摘要
目的尽管已有安全有效的麻疹疫苗,但麻疹仍是造成全球婴幼儿死亡的主要原因之一。本研究分析樟树市2006-2017年麻疹流行病学分布特征,为消除麻疹的策略和措施提供依据。方法麻疹病例来自2006-2017年樟树市各医疗单位通过《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》报告、现场调查及日常监测的疫情信息,统计疫情数据,用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。采集麻疹疑似病例早期血清标本,用抗体捕捉酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测免疫球蛋白M(immunoglobulin M,IgM)抗体。结果樟树市2006-2017年共报告麻疹病例169例,12年间麻疹发病出现3个小高峰,分别为2006、2008和2014年。2014年发病率最高,为7.07/10万;2017年最低,为0.18/10万。麻疹流行呈低水平和小高峰上下波动趋势;流行模式为高度散发与局部暴发并存。3~5月份为发病高峰,9~11月份为全年最低。发病重点地区分布在农村山区及城乡结合部,高发人群以0~岁组婴儿和>15岁为主,0~岁组58例(其中<8个月3例),发病率最高为65.47/10万;其次15~岁组,发病率为9.31/10万。含麻疹成份联合疫苗(measles-containing combination vaccine,MCV)接种史者占42.60%,无接种史者占27.22%,接种史不详者占28.40%。结论麻疹发病具有年龄两极性、2~3年周期性、局部地区聚集性和明显季节性分布特征,应针对性落实综合防控措施,防止麻疹流行。
OBJECTIVE Although a safe and effective measles vaccine is available,measles remains one of the leading causes of infant and child mortality worldwide.This study analyzes the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Zhangshu City from 2006 to 2017,and provides a basis for strategies and measures to eliminate measles.METHODS Measles cases come from the epidemic information which is reported,investigated on spot and daily monitored by medical units in Zhangshu City from 2006 to 2017 according to the Information System for Disease Control and Prevention in China.The measles epidemic data from 2006 to 2017 were collected and analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.Early serum samples of suspected measles cases were collected,and IgM antibodies were detected by antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS Zhangshu City reported 169 cases of measles from 2006 to 2017,with three small peaks in the incidence of measles in 12 years.The highest incidence in 2014 was 7.07/100000,and the lowest was 0.18/100000 in 2017.The measles epidemic showed a low level and fluctuated from a small peak,The epidemic pattern was a high degree of co-existence with local outbreaks.The peak incidence was from March to May.The key areas were distributed in rural mountains and the rural-urban junction.The population over 15 years old was the main group,with 58 cases in the0-age group(3 cases<8 months of age),with the highest incidence of 65.47/100000,followed by the incidence rate of9.31/100000 in the 15-age group.42.60%of measles-containing combination vaccine(MCV)vaccination history,27.22%of those without vaccination history and 28.40%of unknown vaccination history.CONCLUSIONS The incidence of measles has the characteristics of age bipolarity,periodicity of 2 to 3 years,localized clustering and obvious seasonal distribution.Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be implemented to prevent measles epidemics.
作者
李伍芽
邹小平
卢永东
徐丽霞
LI Wu-ya;ZOU Xiao-ping;LU Yong-dong;XU Li-xia(Department of Epidemic Prevention,Yanghu Township Health Center,Zhangshu City,Zhangshu331202,P.R.China;Zhangshu Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhangshu331200,P.R.China;Department of Epidemic Prevention,Changfu Town Central Health Center,Zhangshu City,Zhangshu331213,P.R.China)
出处
《社区医学杂志》
2020年第7期473-476,共4页
Journal Of Community Medicine
关键词
麻疹
免疫球蛋白M
樟树市
发病率
分布特征
measles
immunoglobulin M
camphor city
incidence
distribution characteristics
