摘要
昭化宝轮镇的北面有山名屋基坡,它东距宝成铁路的昭化车站1公里。屋基坡的东面有山头名宋家盖,二者之间隔有一条山沟,名叫牛沟。崖墓就集中在屋基坡的正面、叫牛沟西侧和宋家盖三处(图版壹,1、2)。1957年3月,我们在屋基坡及叫牛沟西侧两处作了发掘。共发掘崖墓34座,计有东汉墓2座,南北朝墓32座(见附表)。现将南北朝时期的崖墓,作一介绍。
Rocks tombs are a unique method of burial found so far only in Ssu Ch'uan and the
vicinity of Pao Lun Chen, Chao Hua County is one of the areas in the province where
they abound. But most of the rock tombs were of Eastern Han date, with only a few
dating from the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The excavators came upon a total of
32 rock tombs from the latter period in Chao Hua County. Their tomb chambers were,
however, not only simpler in structure but also smaller in size than those of the Eastern
Han date. Their construction seemed to have consisted of the following step: (1) cut-
ting a trough into the wall of the cliff; (2) levelling the sloping cliff to make a tomb
passage; and then (3) cutting further into the cliff wall to form the tomb entrance and
the chamber itself. According to their shape, the chambers were divided into two groups:
(1) those which were slightly oblong, but widening toward the inside, with vaulted
roof and the square shaped entrance having no frame at all; and (2) those which were
somewhat semicylindrical, with wide front but narrowing toward the inside.
The entrance to all these rock tombs was invariably sealed with discarded bricks of
both Han and Chin dynasties. The bricks were further reinforced on the outside by ad-
ditional bricks or cobblestones that were placed against them. Often the ground of the
chambers was higher on the inside and a small drainage was usually found outside the
entrance. In some tombs a brick platform was found to serve as a stand for the coffin.
The presence of iron nails and wood ashes showed that wooden coffin was used for the
burial. Most of the skeletons were found with their head pointing toward the back wall
of the chamber.
The majority of these tombs had never been disturbed by tomb robbers. Their tomb
furniture included pottery, bronze, iron, silver and proto-porcelain ware, in addition to
some small ornaments of glass and jet. Except for the vase with four ear-loops which
was a new form of the period, the rest of the pottery excavated was similar to those found
in the Han tombs of Ssu Ch'uan. The same was also true of the bronze ware excavated
from these tombs. The glaze of the proto-porcelain ware was either greenish white or
yellowish white and came off very easily. There were also tear stains and crackles on the-
glaze. Moreover, the decorations on this ware were simpler than those on similar ware of the
same poriod found at Foochow, Canton and Nanking. The fact that the proto-porcelain
ware of Ssu Ch'uan was inferior to those unearthed in other parts of China seems to.
indicate that they were products of local kilns.
出处
《考古学报》
1959年第2期109-126,171-178,共26页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
