摘要
从贵州独山早石炭世上司组海参化石的发现,进一步讨论海参集合体的特点及其意义,海参化石组合特征,并与国内外石炭系海参进行对比,同时描述了上司组海参化石8属12种,包括5新种.
Abundant Holothurian sclerites described in this paper were collected from the Shangsi Formation of the Tatang Stage. (upper part of the lower Carboniferous) in Dushan, Guizhou, with 8 genera and 13 species (Table I), including 5 new species, namely, Theelia sinensis; Thuroholia dushanensis; Thuroholia symmetrica; Eocaudina guizhouensis and Paraeocaudina circularis. Among them, Microantyx botoni was reported from the Rockford Limestone (Lower Mississippian) in Indiana, the Kinderhookian (Lower Mississippian) in Montana and Missouri of America, the Shaodon Formation (lower part of the Aikuan Stage), the Mengkungao Formation (middle part of the Aikuan Stage), the Shihtengtze Formation (lower part of the Tatang stage) in Huan and the Tai- yuan Formation (Upper Carboniferous) in Henan of China; Achistrum ludwigi from the Rockford Limestone in Indiana, the Kendrick Shale (lower Pennsylvanian) in Kentucky of America and the Shaodong Formation in Hunan of China. Thuroholia marginata and T. mccormacki from the Lowet Carboniferous of Amerlca, the Shaodong Formation in Hunan and the Taiyuan Formation in Henan of China; Thuroholia regularis from the Aikuan Stage(lower part of Lower Carboniferous) in Hunan; Eocaudina mccormacki from the Kind rhookian of Montana and Missouri of America and the Taiyuan Formation in Henan of China, while individual Theelia sinensis was collected for the first time from the Shangsi Formation of Duhan, Guizhou, and Theelia from the Kendrick Shale in Kentucky of America. According to the faunal characteristics, the Shangsi Formation might belong to the Visean Stage of Early Carboniferous. Description of new species Family Calclamnidae Frizzell et Exline, 1956 Genus Eocaudina Martin, 1952 Eocaudina guizhouensis sp. nov. (Pl. I, fig. 26) Sclerites in the form of a perforate plate, with cross seaion flat, commonly subcircular in outline. Holothurian discs with a single central perforation, an intermediate ring of 6 perforations, an outer ring of approximately 14-15 perforations and surrounded by a border of markedly small perforations; perforations generally subcircular to oval. Periphery generally smooth, with a single peripheral small convex lip including some infinitely small perforations. Measurements of the holotype: long axis 0.68 mm; short axis 0.65 mm; maximum diameter of perforation 0.10 mm. Comparison: Eocaudina guizhouensis dif ers from other species of Eocaudina in the single peripheral convex lip with some infinitely small perforations. Genus Thurololia Gutsehick, 1954 Thuroholia symmetrica sp. nov. (Pl. I, figs. 14-16; Pl. II, figs. 5-7, 11, 12, 16, 17) Sclerite in the form of thin, flat, perforate plate, subround to oval in outline; central part large, with 6 central big perforations arranged in subequilateral triangle; an intermediate ring of approximately 14-16 perforations and surrounded by a border of markedly small perforatlons; big perforations generally oval to subcircular; periphery smooth, with single peripheral small convex lip including some infinitely small perforations. Measurements of holotype: long axis 0.79 mm; short axis 0.65 mm; maximum diameter of perforation 0.10 mm. Comparison: Thuroholia symmetrica diff rs from other specaes of Thuroholia in the 6 large central perforations arranged in subequilateral triangle and small peripheral convex lip with some infinicely small perforations. Thuroholia dushanensis sp. nov. (Pl. I, figs. 17-19; Pl. II, figs. 13, 15) Sclerite in the form of thin, flat, perforate plae, oval to elliptical in outline; central perforations approximately 11 in number, equal-sized, oval to circular in shape, regularly arranged; peripheral perforations with one to two rings, markedly smaller than central ones. Periphery generally smooth, with single peripheral small convex lip including some infinitely small perforations. Measurements of holotype: long axis 0.86 mm; short axis 0.68 mm; maximum diameter of perforation 0.15 mm. Comparison: The new species is similar to Thuroholia symmetrica in the single small peripheral convex lip with some infinitely small perforations, but the latter can be easily distinguished by the 6 large central perforations arranged in subequilateral triangle. Genus Paraeocaudina Zhang, 1985 Paraeocaudina circularis sp. nov. (Pl. I, figs. 24, 25; Pl. II, fig. 8) Sclerite in the form of thin, flat, perforate plate; oblong to subround in outline. Holothurian discs with 4 central subround holes; an intermediate ring of approximately 11 equilateral perforations and an outer ring of smaller perforations than cell ral ones. Periphery generally smooth to slightly concave. Measurements of holotype: long axis 0.62 mm; short axis 0.60mm; maximum diameter of perforation 0.10 mm. Comparison: The new species is similar to Paraeocaudina minularis, but can be easily distinguished by its subcircular central perforations. Family Theeliidae Frizzell et Exline. 1956 Genus Theelia Schlumberger, 1891 Theelia sinensis sp. nov. (Pl. I, figs. 7, 8) Sclerite in the form of a nine-spoked wheel, small, generally circular in outline. Spoke wide, straight-sided, merging toward center of wheel to form a solid area covering half the total dianaeter; each spoke curving rather sharply upward toward the rim; interspoke space triangular, with outer edge slightly curved. At central juncture or hub, central area proper slightly depressed. No denticulation observed along either rim or spoke surface. Measurements of holotype: diameter of wheel 0.24 mm; diameter of spoke 0.02 mm. Comparison: Theelia sinensis is similar to Theelia corbula Zankl from upper Trias in Germany, but differs in the smaller size, and the Wde spoke merging toward the center of wheel to form a solid area covering half the total diameter.
出处
《古生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1993年第1期105-114,149-150,共10页
Acta Palaeontologica Sinica
关键词
早石炭世
海参纲
Holothuroidea, Early Carboniferous, Guizhou
