The success of immune checkpoint blockade has reaffirmed the importance of the immune system in cancer treatment.Immunotherapy enables the body's own immune system to fight tumor cells.However,the complex tumor mi...The success of immune checkpoint blockade has reaffirmed the importance of the immune system in cancer treatment.Immunotherapy enables the body's own immune system to fight tumor cells.However,the complex tumor microenvironment and its interaction with the immune system remain a mystery.The efficacy of immunotherapy is often affected by tumor heterogeneity.Molecular imaging techniques,such as single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography,enable noninvasive whole-body imaging of tumor and immune cell signatures.Noninvasive molecular imaging can also be used to monitor the treatment response of tumors,thereby achieving personalized response assessment,which may ultimately lead to improved clinical management,development of individualized treatments,and reliable prognosis.This article reviews recent research in immunotherapy response assessment,immune T-cell imaging,immune checkpoint imaging,and radiomics/radiogenomics in immunotherapy.To date,these studies have primarily comprised exploratory preclinical imaging with preliminary results indicating that biomarker molecular imaging may have a role to play in the assessment of immunotherapy.Therefore,the principle of selecting patients for immunotherapy based on imaging results is feasible.展开更多
Concomitant fields are the unwanted transverse components that arise when spatial encoding gradients are applied in MRI.We measured the changing gradient magnetic field at multiple locations inside the scanner and exa...Concomitant fields are the unwanted transverse components that arise when spatial encoding gradients are applied in MRI.We measured the changing gradient magnetic field at multiple locations inside the scanner and examined the internal distribution and linearity of the three vector components of the field.Our results illustrate some not-so-obvious spatial characteristics of the gradient field,which can seem unintuitive at first glance,but are quite reasonable when considering electromagnetic theory and MRI-scanner physics constraints.展开更多
In recent decades,maternal–fetal medicine has undergone substantial advancements in the management of high-risk pregnancies.These include enhanced prenatal screening and diagnosis facilitated by innovations in ultras...In recent decades,maternal–fetal medicine has undergone substantial advancements in the management of high-risk pregnancies.These include enhanced prenatal screening and diagnosis facilitated by innovations in ultrasound imaging,as well as the advances in fetal medical and interventional therapies informed by the deeper understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying fetal and maternal disease processes.展开更多
Motor neuron diseases(MNDs),such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),are a group of devastating and progressive neurodegenerative disorders that affect the upper and lower motor neurons(UMN and LMN)[1].Other forms o...Motor neuron diseases(MNDs),such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),are a group of devastating and progressive neurodegenerative disorders that affect the upper and lower motor neurons(UMN and LMN)[1].Other forms of MND include primary lateral sclerosis(PLS),progressive muscular atrophy,progressive bulbar palsy,spinal muscular atrophy,and frontotemporal dementia-MND[2].Early and accurate diagnosis is crit-ical;yet the diagnosis and prognosis of MNDs are chal-lenging due to the complexity and heterogeneity of these diseases.Therefore,there is a need for sensitive,sugges-tive,and reliable biomarkers to detect and monitor the progression of neurodegeneration and neuro-inflammation in MNDs[1].展开更多
Transthyretin amyloidosis(ATTR),a rare systemic disorder characterized by misfolded transthyretin(TTR)protein aggregation,predominantly affects the heart and peripheral nervous system.Central nervous system(CNS)involv...Transthyretin amyloidosis(ATTR),a rare systemic disorder characterized by misfolded transthyretin(TTR)protein aggregation,predominantly affects the heart and peripheral nervous system.Central nervous system(CNS)involvement in ATTR,especially widespread leptomeningeal amyloidosis(LA),is exceedingly rare.Early diagnosis of CNS‐predominant ATTR is difficult due to nonspecific symptoms and low awareness.This study adopted a dual‐methodology:A single‐case analysis of a CNSpredominant hereditary ATTR(CNS‐ATTR)patient at a tertiary referral center and a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines.PubMed and Embase were systematically searched from the start to March 2025 using controlled vocabulary(MeSH/Emtree terms)and Boolean operators for reported CNS‐involved ATTR cases.A systematic review of 79 CNSATTR cases revealed universal leptomeningeal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)(77/79,97%)and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)protein elevation(66/79,84%).The index case(p.Gly73Ala)showed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement,grade 3 PYP uptake,and CSF protein 1.88 g/L.In summary,LA associated with ATTR is extremely scarce.A four‐tiered,protocolbased diagnostic algorithm is crucial for patients with unexplained leptomeningeal disorders.展开更多
