摘要
科技投入产出效率评价是衡量各国科技创新水平的主要手段。运用DEA与Malmquist指数相结合的分析方法,从静态和动态两方面对2003—2016年中国和OECD创新型国家的科技投入产出进行分析。结果表明,第一,中国全要素生产率呈现进步态势,但研发效率变化并非由技术研发引起,而是由于规模效应提升改善的。第二,典型的创新型国家大多表现为技术效率和规模效应同时提高科技创新水平。第三,未发现技术效率和规模效应的理想配比,需要本国根据自身发展的阶段及实际水平确定投入和产出的适当规模,注重科技创新中"量"与"质"的转化。
At present,innovation has become a key factor in maintaining national competitiveness and economic growth.Governments in various countries have taken technological innovation as an important strategy to enhance their international competitiveness.Typical innovative countries such as the United States and Japan rely mainly on technological efficiency to enhance technological innovation,while countries such as South Korea and Sweden rely on increasing economies of scale,which raises the question of how to improve the level of scientific and technological innovation.In order to investigate whether the improvement of technological innovation level depends on technological efficiency or scale effect,and whether there is an optimal ratio between the two,the study measures and compares the innovation performance of China and the OECD countries,with a view to explaining this issue more accurately.The research focuses on scientific and technological innovation,innovative countries,and R&D efficiency.The study used a way by combining DEA and Malmquist indexes to measure the input-output efficiency of China and 11 innovative countries from OECD member countries from 2003 to 2016.Select R&D funding and R&D personnel as input indicators for research,and papers and tripartite patents as output indicators.Perform correlation analysis on input and output indicators.There is a correlation between variables and can be used for research.These are the preparations needed before the study.Next,the DEA method was used to measure the innovation performance gap between China and innovative countries.Then,the Malmqist index method was used to introduce total factor productivity(TFP)to more intuitively measure the impact of technological progress and management level on technological innovation.The research draws the following conclusions:First,the R&D efficiency of world innovation activities has generally declined,China’s total factor productivity has shown a growth trend,and the gap with innovative countries is gradually narrowing.Second,China’s technological innovation efficiency is in the middle reaches of the sample countries.Position,compared with some innovative countries in terms of scientific and technological investment intensity,full-time equivalent of R&D personnel,the number of tripartite patent applications and the number of high-quality papers published;third,China’s scale efficiency contribution to scientific and technological innovation is greater than Technical efficiency.The data shows that it is difficult to fully improve China’s level of technological innovation based on scale efficiency alone.To achieve the long-term development of technological innovation,China should pay more attention to the simultaneous improvement of technological efficiency and scale effects.Based on the above research conclusions,the following suggestions are made:first,there is a certain threshold for the intensity of scientific and technological input,and continuous increase in scientific and technological input does not necessarily lead to sustained growth in innovation level,so the government needs to adjust and control the amount of scientific and technological input and output in a timely manner;secondly While paying attention to scale efficiency,we should pay more attention to the improvement of technical efficiency,invest in scientific research funds and personnel according to local conditions,rationally allocate scientific and technological resources,and improve the level of scientific research management.Finally,we must pay equal attention to quality and quantity in scientific and technological innovation.Increase the output of high-quality scientific and technological achievements.In addition,there are some shortcomings and prospects for future research in the research process.The lack of research is mainly manifested in three aspects:first,the research data statistics are not updated in a timely manner,and some data are not made public so that the collected data is not comprehensive;second,only the role of scale effect in scientific and technological innovation is analyzed without deep Explore whether there are thresholds for scale effects and how large they are.Third,the lag period selected in this study is one year,which can only measure the short-term technological output.Based on the above shortcomings,I also hope that in future research,static and dynamic measures of technological innovation efficiency can be overcome by influencing factors such as incomplete data and lag time.
作者
刘兰剑
滕颖
LIU Lanjian;TENG Ying(School of Humanities,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,China;Shanxi Provincial Public Science Literacy and Public Policy Research Center,Xi'an 710064,China)
出处
《科学学与科学技术管理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期50-61,共12页
Science of Science and Management of S.& T.
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(19BJY072)
中央高校基金项目(300102110610,300102110655)
陕西省软件科学重点项目(2020KRZ012)
关键词
创新型国家
全要素生产率
研发效率
规模效应
innovative country
TFP
research and development efficiency
scale effect
