摘要
本文系统地回顾了新中国成立５０ 年来民族政策的发展历程，粗线条地勾勒出民族政策发展的历史轨迹。认为新中国民族政策的发展从时代特点看可分为三个历史时期：第一个时期民族政策初步形成了体系，经历了开创奠基和曲折发展两个阶段；第二个时期民族政策的发展遭受了严重挫折；第三个时期是民族政策的大发展时期，经历了三个阶段，即拨乱反正的恢复阶段、新旧体制转换期间的过渡阶段、市场经济体制下加快发展的阶段。在不同的历史时期，民族政策的发展有不同的重点，呈现出不同的时代特点。新时期的民族政策在理论、内容和方法上都有许多新发展，对民族问题认识的深化、关于少数民族社会发展阶段的理论、关于民族工作以经济建设为中心的理论、关于少数民族改革开放的理论、关于“两个大局”的理论等对制定新时期的民族政策都产生了重要影响。民族政策增添了许多新内容，使体系趋于完善。在方法、手段上也有许多创新，表现在趋于具体化、市场化、制度化、法制化、多样化等方面。
This article systematically retrospects the course of the development of the policies toward ethnic groups in the 50 years since New China's founding and briefly draws the outline of the historical orbit of the development of these policies. The author holds that in terms of times' characteristics the development of New China's policies toward ethnic groups has experienced three historical periods.In the first period, which included two phases: the initatory phase of laying a foundation and the phase of advancing forward tortuously, the policies toward ethnic groups formed a system preliminarily. In the second period these policies suffered serious setbacks. The third period is one in which policies toward ethnic groups have obtained great development, it experienced three phases: the phase of putting an end of the chaos state and restoring normal order, the phase of transition from old system to the new, and the phase of speeding up the development under the system of market economy. In each of the different periods, the development of policies toward ethnic groups has emphasized different focal points, presenting different times' characteristics. The policies toward ethnic groups in the new period have gained much development in terms of theory, contents, and methods, the more profoundly understanding of questions concerning ethnic groups, the theory of development phases of ethnic minority societies, the theory that our work concerning ethnic groups must centre efforts on economic construction, the theory of reform and opening up of the ethnic minority areas, and the theory of `two overall situations ' have all exerted important influence upon the formulation of policies toward ethnic groups in the new period. A lot of new contents have been added to policies toward ethnic groups, the system is getting perfect. Many new ideas have also brought forth in terms of means and measures, it is displayed in aspects of the concretization, marketization systemization, legalization, diversification, etc..
出处
《民族研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
1999年第5期1-12,109,共13页
Ethno-National Studies