Advances in fetal surgery techniques have enabled the treatment of certain congenital defects before birth.A critical area of focus is the role of perinatal imaging in optimizing prenatal interventions within the prec...Advances in fetal surgery techniques have enabled the treatment of certain congenital defects before birth.A critical area of focus is the role of perinatal imaging in optimizing prenatal interventions within the precision medicine framework.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is emerging as an indispensable tool for guiding these intricate procedures with the potential to significantly enhance the standard of care and outcomes for affected fetuses.This review begins with an overview of the classification and indications for fetal surgical interventions.It then explores the detailed applications of prenatal MRI scanning and diagnostic techniques across various categories of fetal surgery.A key focus is how fetal MRI provides critical insights into specific lesion characteristics and tissue involvement,thereby aiding healthcare professionals in selecting the optimal surgical strategies for prenatal and postnatal interventions.Fetal MRI offers detailed visualizations that complement traditional ultra-sound findings,enhancing the precision of radiological planning for fetal surgery.Finally,the review highlights how integration of fetal MRI into the decision-making process enables healthcare providers to make well-informed choices,ultimately improving the prognosis and outcomes for both the mother and fetus.展开更多
The development of 7‐Tesla(7T)magnetic resonance imaging systems has opened new avenues for exploring the advantages of diffusion imaging at higher field strengths,especially in neuroscience research.This review inve...The development of 7‐Tesla(7T)magnetic resonance imaging systems has opened new avenues for exploring the advantages of diffusion imaging at higher field strengths,especially in neuroscience research.This review investigates whether 7T diffusion imaging offers significant benefits over lower field strengths by addressing the following:Technical challenges and corresponding strategies:Challenges include achieving shorter transverse relaxation/effective transverse relaxation times and greater B0 and B1 inhomogeneities.Advanced techniques including high‐performance gradient systems,parallel imaging,multi‐shot acquisition,and parallel transmission can mitigate these issues.Comparison of 3‐Tesla and 7T diffusion imaging:Technologies such as multiplexed sensitivity encoding and deep learning reconstruction(DLR)have been developed to mitigate artifacts and improve image quality.This comparative analysis demonstrates significant improvements in the signal‐to‐noise ratio and spatial resolution at 7T with a powerful gradient system,facilitating enhanced visualization of microstructural changes.Despite greater geometric distortions and signal inhomogeneity at 7T,the system shows clear advantages in high b‐value imaging and highresolution diffusion tensor imaging.Additionally,multiplexed sensitivity encoding significantly reduces image blurring and distortion,and DLR substantially improves the signal‐to‐noise ratio and image sharpness.7T diffusion applications in structural analysis and disease characterization:This review discusses the potential applications of 7T diffusion imaging in structural analysis and disease characterization.展开更多
The liver is a multifaceted organ that is responsible for many critical functions encompassing amino acid,carbohydrate,and lipid metabolism,all of which make a healthy liver essential for the human body.Contemporary i...The liver is a multifaceted organ that is responsible for many critical functions encompassing amino acid,carbohydrate,and lipid metabolism,all of which make a healthy liver essential for the human body.Contemporary imaging methodologies have remarkable diagnostic accuracy in discerning focal liver lesions;however,a comprehensive understanding of diffuse liver diseases is a requisite for radiologists to accurately diagnose or predict the progression of such lesions within clinical contexts.Nonetheless,the conventional attributes of radiological features,including morphology,size,margin,density,signal intensity,and echoes,limit their clinical utility.Radiomics is a widely used approach that is characterized by the extraction of copious image features from