摘要
一、发掘经过及地层情况遗址位於现西安市郊的西北部,东距玉祥门约1.5公里,北距汉代长安城故址约1公里馀,南邻大土门村(图一)。遗址在未发掘之前,地势略高於其周围的一般地面,中部是一个不规则的大土堆,其南北长180,东西宽约60馀米,中部最高处约5—7米,当地的人们把它叫做"塚屹?"(图版壹,1)。
Located in the western suburb of modern Sian, the present site lies about a little over
a kilometer to the north of the Han city of Ch'ang-an. Prior to the excavations, the area
was an irregularly shaped earthen mound which had a length of 180 meters from south to
north and a width of over 60 meters from east to west. Its highest point attained a
height of 5--7 meters from the ground level.
It was first discovered in July, 1956 by the Commission for the Preservation of An-
cient Monuments of Shensi Province which made some diggings. But since March 1957
the work was taken over by the Institute of Archaeology, Academia Sinica. During this
period, a total area of 6,678 square meters was excavated.
The excavations revealed that this was an architectural site of the Hun dynasty. Its
original structure was found to have consisted of three parts: (1) A central structure; (2)
An enclosing wall with its four gates and auxiliary buildings; and (3) A long ditch en-
circling the walls.
Originally, the central structure stood on a rectangular earthen platform of which the
upper part was pounded. And the platform in turn was built on a circular foundation of
pounded earth with a diameter of over 60 meters. The plan of this central structure re-
sembled the character '亚' and faced due south and north. In each of the four corners
of the large earthen platform were two small rectangular platforms of pounded earth. And
around this large earthen platform in the four directions stood four halls. Of the latter
the north hall had only four 'pao hsia' (抱厦, out-buildings) while all the other three
were provided with eight for each. The main room of all the halls was located inside
the pao hsia'. Their walls were either of mud bricks or of pounded earth. The con-
struction of the foundation of these halls was a highly complicated process. Taking the
north hall for example, the ground was of red earth with very smooth surface. Beneath
this layer of red earth were another layer of fine earth and a layer of mud paste mixed
with chopped straw, superimposed on six layers of mud bricks. The stone pillar bases of
the halls were of two kinds, being either oblong or square in shape.
The enclosing walls, likewise built of pounded earth, were of equal length on all four
sides, measuring 235 meters on each side and lying at a distance of 96 meters from the
central structure. To facilitate the flowing of rain water, a tiny slope was constructed
along their base and below the slope ran a small drainage built of bricks. At the exact
center of the walls on each side a gate, measuring 12.5 meters in length and 4.5 meters
in width, was provided. And in each of the four corners of the walls were two rows of
auxiliary buildings forming a carpenter's square. Encircling the walls ran a long ditch.
On the outside of the sections of this long ditch opposite to the four gates was added a
small oblong shaped ditch. All the ditches were built of bricks and covered with slabs.
The one on the north was linked with a nearby canal.
In addition to the discovery of a complete Han dynasty architectural plan which was
a rare find, the excavations also yielded a large quantity of tiles with cord impression, five
wu chu coins, three bronze arrowheads and some iron nails. These objects indicate that the
site should be attributed to the Western Han. On the basis of its architectural plan and
an initial research into some historical references the structure has been tentatively identified
as a 'pi' yung'(辟雍)
出处
《考古学报》
1959年第2期45-55,151-160+183,共22页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
