摘要
江苏省里下河地区是一个洪、涝、旱、渍和虫灾五害频繁出现的贫困地区。70年代末,当地林场利用挖沟筑垛,垛田造林,林下种粮菜,河沟养鱼,实行林,农、牧结合经营,形成具有良性循环的人工林复合生态经济系统。它主要包括五种经营:林—农复合经营型、林—渔复合经营型、林—水生作物—渔复合经营型、林—渔—牧复合经营型和林—食用菌复合经营型。人工林复合生态经济系统原理和生态、经济效益可分为:①筑堤造圩田改变了土体构形,加深了耕作层;②改变了四周小气候,提高了光能利用率;③多层次和多时序的立体种植提高了产量;④促进了系统中的能量和养分的转化及物质循环;⑤降低了土壤养分的消耗和控制病虫害;⑥森林改善了生态环境;⑦提高了经济收入,增加了就业机会。
The present paper deals with a transformation of a backward district into a properous one. The district is geographically located in Lixiahe region, Jiangsu province. The region had long been known as one of the poorest area in China, and had been alternatively attacked by flood, drought, salinization and plague of insect. The region is composed of pan-shaped lowlands with poor drainage condition, and surrounded by several small lakes and swamps. The lowland is often called shoaly land.
Since the seventies of this century effons to open up trenches on lowland and to level up the shoaly land have been made. A kind of ir:e, which is tolerable to high watertable, was used to afforest the land. As there are trees, transpiration has been increased, and the watertable has been lowered down continuously. Cereal crop, vegetable, and beans are grown. In some cases, the shoaly land is used for sheep grazing and fishery. A favorable combination of forestry, agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery has been set up in the region-
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1. There are five types of managements in the system: i) Forest桝griculture complex management. After afforestation on the shoaly land with low watertable, crop and vegetable are inter grown with the trees. Rice is grown on the shoaly land with high watertables. The trenchesare used for fishery; 2) Forest桭ishing complex management- On the shoaly land with very high watertables, trenches are deeply dug in the field. Crop and vegetable are intergrov.-n with trees. Deep trench is very good for breeding large fishes; 3) Forest梂ater plant桭ishery complex management. A comparatively wider earth dyke is built between shoaly lands with very high watertables. Plants on the earth dyke are trees. Lous root and arrowhead are grown on shallow land Crop and vegetable are intergrown with the trees. In the trenches lotus root and arrowhead are grown. The trenches are also used for fishery; 4) Forest桭ishery桝nimal husbandry complex management. Under this type of m nagement, the canopy will soon be closed. The land use has the same pattern like that in the F rest梂ater plant桭ishery complex management. However, its afforestation is in shoaly la d, not on the earth dyke; 5) Forest-edible mushroom complex management. When there are dense trees, the land will be shadowed. Such condition is favourable for growing mushrooms.
2. Principles and Ecological benefits of this system; after an effective transformation of traditional agriculture and backward economy into a multidimensional agroforest ecological system with high output in the Lixiahe region, the cropping layer becomes thick, and the waterta-ble of the lowland is lowered down. The soils become fertile. The utlization ratio of sunlight and energy is increased, due to the changes of microclimate in the field. As a result of the multiple layer cultivation and multi cropping, the production has been greatly increased. The increase of species and the proper proportion of these species decreased the consumption of soil fertility and increased the capability of controlling insect pests. The complex afforestation ecology economic system provides jobs for local peasants, even for some peasants from other parts of this province. The peasants become rich. A sustainable agriculture is succeessfully built up in Lixiahe region, Jiangsu province.
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
1993年第1期47-54,共8页
Acta Geographica Sinica
关键词
人工林
复合生态
江苏
Lixiahe region
Complex Afforestation Ecology Economic System
Su-stainable Agricultuore
Agroforestry.
