摘要
目的评估兰州市丰水期、枯水期饮水健康风险,为该市饮用水健康管理提供科学依据。方法问卷调查兰州市城区居民饮水量,对2017年兰州市丰水期、枯水期饮用水中12种化学非致癌物(铁、锰、铜、铅、锌、汞、硒、硝酸盐、氨氮、挥发酚、氰化物、氟化物)和3种化学致癌物(镉、铬、砷)进行检测,并采用美国国家环境保护局推荐的健康风险评价模型对不同水期的上述15种化学污染物通过饮水途径所引起的健康风险做出初步评价。结果兰州市居民平均总饮水量(2.34±1.10)L/d,男性(2.55±1.14)L/d高于女性(2.13±1.01)L/d(Z=-6.608,P<0.05)。丰水期、枯水期水样合格率均为97.62%。化学非致癌物健康风险枯水期、丰水期分别为7.37×10-9/年、6.79×10-9/年。化学致癌物健康风险枯水期、丰水期分别为分别为5.38×10-5/年、4.94×10-5/年,枯水期风险较丰水期高8.91%(P<0.01);枯水期、丰水期均以镉的健康风险最大,分别占77.70%、60.32%。化学致癌物健康风险于枯水期在男性、女性分别为分别为5.53×10-5/年、5.24×10-5/年,男性风险较女性高5.53%(P<0.01);丰水期在男、女性分别为分别为5.09×10-5/年、4.82×10-9/年,男性风险较女性高5.60%(P<0.01)。化学致癌物健康风险占总风险的99.99%。结论兰州市枯水期饮用水健康风险高于ICRP最大可接受风险水平(5.0×10-5/年),男性风险高于女性。应优先控制化学致癌物,尤其是镉。
Objective To evaluate the health risk of drinking water during rainy season and dry season in Lanzhou city,and to provide scientific evidence for drinking water management in the city.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain the data of drinking water intake of residents in urban area of Lanzhou in 2017.Meanwhile,tape water samples were collected during rainy season and dry season in the city to measure 12 chemical non-carcinogens(Fe,Mn,Cu,Pb,Zn,Hg,Se,NO3-,NH3-N,VP,CN-and F-)as well as 3 chemical carcinogens(Cd,Cr6+and As).The health risk of exposure to the above 15 chemical pollutants in drinking water was assessed using the evaluation models recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency.Results The overall median drinking water intake was(2.34±1.10)L/d,which was higher in male residents than in females(2.55±1.14 vs 2.13±1.01)L/d,(Z=-6.608,P<0.05).97.62%of water samples collected in both rainy season and dry season met drinking water standards.The health risks of individual health hazard caused by chemical non-carcinogens were 7.37×10-9/a and 6.79×10-9/a and were 5.38×10-5/a and 4.94×10-5/a caused by chemical carcinogens during dry season and rainy season,with the health risk of 8.91%higher in dry season than in rainy season(P<0.01).Cadmium contributed 77.70%and 60.32%of the total risk of chemical carcinogens during dry season and rainy season.In dry season,the average annual risks of individual health hazard caused by chemical carcinogens were 5.53×10-5/a in males and 5.24×10-5/a in females,with the health risk of 5.53%higher in males than in females(P<0.01).In rainy season,the average annual risks of individual health hazard caused by chemical carcinogens were 5.09×10-5/a in males and 4.82×10-9/a in females,with the risk of 5.60%higher in males than in females(P<0.01).The risk of chemical carcinogens accounted for 99.99%of the total risk.Conclusions The health risk of drinking water during dry season in Lanzhou is slightly higher than the maximum acceptable risk level of the International Commission on Radiation Protection(ICRP)(5.0×10-5/a).It is higher in male residents than in females and chemical carcinogens should be preferentially controlled in drinking water,especially cadmium.
作者
李盛
王金玉
李守禹
冯亚莉
李普
王园
LI Sheng;WANG Jin-yu;LI Shou-yu;FENG Ya-li;LI Pu;WANG Yuan(The First People,s Hospital of Lanzhou,Lanzhou,Gansu 730050,China;不详)
出处
《中国预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2020年第7期793-797,共5页
Chinese Preventive Medicine
基金
兰州市人才创新创业项目(2016-RC-89,2018-1-121)
兰州市城关区科技计划项目(2017-7-2)
关键词
饮用水
健康风险评价
化学致癌物
化学非致癌物
枯水期
丰水期
饮水量
Drinking water
Health risk assessment
Chemical carcinogens
Chemical non-carcinogens
Dry season
Rainy season
Drinking water intake
