4Wertheimer AI. The Defined Daily Dose system for drug utilization review[J]. Hospital Pharmacy, 1986,21(3) :233.
5Somogyi AA, Nation RL, Olweny C, et al. Plasma concentrations and renal clearance of morphine, morphine - 3 - glucuronide and morphine - 6 - glucuronide in cancer patients receiving morphine [J]. Clin Pharmacokinet, 1993, 24(5) : 413.
6Bercovitch M, Waller A, Adunsky A. High dose morphine use in the hospice setting, a database survey of patient characteristics and effect on life expectancy [ J ]. Cancer, 1999, 86(5): 871.
7Bercovitch M, Adunsky A. Patterns of high - dose morphine use in a home - care hospice Service, should we be afraid of it[J]? Cancer, 2004,101(6):1 473.
9Milne RW, Nation RL, Somogyi AA, et al. The influence of renal function on the renal clearance of morphine and its glucuronide metabolites in intensivecare patients[ J]. Br J Clin Pharmac, 1992,34(1) : 53.
10Hasselstrom J, Sawe J metabolism in humans. Morphine pharmacokinetics and Enterohepatic cycling and relative contribution of metabolites to active opioid concentration[J].Clin Pharrnacokinet, 1993, 24(4): 344.
