摘要
目的了解北京市房山区居民膳食结构、营养水平,评价居民营养与健康状况。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,按全区经济发展程度和地理位置分为城区和农村地区两层,每层随机选取2个调查点,在每个调查点随机选取20户,对住户的所有家庭成员进行食物消费、营养素摄入以及营养素的食物来源情况调查。结果2015年房山区共80户230人参加营养膳食调查,实际纳入数据分析227人,其中男108人、女119人,男女性别比为1∶0.91;监测人群多集中在30~69岁年龄组,共179人,占78.85%。2015年房山区城乡居民平均每标准人日的食物摄入状况为:与中国居民膳食宝塔(2016)推荐量相比,房山区居民薯类(31.19 g)、蔬菜(221.79 g)、水果(60.71 g)、水产品(16.24 g)、奶类及其制品(56.87 g)、豆制品(7.20 g)的摄入量不足,城区均高于农村;谷类摄入量(405.39 g)偏多,城乡摄入量相当;畜禽肉摄入量(68.84 g)、蛋类摄入量(42.20 g)与推荐量相当,城乡基本持平;食用油摄入量(32.72 g)略高,盐摄入量(10.69 g)严重超出推荐摄入量,城乡居民食用油和盐的摄入量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论房山区居民膳食结构不尽合理,建议强化政府主导,科学规划全区营养,改善总体规划;加强营养健康教育与科学知识宣传,引导居民食物消费和建立合理的膳食结构;开展扩大规模的营养监测,完善数据分析。
Objective To understand the dietary structure and nutritional level of residents in Fangshan district of Beijing,and to evaluate the nutritional and health status of residents.Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to divide the district into urban and rural areas according to the level of economic development and geographical location.Two survey sites were randomly selected from each floor,and 20 households were randomly selected from each survey site.The food consumption,nutrient intake and food sources of nutrients were investigated for all the family members of the households.Results In2015,a total of 230 people from 80 households in Fangshan district participated in the nutrition and diet survey.Finally 227 people were included in the data analysis,including 108 men and 119 women,and the ratio of male-female was 1∶0.91.A total of 179 people(78.85%)were mainly in the 30-69 age group.The average food intake per standard person-day of urban and rural residents of Fangshan district in 2015 was as follows:compared with the recommended amount of dietary pagodas for Chinese residents(2016),the intake of potato(31.19 g),vegetable(221.79 g),fruit(60.71 g),aquatic products(16.24 g),milk and its products(56.87 g)and bean products(7.20 g)were insufficient in Fangshan district,and the intake of urban areas was higher than that of rural areas.The cereal intake(405.39 g)was high,and the intake was the same in urban and rural areas.The intake of livestock and poultry meat(68.84 g)and eggs(42.20 g)were similar to the recommended levels,which were basically the same in urban and rural areas.The intake of edible oil(32.72 g)was slightly higher,and the intake of salt(10.69 g)seriously exceeded the recommended intake.There was no significant difference in the intake of edible oil and salt between urban and rural residents.Conclusion The dietary structure of residents in Fangshan district is not reasonable.It is suggested to strengthen the guidance of the government,scientifically plan the nutrition of the whole district,and improve the overall planning.It is necessary to strengthen nutrition and health education and scientific knowledge publicity,guide the residents’food consumption to establish a reasonable dietary structure,and carry out large-scale nutrition monitoring and improve data analysis.
作者
李爱军
高美丽
LI Ai-jun;GAO Mei-li(Fangshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102488,China;不详)
出处
《慢性病学杂志》
2021年第7期1012-1015,共4页
Chronic Pathematology Journal
关键词
城乡居民
营养膳食
调查
Urban and rural residents
Nutrition diet
Survey