radiographic depictions,which gives it considerable potential in addressing this limitation.It is worth noting that functional or molecular alterations occur significantly prior to the morphological shifts discernible by imaging modalities.Consequently,the explication of potential mechanisms by multiomics analyses(encompassing genomics,epigenomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics)is essential for investigating putative signal pathway regulations from a radiological viewpoint.In this review,we elaborate on the principal pathological categorizations of diffuse liver diseases,the evaluation of multiomics approaches pertaining to diffuse liver diseases,and the prospective value of predictive models.Accordingly,the overarching objective of this review is to scrutinize the interrelations between radiological features and bioinformatics as well as to consider the development of prediction models predicated on radiobioinformatics as integral components of clinical decision support systems for diffuse liver diseases.展开更多
Radiomics and machine learning(ML)are increasingly utilized to predict treatment response by uncovering latent information in medical images.This study systematically reviews radiomics studies on brain metastasis trea...Radiomics and machine learning(ML)are increasingly utilized to predict treatment response by uncovering latent information in medical images.This study systematically reviews radiomics studies on brain metastasis treated with stereotactic radio-surgery(SRS)and quantifies their radiomic quality score(RQS).A systematic search on Scopus,Web of Science,and PubMed was conducted to identify original studies on radiomics for predicting treatment response,adhering to predefined patient,intervention,comparator,and outcome(PICO)criteria.No restrictions were placed on language or publication date.Two in-dependent reviewers assessed eligible studies,and the RQS was calculated based on Lambin’s guidelines.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(PRISMA)2020 guidelines were followed.Seventeen studies involving 2744 patients met the inclusion criteria out of 200 identified.All studies were retrospective and utilizing various MRI scanners models with different field strength.The average RQS across studies was low(39.2%),with a maximum score of 19 points(52.7%).Radiomic-based models demonstrated superior predictive accuracy compared to clinical or visual assessment,with AUC values ranging from 0.74 to 0.92.Integration of clinical features such as Karnofsky performance status,dose,and isodose line further improved model performance.Deep learning models achieved the highest predictive accuracy,with AUC of 0.92.Radiomics demonstrate significant potential in predicting treatment outcomes with high accuracy,offering opportunities to advance personalized management for BM.To facilitate clinical adoption,future studies must prioritize adherence to standardized guidelines and robust model validation to ensure reproducibility.展开更多
Total-body positron emission tomography(TB-PET)has ultra-high sensitivity and the unique ability to conduct dynamic imaging of the entire body.Both the hardware configuration and the data acquired from a TB-PET scanne...Total-body positron emission tomography(TB-PET)has ultra-high sensitivity and the unique ability to conduct dynamic imaging of the entire body.Both the hardware configuration and the data acquired from a TB-PET scanner differ from those of the conventional short axial field-of-view scanners.Therefore,various aspects concerning data processing need careful consideration when implementing TB-PET in clinical settings.Additionally,advances in data analysis are needed to fully uncover the potential of these systems.Although some progress has been achieved,further research and innovation in scan data management are necessary.In this report,we provide a comprehensive overview of the current progress,challenges,and possible future directions for TB-PET data processing and analysis.For a review of clinical applications,please find the other review accompanying this paper.展开更多
A 53 year old male presented to his local doctor with an acute knee injury,limited knee movement and a haemoarthrosis.Patient did not have calf tenderness or clinical suspicion for deep vein thrombosis(DVT).He was ref...A 53 year old male presented to his local doctor with an acute knee injury,limited knee movement and a haemoarthrosis.Patient did not have calf tenderness or clinical suspicion for deep vein thrombosis(DVT).He was referred for a routine acute knee magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan.This MRI demonstrated a full thickness anterior cruciate ligament tear with additional findings,of a probable incidental DVT.The relevant MRI findings suggestive of DVT in this case included perivascular edema and expanded caliber of the involved medial gastronomical veins on the axial proton density fat suppressed sequence(Figure 1).展开更多
