 2 8h,每闸投放染色螺2 0 0 0只 ,工程后套网回收螺数为 0。沉螺池法的 6座试验涵闸中每闸运行 2 4～ 2 8h,每闸投放染色螺 2 0 0 0只 ,工程后套网回收螺数为 0。结论 洞庭湖区涵闸防螺改造工程中所采用的全封堵法、接长降低进水管法、沉螺池法均可达到防止钉螺扩散的效果。而栏网法因后期管理、维护难度大而不宜应用。
Objective To evaluate the fun ct ioning status and the effects of snail control in the different kinds of sluices in Dongting Lake regions. Methods Field invest igation was conducted for 85 modified sluices which aimed to preventing snails f rom spreading from 2000 to 2001 in Dongting Lake regions. The survey was used fo r the collection of data in terms of snails' situation in the irrigation canals and ditches inside the embankments where those modified sluices served as the in tervention of schistosomiasis control. The field trials of 85 sluices in 4 kinds (the abandoned, the equipped with lengtlened and lowered underwater pipes, the affiliated by snails retention tanks and the equipped with nets). were carried out to observe their effects of filtering snails, during which a g iven number of snails were cast in the front of the projects and recollected in the rear of the ones by means of the nets framed 40 holes per 25.4 mm.Results Eight sluices with the lengthened an d lowered underwater pipes were on trial for 22-28 hours and during which 2000 dyed snails was cast, yet no snails were detected in the rear. In 10 abandoned s luices, 9 were firmly sealed according to their design, and their functions of d rainage and irrigation inside embankment were replaced by other water conservanc y facilities. Up to 2003, 67 of 85 modified sluices have shown an effect on tra pping snails after 4-10 years of the running, and its effective rate arr ived at 78.8%. Conclusion Three kinds of sluices, i .e. the abandoned, the equipped with the lengthened and lowered underwater pipes , and the affiliated by snails retention tanks, show the capacity of trapping sn ail s, yet the one equipped with nets was unsuitable for application because of its difficulties in the long term maintenance. [
出处
《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2004年第5期330-333,共4页
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control
基金
世界银行贷款中国血吸虫病控制项目 ( 11-5 )
湖南省科委重点项目 ( 90 -2 3 -0 0 1)
关键词
涵闸
防螺工程
沉螺池
进水管
Sluices
Projects preventing snails from spreading
Snails retention tanks
Entering water pipes
