摘要
亲本创新对扩大栽培甘蔗遗传基础及选育突破性的新品种具有重大意义。我国海南甘蔗育种场自1953年建场起就开展甘蔗亲本创新和利用的研究,50多年来,在热带种、割手密、大茎野生种和近缘属植物斑茅利用方面取得了可喜的成就。我国近年来使用的293份常用亲本中,220份为自育品种(品系),约占75%,其中广州甘蔗糖业研究所及其下属场选育的材料约占自育亲本材料的56%。海南甘蔗育种场通过"高贵化"育种途径,利用大茎野生种和当地割手密选育出导入新的野生种血缘的崖城73-226、崖城58-43、崖城58-47和崖城82-108等创新材料。至今,我国自育品种中至少有17个品种含有当地割手密的血缘,1个品种为大茎野生种的后代。在斑茅利用方面,海南甘蔗育种场于2001年获得了一批斑茅蔗BC1真杂种,并于2003年育成一批BC2后代。
Breeding of new parental materials is vitally important for broadening genetic basis of modern cultivated sugarcane and breeding of outstanding new varieties. Hainan Sugarcane Breeding Station (HSBS) commenced creation and utilization of new sugarcane parents since its establishment in 1953, and fruitful results have been achieved in exploitation of S. officinarum, S. robustum and S. spontaneum , as well as E. arundinaceus (a wild relative plant) over the past 50 years. Analysis on the 293 parental materials commonly used in recent years showed that 220 of them were home-bred clones (75%), of which 56% were produced by Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute. HSBS succeeded in breeding and utilization of new parents such as YC73-226, YC58-43, YC58-47 and YC82-108 through introgression breeding with S. robustum and native S. spontaneum, resulting in release of 17 commercial varieties of local S. spontaneum derivation, and 1 cultivar S. robustum derivation in China's Mainland. HSBS obtained genuine BC1 progeny derived from E. arundinaceus in 2001, and produced a batch of BC2 hybrids from the subsequent backcross in 2003.
关键词
甘蔗
亲本创新
开发利用
野生甘蔗
斑茅
sugarcane
breeding of new parents
wild sugarcanes
E. arundinaceus