Dear Editor,Barry et al.'s study[1],“Physician Attitudes About Ultrasound‐Guided Procedures,”investigates clinicians'views on ultra-sound‐guided interventions and their openness to technological advancemen...Dear Editor,Barry et al.'s study[1],“Physician Attitudes About Ultrasound‐Guided Procedures,”investigates clinicians'views on ultra-sound‐guided interventions and their openness to technological advancements.The group surveyed 116 physicians and found that a majority(57.5%)disagreed that there was a steep learning curve for ultrasound‐guided procedures,and 85%felt confident in identifying anatomical structures under ultrasound.Attitudes toward supplemental software were mixed,though 55.4%sup-ported real‐time 3D reconstruction.Notably,physicians without formal training were significantly more receptive to additional software(p=0.0389).Radiologists perceived greater procedural complexity and were less enthusiastic about technological aids.These findings highlight a paradox:Ultrasound is perceived as accessible,but untrained clinicians may rely on technology to compensate for skill gaps.The study underscores the impor-tance of addressing training disparities and leveraging innova-tion to enhance procedural safety and efficiency.展开更多
A 42-year-old single woman presented to the Department of Gynecology with irregular vaginal bleeding with blood clots for the previous 2 months.She had no abdominal pain.Since the onset of symptoms,she had remained ch...A 42-year-old single woman presented to the Department of Gynecology with irregular vaginal bleeding with blood clots for the previous 2 months.She had no abdominal pain.Since the onset of symptoms,she had remained cheerful,and her general physical condition had not changed significantly.展开更多
Immunosuppressive cells are pivotal players in tumor progression by affecting the efficacy of conventional therapies and the prognosis of cancer patients.Visualization and real-time evaluation of these cells are very ...Immunosuppressive cells are pivotal players in tumor progression by affecting the efficacy of conventional therapies and the prognosis of cancer patients.Visualization and real-time evaluation of these cells are very important to achieve patient-oriented precision oncological medicine.Noninvasive imaging techniques are excellent tools for this purpose,and various molecular imaging probes have been developed to monitor these protumoral immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment.In this review,we provide a brief update on the biology of immunosuppressive cells and outline recent progress in their visualization.展开更多
A 53 year-old woman presented with a 4 year history of recurrent dizziness episodes.Each episode lasted approximately 1 week and was not accompanied by nausea,or vomiting.Comprehensive vestibular assessments,including...A 53 year-old woman presented with a 4 year history of recurrent dizziness episodes.Each episode lasted approximately 1 week and was not accompanied by nausea,or vomiting.Comprehensive vestibular assessments,including vestibular function tests,Dix-Hallpike maneuver,and the roll test,were all negative.The pa-tient reported no atherosclerotic risk factors,such as hyperten-sion,hyperlipidemia or diabetes mellitus,and her family history was unremarkable.General physical and neurological examina-tions were unremarkable.Central causes of dizziness were considered.A computed tomography angiography of the head revealed a plexiform configuration in the M1 segment of the right middle cerebral artery(MCA),with no other significant abnor-malities(Figure 1a).展开更多
Background:Congenital hepatic hemangioma(CHH)is a rare benign vascular tumor that occurs prenatally.However,only a few cases have been summarized and evaluated for the prenatal and postnatal imaging features of CHH,an...Background:Congenital hepatic hemangioma(CHH)is a rare benign vascular tumor that occurs prenatally.However,only a few cases have been summarized and evaluated for the prenatal and postnatal imaging features of CHH,and no studies have conducted long-term follow-up on it.This study aimed to explore the ultrasound and magnetic resonance features,growth patterns,and clinical outcomes of CHH.Methods:Thirty-six pregnancies with a prenatal fetal diagnosis and postnatal diagnosis of CHH were studied.CHHs were grouped into those with a diameter≥4 cm and those with a diameter<4 cm according to the largest diameter.Fisher's exact test was used to compare the imaging characteristics between the groups.The volume of CHHs was measured at each follow-up visit to plot the growth pattern of the tumors,and the volume of CHHs was compared before and after birth using a rank sum test analysis.Results:Thirty-three cases of CHHs were confirmed by postnatal imaging,and three were confirmed by a biopsy.Mixed echoes were more common in the