摘要
1.引论由人为影响对全球气候造成的问题已对各种温室气体排放的研究日益重要。由于所有温室气体(水蒸气除外)均可长久地存留于大气中,使得它们在全球各部分的分布大体上是均匀的,所以对温室气体排放总量的研究应予重视。在这一研究过程中,掌握各国温室气体的排放预测是重要的环节。因为,①各国的排放预测能充分利用各国现成的工业、农业和其它行业的统计数据;②它们可作为各国决策者制定减少排放量决策的依据。
Swedish inventories of sources and sinks of greenhouse gases--CO_2. CH_4, N_2O and CFCs--are presented. We compare their contribution to the greenhouse effect with due regard to their radiative properties and lifetimes in the atmosphere. If the gross anthropogenic emissions of CO_2 and CH_4 are considered, 50--60% of the total effect is due to CO_2. The second most important gas is CH_4. In a short-term perspective (20 years) the contribu- tion of CH_4 is almost 30%. If the current accumulation of carbon by Swedish forests is subtracted from the direct emissions due to fossil-fuel com- bustion, the net contribution of CO_2 is considerably smaller. Similarly, one may include a reduction of the CH_4 emission due to man-made drainage of wetlands in the balance. This reduces the anthropogenic CH_4 emission by almost 50%. Calculating in this way (i.e. net anthropogenic emissions), reduces the total Swedish anthropogenic emission of C0_2 equivalents by almost 40%; CO_2 is still the largest single contributor (40～45% of the total), but CFCs and N_2O become relatively more important.
出处
《世界环境》
1991年第4期31-32,30,共3页
World Environment
