摘要
Digestive diseases play major role in development and complications of other disorders including diabetes.For example,Crohn’s disease(CD)is an inflammatory bowel disease associated with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.The inflammation is a complex process that involves the activity of both innate and adaptive immune responses.CD lesions are primarily due to T cell response,however;innate immune response has a significant role in initiating its pathogenesis.Toll-like receptors and NOD-like receptors promote the activity of nuclear factor(NF)-κB pathway for cytokines production.This results in the production of high levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-6.Moreover,intestinal inflammation of CD is related to increased activity of NMDA receptors and the release of substance P.Imbalanced magnesium homeostasis in CD is a frequent finding in CD,Diabetes and others.The loss of such a major mineral affects many physiological processes in the body including its role as an immunomodulator.This review aims to(1)describe the significance of hypomagnesemia in the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in CD;(2)demonstrate effects of magnesium on pathways like NF-κB;(3)address the role of hypomagnesemia in the activity of CD;and(4)examine possible future research to establish a standard magnesium supplementation strategy;helping patients with CD or other disorders to maintain a sustained remission.
Digestive diseases play major role in development and complications of other disorders including diabetes.For example,Crohn’s disease(CD)is an inflammatory bowel disease associated with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.The inflammation is a complex process that involves the activity of both innate and adaptive immune responses.CD lesions are primarily due to T cell response,however;innate immune response has a significant role in initiating its pathogenesis.Toll-like receptors and NOD-like receptors promote the activity of nuclear factor(NF)-κB pathway for cytokines production.This results in the production of high levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-6.Moreover,intestinal inflammation of CD is related to increased activity of NMDA receptors and the release of substance P.Imbalanced magnesium homeostasis in CD is a frequent finding in CD,Diabetes and others.The loss of such a major mineral affects many physiological processes in the body including its role as an immunomodulator.This review aims to(1)describe the significance of hypomagnesemia in the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in CD;(2)demonstrate effects of magnesium on pathways like NF-κB;(3)address the role of hypomagnesemia in the activity of CD;and(4)examine possible future research to establish a standard magnesium supplementation strategy;helping patients with CD or other disorders to maintain a sustained remission.