diameter≥4 cm group than in the diameter<4 cm group(p=0.026).Complications were more likely to occur in the large-diameter group.Eighteen(54.5%)cases were classified as rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma,nine(27.3%)as partially involuting congenital hemangioma,and two(6.1%)as noninvoluting congenital hemangioma.A new type of CHH was identified in which four(12.1%)cases continued to proliferate after birth and spontaneously subsided in subsequent months.The CHH volume decreased with age and was significantly decreased at 9 months postnatal compared to birth(p=0.001).Conclusion:This study showed the imaging features of CHH were associated with the lesion size.Based on postnatal follow-up,a new type of CHH was identified.If there are no complications at birth in CHH cases,a good prognosis is indicated.展开更多
A 35-year-old woman with a history of regular menstruation presented with a positive urine pregnancy test and elevated blood human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations.Color Doppler ultrasound showed multiple slightl...A 35-year-old woman with a history of regular menstruation presented with a positive urine pregnancy test and elevated blood human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations.Color Doppler ultrasound showed multiple slightly hyperechoic areas within the uterine cavity.She was admitted to the hospital with a preliminary outpatient diagnosis of“suspected molar pregnancy,pending further evaluation.”展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:81871333,82260340Guizhou Province 7th Thousand Innovational and Enterprising Talents,Grant/Award Number:GZQ202007086+2 种基金2020 Innovation Group Project of Guizhou Province Educational Commission,Grant/Award Number:KY[2021]017Guizhou Province Science&Technology Project,Grant/Award Numbers:[2020]4Y159,[2021]430Guizhou Province Science&Technology Innovation Talent Team,Grant/Award Number:CXTD[2022]006。
文摘The success of immune checkpoint blockade has reaffirmed the importance of the immune system in cancer treatment.Immunotherapy enables the body's own immune system to fight tumor cells.However,the complex tumor microenvironment and its interaction with the immune system remain a mystery.The efficacy of immunotherapy is often affected by tumor heterogeneity.Molecular imaging techniques,such as single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography,enable noninvasive whole-body imaging of tumor and immune cell signatures.Noninvasive molecular imaging can also be used to monitor the treatment response of tumors,thereby achieving personalized response assessment,which may ultimately lead to improved clinical management,development of individualized treatments,and reliable prognosis.This article reviews recent research in immunotherapy response assessment,immune T-cell imaging,immune checkpoint imaging,and radiomics/radiogenomics in immunotherapy.To date,these studies have primarily comprised exploratory preclinical imaging with preliminary results indicating that biomarker molecular imaging may have a role to play in the assessment of immunotherapy.Therefore,the principle of selecting patients for immunotherapy based on imaging results is feasible.
文摘Concomitant fields are the unwanted transverse components that arise when spatial encoding gradients are applied in MRI.We measured the changing gradient magnetic field at multiple locations inside the scanner and examined the internal distribution and linearity of the three vector components of the field.Our results illustrate some not-so-obvious spatial characteristics of the gradient field,which can seem unintuitive at first glance,but are quite reasonable when considering electromagnetic theory and MRI-scanner physics constraints.
文摘In recent decades,maternal–fetal medicine has undergone substantial advancements in the management of high-risk pregnancies.These include enhanced prenatal screening and diagnosis facilitated by innovations in ultrasound imaging,as well as the advances in fetal medical and interventional therapies informed by the deeper understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying fetal and maternal disease processes.
文摘Motor neuron diseases(MNDs),such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),are a group of devastating and progressive neurodegenerative disorders that affect the upper and lower motor neurons(UMN and LMN)[1].Other forms of MND include primary lateral sclerosis(PLS),progressive muscular atrophy,progressive bulbar palsy,spinal muscular atrophy,and frontotemporal dementia-MND[2].Early and accurate diagnosis is crit-ical;yet the diagnosis and prognosis of MNDs are chal-lenging due to the complexity and heterogeneity of these diseases.Therefore,there is a need for sensitive,sugges-tive,and reliable biomarkers to detect and monitor the progression of neurodegeneration and neuro-inflammation in MNDs[1].
