摘要
我国北方草原地区古代少数民族的文化遗存中,常见装饰各种动物纹的器物,习惯上称之为"鄂尔多斯式铜器。解放前,在古玩市场上见有不少这类器物,大都系偶然发现物或来源于盗掘的墓葬,没有准确的出土地点和可供断代的伴存器物。尤为令人惋惜的是,这些器物大部已散失,落入国外的某些博物馆和私人收藏家手中。其中,有些器物已见于著录,比较重要的有:A.萨里莫尼的《卢芹斋收藏的中国——西伯利亚艺术品》、J.G.安特生的《动物纹中狩猎巫术的含义》和《鄂尔多斯青铜器选集》、水野清一、江上波夫的《内蒙古长城地带》。
Metal vessels (mainly of bronzes,and also of gold and silver) with animalstyle have been frequently found in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and its neigh-boring areas in Hebei,Shanxi,Shaanxi and Ningxia,where minority peoples in north Chinalived in ancient times.On the basis of the archeological finds and historical writings,thisarticle discusses the date,type,characteristics and development of these animal style.The stylistic development of bronzes in the northern frontier area of China can beroughly divided into four stages:`1.Late Shang to early Western Zhou (c.13th-9th century B.C.).The most common in this stage are animal heads in the round attached to the handlesof bronze swords,broadswords or daggers.2.Late Western Zhou to early Spring and Autumn (c.9th-6th century B.C.).Motives of this stage,represented by those of the Xiajiadian's upper layer culture,were carved in relief,in the openwork and in the round.Plaques with animal designs inopenwork and figures of animals in the round began to appear.3.Late Spring and Autumn to the Warring States period (c.6th—2nd century B.C.).This stage,represented by the designs of the early Xiongnu culture of the Ordos steppeand its neighboring regions,witnessed rectangular plaques with animal designs in reliefor openwork as well as a large number of animal figures in the round.Patterns of fabledanimals or combats between animals appeared in its later period.4.The Western and Eastern Han period (c.2nd century B.C.—A.D.2nd century) ischaracterized by rectangular belt ornaments with animal motives in openwork.The animal designs were an applied art created by nationalities living on steppes inthe northern frontier area of ancient Chinan.Absorbing the essence of cultures of other na-tionalities on the Eurasian steppes,it developed into a decorative art with a unique style.
出处
《考古学报》
1981年第1期45-61,149-152,共21页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
