摘要
黄河流域是我国古代文明的重要发祥地。建国以来,在这一地区开展了大规模的考古发掘,这就为研究古代社会物质文明和精神文明提供了丰富的资料。而在反映精神文明的众多实物资料中,自然也包括在古乐器中占有重要地位的打击乐器——陶鼓(古文献称为"土鼓")。新石器时代的陶鼓由于其鼓面是皮革张冒的,埋藏地下年代久远,鼓面多被朽蚀。因此,往往混在陶器群中,一时难以鉴别。故曾有"异型陶器"、"喇叭形器"、"特殊器形"等称谓;
The 'trumpit-shaped objects' from Yangshan of Minhe and from Leshanping of Yongdeng in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the 'funnel-shaped objects' from Yanggua of Ningxian County in Gansu Province and from Zijing of Shangxian County in Shaanxi Province in the upper and middle reaches of the river and from the Dawenkou culture site at Yedian of Zouxian County in the lower reaches of the river, and the 'peculiar-shaped objects' from Huxizhuang of Wugong, Buzhaozhai of Mianchi in western Henan and the Taoci cemetery in Shanxi Province, judging from their distinctive shape and the regular association of the Taoci peculiar-shaped objects with musical instruments such as the crocodile drum and stone chime, should be identified as a kind of ancient percussion instrument, i.e. the pottery drum, or probably the 'earthen drum' mentioned in ancient textual records.A chronological study shows that the pottery drums from Yedian of Zouxian must be the oldest and date from 5500——5200 BP. These are followed by those from Zijing of Shangxian and from Yanggua of Ningxian, which belong to the period a little earlier than or close to the Miaodigou Ⅱ culture and go back to 3000——2900 BC. Then come those from Hnxizhnang of Wugong, Buzhaozhai of Mianchi and the Taosi cemetery. They are roughly identical in form, but those from the former two sites belong to the Miaodigou Ⅱ culture and have been C-14-dated to 2800——2450 BC, while those from the latter site, being a little later, date from 2500——2400 BC and belong to the Taosi type of the Longshan culture. And those from the upper reaches of the Yellow River bolong to the transition from the Banshan to the Machang in the Majiayao culture, and should be assigned to about 2350 BC.
出处
《考古学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
1991年第2期125-140,共16页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