文摘Transthyretin amyloidosis(ATTR),a rare systemic disorder characterized by misfolded transthyretin(TTR)protein aggregation,predominantly affects the heart and peripheral nervous system.Central nervous system(CNS)involvement in ATTR,especially widespread leptomeningeal amyloidosis(LA),is exceedingly rare.Early diagnosis of CNS‐predominant ATTR is difficult due to nonspecific symptoms and low awareness.This study adopted a dual‐methodology:A single‐case analysis of a CNSpredominant hereditary ATTR(CNS‐ATTR)patient at a tertiary referral center and a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines.PubMed and Embase were systematically searched from the start to March 2025 using controlled vocabulary(MeSH/Emtree terms)and Boolean operators for reported CNS‐involved ATTR cases.A systematic review of 79 CNSATTR cases revealed universal leptomeningeal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)(77/79,97%)and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)protein elevation(66/79,84%).The index case(p.Gly73Ala)showed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement,grade 3 PYP uptake,and CSF protein 1.88 g/L.In summary,LA associated with ATTR is extremely scarce.A four‐tiered,protocolbased diagnostic algorithm is crucial for patients with unexplained leptomeningeal disorders.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.ZCLTGY24H0401)Technology Program of Jiaxing(Grant No.2024AD30125).
文摘Advances in fetal surgery techniques have enabled the treatment of certain congenital defects before birth.A critical area of focus is the role of perinatal imaging in optimizing prenatal interventions within the precision medicine framework.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is emerging as an indispensable tool for guiding these intricate procedures with the potential to significantly enhance the standard of care and outcomes for affected fetuses.This review begins with an overview of the classification and indications for fetal surgical interventions.It then explores the detailed applications of prenatal MRI scanning and diagnostic techniques across various categories of fetal surgery.A key focus is how fetal MRI provides critical insights into specific lesion characteristics and tissue involvement,thereby aiding healthcare professionals in selecting the optimal surgical strategies for prenatal and postnatal interventions.Fetal MRI offers detailed visualizations that complement traditional ultra-sound findings,enhancing the precision of radiological planning for fetal surgery.Finally,the review highlights how integration of fetal MRI into the decision-making process enables healthcare providers to make well-informed choices,ultimately improving the prognosis and outcomes for both the mother and fetus.
文摘The development of 7‐Tesla(7T)magnetic resonance imaging systems has opened new avenues for exploring the advantages of diffusion imaging at higher field strengths,especially in neuroscience research.This review investigates whether 7T diffusion imaging offers significant benefits over lower field strengths by addressing the following:Technical challenges and corresponding strategies:Challenges include achieving shorter transverse relaxation/effective transverse relaxation times and greater B0 and B1 inhomogeneities.Advanced techniques including high‐performance gradient systems,parallel imaging,multi‐shot acquisition,and parallel transmission can mitigate these issues.Comparison of 3‐Tesla and 7T diffusion imaging:Technologies such as multiplexed sensitivity encoding and deep learning reconstruction(DLR)have been developed to mitigate artifacts and improve image quality.This comparative analysis demonstrates significant improvements in the signal‐to‐noise ratio and spatial resolution at 7T with a powerful gradient system,facilitating enhanced visualization of microstructural changes.Despite greater geometric distortions and signal inhomogeneity at 7T,the system shows clear advantages in high b‐value imaging and highresolution diffusion tensor imaging.Additionally,multiplexed sensitivity encoding significantly reduces image blurring and distortion,and DLR substantially improves the signal‐to‐noise ratio and image sharpness.7T diffusion applications in structural analysis and disease characterization:This review discusses the potential applications of 7T diffusion imaging in structural analysis and disease characterization.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:81960338Science and Technology Projects of Guizhou Province,Grant/Award Numbers:Qiankehejichu-ZK[2022]422,Qiankehejichu-ZK[2023]353。
文摘The liver is a multifaceted organ that is responsible for many critical functions encompassing amino acid,carbohydrate,and lipid metabolism,all of which make a healthy liver essential for the human body.Contemporary imaging methodologies have remarkable diagnostic accuracy in discerning focal liver lesions;however,a comprehensive understanding of diffuse liver diseases is a requisite for radiologists to accurately diagnose or predict the progression of such lesions within clinical contexts.Nonetheless,the conventional attributes of radiological features,including morphology,size,margin,density,signal intensity,and echoes,limit their clinical utility.Radiomics is a widely used approach that is characterized by the extraction of copious image features from radiographic depictions,which gives it considerable potential in addressing this limitation.It is worth noting that functional or molecular alterations occur significantly prior to the morphological shifts discernible by imaging modalities.Consequently,the explication of potential mechanisms by multiomics analyses(encompassing genomics,epigenomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics)is essential for investigating putative signal pathway regulations from a radiological viewpoint.In this review,we elaborate on the principal pathological categorizations of diffuse liver diseases,the evaluation of multiomics approaches pertaining to diffuse liver diseases,and the prospective value of predictive models.Accordingly,the overarching objective of this review is to scrutinize the interrelations between radiological features and bioinformatics as well as to consider the development of prediction models predicated on radiobioinformatics as integral components of clinical decision support systems for diffuse liver diseases.
