摘要
1957年下半年,我队在洛阳市老城西北角1公里的城墙外与烧沟之间地带,发掘古墓葬180余座,其中以汉墓为最多。这一座西汉壁画墓(编号为M61),位于汉墓群的中部偏西地区,即烧沟村和坛角村之间十字沟的西南断崖上(图一)。发掘后,已将此墓移至洛阳市"王城公园"内复原保存。现将此墓的发掘情况介绍于后:
The present tomb lies at a place which is about a kilometre northwest of the Old City of Loyang and adjoins the Han Dynasty cemetery of Shaokou on its northwest. Excavated in the second half of 1957, it has now been moved into the Wangcheng Park of Loyang and restored there for exhibition.Built of both large hollow bricks and small bricks, the tomb is divided into four parts: tomb passage, gate, main chamber and side chambers. The hollow bricks are used in the construction of the gate, main chamber and the lintels of the side chambers; the small bricks are used in the construction of the side chambers and also serve to seal the gate. The paintings are done on the ceiling of the chamber, above the lintel of the gate, on the crossbeam at the centre of the chamber, and on the back wall of the chamber. The ceiling of the chamber, composed of twelve pieces of bricks, is painted with designs of heavenly bodies. The space above the lintel of the tomb gate is decorated with the modelled figure of a ram's head, and a painting representing a tree and a winged tiger attacking a woman. The crossbeam at the centre of the chamber is painted with scenes depicting the story of 'killing three warriors with the gift of two peaches' related in the Yen Tzu Ch' un Ch'iu. The carved bricks above the crossbeam are decorated in openwork with symbols of the four cardinal points, winged horses, etc. The same space on the other side of the crossbeam is occupied by carved bricks bearing designs of a gate, a latticework window and winged dragons. The painting on the back wall of the chamber depict scenes of cooking, drinking, etc. as well as a strange beast. The paintings are done in vermilion, green, blue, yellow and brown. The arrangement of the hollow bricks intended for the painting has been carefully planned in advance and unlike the other parts of the bricks which bear impressed designs, the space marked for the painting is left plain. The paintings above the crossbeam are done on the openwork decorations of rectangular and triangular carved bricks.The tomb contains a joint burial of a man and his wife, each provided with his or her own set of tomb furniture. The latter include ornaments, cooking utensils, containers, weapons, coins, chariot fittings and horse trappings. Except for a few pieces which are objects of daily use, most of them consist of the so-called ming ch'i made specifically for the burial.On the basis of the comparison made with the group of Han tombs excavated at Shaokou, Loyang, the present tomb has been dated to the late Western Han. As the oldest tomb with wall paintings ever found in China, it is of much value to the study of the history of Chinese painting.
出处
《考古学报》
1964年第2期107-125,235-242+259-260,共29页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
