摘要
哺乳动物X染色体连锁基因的剂量平衡,是通过雌性胚胎发育早期随机或印记失活一条X染色体来实现的,这是一个复杂的过程,包括:启动、计数、选择、维持等一系列的步骤。X染色体失活中心是X染色体失活的主控开关座位,调节X失活的早期事件,失活发生后,X染色体的失活状态可稳定地存在并传递给后代,这一过程涉及基因组印记的形成。此外,在雄性动物,精原细胞减数分裂早期也存在着短暂的X染色体失活现象。现对哺乳动物X染色体失活机制的最新进展进行综述。
In mammals, equal dosage of X-linked genes between the sexes is achieved by X chromosome inactivation in a random or imprinted manner in early embryonic development of females. It is a complex process including initiation, counting, choice and maintenance. X inactivation center is the master control locus of the X chromosome inactivation and regulates the early events of X inactivation. Once the X inactivation happened the inactivation state can be stably delivered to generations. This involves genome imprinted. In addition, in males, the X chromosome is inactivated together with Y chromosome in spermatogenic cells shortly before or during early meiotic prophase. This article reviews the recent advances in X chromosome inactivation in mammalian.
出处
《细胞生物学杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第4期389-393,共5页
Chinese Journal of Cell Biology
关键词
哺乳动物
X染色体
基因组印记
减数分裂性染色体失活
X chromosome inactivation
X inactivation center
genomic imprinting
meiotic sex chromosome inactivation