文摘Radiomics and machine learning(ML)are increasingly utilized to predict treatment response by uncovering latent information in medical images.This study systematically reviews radiomics studies on brain metastasis treated with stereotactic radio-surgery(SRS)and quantifies their radiomic quality score(RQS).A systematic search on Scopus,Web of Science,and PubMed was conducted to identify original studies on radiomics for predicting treatment response,adhering to predefined patient,intervention,comparator,and outcome(PICO)criteria.No restrictions were placed on language or publication date.Two in-dependent reviewers assessed eligible studies,and the RQS was calculated based on Lambin’s guidelines.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(PRISMA)2020 guidelines were followed.Seventeen studies involving 2744 patients met the inclusion criteria out of 200 identified.All studies were retrospective and utilizing various MRI scanners models with different field strength.The average RQS across studies was low(39.2%),with a maximum score of 19 points(52.7%).Radiomic-based models demonstrated superior predictive accuracy compared to clinical or visual assessment,with AUC values ranging from 0.74 to 0.92.Integration of clinical features such as Karnofsky performance status,dose,and isodose line further improved model performance.Deep learning models achieved the highest predictive accuracy,with AUC of 0.92.Radiomics demonstrate significant potential in predicting treatment outcomes with high accuracy,offering opportunities to advance personalized management for BM.To facilitate clinical adoption,future studies must prioritize adherence to standardized guidelines and robust model validation to ensure reproducibility.
基金Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:2023B1212060052Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee,Grant/Award Number:20220531100209020Guangdong Science and Technology Department,Grant/Award Number:2022A1515110716。
文摘Total-body positron emission tomography(TB-PET)has ultra-high sensitivity and the unique ability to conduct dynamic imaging of the entire body.Both the hardware configuration and the data acquired from a TB-PET scanner differ from those of the conventional short axial field-of-view scanners.Therefore,various aspects concerning data processing need careful consideration when implementing TB-PET in clinical settings.Additionally,advances in data analysis are needed to fully uncover the potential of these systems.Although some progress has been achieved,further research and innovation in scan data management are necessary.In this report,we provide a comprehensive overview of the current progress,challenges,and possible future directions for TB-PET data processing and analysis.For a review of clinical applications,please find the other review accompanying this paper.
文摘A 53 year old male presented to his local doctor with an acute knee injury,limited knee movement and a haemoarthrosis.Patient did not have calf tenderness or clinical suspicion for deep vein thrombosis(DVT).He was referred for a routine acute knee magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan.This MRI demonstrated a full thickness anterior cruciate ligament tear with additional findings,of a probable incidental DVT.The relevant MRI findings suggestive of DVT in this case included perivascular edema and expanded caliber of the involved medial gastronomical veins on the axial proton density fat suppressed sequence(Figure 1).
