摘要
中国的现代国家观念之普及与清末的科举之变关联甚深。在清末的科举之变中,八股改策论使得原本稳定的考试基础文本发生了重大改变,遂引致考官进退失据,考生彷徨无定。科举之变又造就了考试市场不断出现新的商机,商机牵引书商闻风而动,循利而起,在相当程度上变换了读书风气和人心所向。这些变化一方面在1905年使延续千年的科举立停,另一方面则在根本建制和社会基础层面促进了现代国家观念的传播,但这种传播并非简单的线性之变,而是多歧纷呈,诡论迭出。
The popularization of the concept of a modern state in China has been closely related to the change of the system of imperial examinations in the late Qing Dynasty,in which the eightlegged essay test was substituted by the test of discourses on polities.Hence,the original basic texts for the examinations had to be changed as well,resulting in the wandering of both examiners and candidates in a hopeless state.The change of imperial examinations also brought new business opportunities in the examination market,where many bookmen responded immediately to gain profits.To a great extent,it changed the general mood of the circle of scholars and the common value of the society.These changes led to the abolishment of the thousand-year-old imperial examinations in 1905 on the one hand,and facilitated the spread of the concept of a modern state at the level of the fundamental institution and social basis.This spread,however,is not simple and linear,but complicated and paradoxical.
出处
《思想与文化》
2020年第1期205-235,共31页
Thought & Culture
关键词
清末
科举
现代国家观念
普及
late Qing Dynasty
imperial examinations
concept of a modern state
popularization