文摘Dear Editor,Barry et al.'s study[1],“Physician Attitudes About Ultrasound‐Guided Procedures,”investigates clinicians'views on ultra-sound‐guided interventions and their openness to technological advancements.The group surveyed 116 physicians and found that a majority(57.5%)disagreed that there was a steep learning curve for ultrasound‐guided procedures,and 85%felt confident in identifying anatomical structures under ultrasound.Attitudes toward supplemental software were mixed,though 55.4%sup-ported real‐time 3D reconstruction.Notably,physicians without formal training were significantly more receptive to additional software(p=0.0389).Radiologists perceived greater procedural complexity and were less enthusiastic about technological aids.These findings highlight a paradox:Ultrasound is perceived as accessible,but untrained clinicians may rely on technology to compensate for skill gaps.The study underscores the impor-tance of addressing training disparities and leveraging innova-tion to enhance procedural safety and efficiency.
文摘A 42-year-old single woman presented to the Department of Gynecology with irregular vaginal bleeding with blood clots for the previous 2 months.She had no abdominal pain.Since the onset of symptoms,she had remained cheerful,and her general physical condition had not changed significantly.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:91959119,81873903,82001871,82272041。
文摘Immunosuppressive cells are pivotal players in tumor progression by affecting the efficacy of conventional therapies and the prognosis of cancer patients.Visualization and real-time evaluation of these cells are very important to achieve patient-oriented precision oncological medicine.Noninvasive imaging techniques are excellent tools for this purpose,and various molecular imaging probes have been developed to monitor these protumoral immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment.In this review,we provide a brief update on the biology of immunosuppressive cells and outline recent progress in their visualization.
文摘A 53 year-old woman presented with a 4 year history of recurrent dizziness episodes.Each episode lasted approximately 1 week and was not accompanied by nausea,or vomiting.Comprehensive vestibular assessments,including vestibular function tests,Dix-Hallpike maneuver,and the roll test,were all negative.The pa-tient reported no atherosclerotic risk factors,such as hyperten-sion,hyperlipidemia or diabetes mellitus,and her family history was unremarkable.General physical and neurological examina-tions were unremarkable.Central causes of dizziness were considered.A computed tomography angiography of the head revealed a plexiform configuration in the M1 segment of the right middle cerebral artery(MCA),with no other significant abnor-malities(Figure 1a).
文摘Background:Congenital hepatic hemangioma(CHH)is a rare benign vascular tumor that occurs prenatally.However,only a few cases have been summarized and evaluated for the prenatal and postnatal imaging features of CHH,and no studies have conducted long-term follow-up on it.This study aimed to explore the ultrasound and magnetic resonance features,growth patterns,and clinical outcomes of CHH.Methods:Thirty-six pregnancies with a prenatal fetal diagnosis and postnatal diagnosis of CHH were studied.CHHs were grouped into those with a diameter≥4 cm and those with a diameter<4 cm according to the largest diameter.Fisher's exact test was used to compare the imaging characteristics between the groups.The volume of CHHs was measured at each follow-up visit to plot the growth pattern of the tumors,and the volume of CHHs was compared before and after birth using a rank sum test analysis.Results:Thirty-three cases of CHHs were confirmed by postnatal imaging,and three were confirmed by a biopsy.Mixed echoes were more common in the diameter≥4 cm group than in the diameter<4 cm group(p=0.026).Complications were more likely to occur in the large-diameter group.Eighteen(54.5%)cases were classified as rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma,nine(27.3%)as partially involuting congenital hemangioma,and two(6.1%)as noninvoluting congenital hemangioma.A new type of CHH was identified in which four(12.1%)cases continued to proliferate after birth and spontaneously subsided in subsequent months.The CHH volume decreased with age and was significantly decreased at 9 months postnatal compared to birth(p=0.001).Conclusion:This study showed the imaging features of CHH were associated with the lesion size.Based on postnatal follow-up,a new type of CHH was identified.If there are no complications at birth in CHH cases,a good prognosis is indicated.
文摘A 35-year-old woman with a history of regular menstruation presented with a positive urine pregnancy test and elevated blood human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations.Color Doppler ultrasound showed multiple slightly hyperechoic areas within the uterine cavity.She was admitted to the hospital with a preliminary outpatient diagnosis of“suspected molar pregnancy,pending further evaluation.”
