In the present day,there is a growing trend of employing new strategies to synthesize hybrid nanoparticles,which involve combining various functionalities into a single nanocomposite system.These modern methods differ...In the present day,there is a growing trend of employing new strategies to synthesize hybrid nanoparticles,which involve combining various functionalities into a single nanocomposite system.These modern methods differ significantly from the traditional classical approaches and have emerged at the forefront of materials science.The fabrication of hybrid nanomaterials presents an unparalleled opportunity for applica-tions in a wide range of areas,including therapy to diagnosis.The focus of this review article is to shed light on the different modalities of hybrid nanoparticles,providing a concise description of hybrid silver nano-particles,exploring various modes of synthesis and classification of hybrid silver nanoparticles,and highlighting their advantages.Addi-tionally,we discussed core-shell silver nanoparticles and various types of core and shell combinations based on the material category,such as dielectric,metal,or semiconductor.The two primary classes of hybrid silver nanoparticles were also reviewed.Furthermore,various hybrid nanoparticles and their methods of synthesis were discussed but we emphasize silica as a suitable candidate for hybridization alongside metal nanoparticles.This choice is due to its hydrophilic surface qualities and high surface charge,which provide the desired repulsive forces to minimize aggregation between the metal nanoparticles in the liquid solution.Silica shell encapsulation also provides chemical inertness,robustness and the adaptability to the desired hybrid nanoparticle.Therefore,among all the materials used to coat metal nanoparticles;silica is highly approved.展开更多
Ammonia is a crucial raw ingredient used in the manufacturing of fer-tilizers and pharmaceuticals,which are major sectors of the national economy in the chemical and agricultural industries.The conventional Haber–Bos...Ammonia is a crucial raw ingredient used in the manufacturing of fer-tilizers and pharmaceuticals,which are major sectors of the national economy in the chemical and agricultural industries.The conventional Haber–Bosch method is still in use in the industry today to manufacture NH3,and the production process emits a significant quantity of CO_(2),which does not match the current standards for the achievement of carbon neutrality.The nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)technology has garnered a lot of attention lately because of its benefits,which include being environmentally friendly,sustainable,and able to function in mild environments.However,NRR is still in its early stages of development and confronts numerous difficult issues,including slow reaction kinetics,low ammonia yield rates and Faradaic efficiency(FE),and a dearth of effective research on nitrogen fixation as a whole.This paper aims to promote the industrialization of NRR,summarizing the progress of iron‐based catalysts,including single atomic catalysts,organic frameworks,metal oxides the,and alloys.Eventually,this paper discusses the strate-gies for improving NH3 yield rates and FE,improving reaction kinetics,and building a sustainable overall nitrogen fixation system.The deve-lopment of iron‐based catalysts in other fields has also been prospected.展开更多
The escalating accumulation of plastic waste has been developed into a formidable global environmental challenge.Traditional disposal methods such as landfilling and incineration not only exacerbate environmental degr...The escalating accumulation of plastic waste has been developed into a formidable global environmental challenge.Traditional disposal methods such as landfilling and incineration not only exacerbate environmental degradation by releasing harmful chemicals and greenhouse gases,but also squander finite resources that could otherwise be recycled or repurposed.Upcycling is a kind of plastic recycling technology that converts plastic waste into high-value chemicals and helps to avoid resource waste and environmental pollution.Electrocatalytic upcycling emerges as a novel technology distinguished by its mild operational conditions,high transformation efficiency and product selectivity.This review commences with an overview of the recycling and upcycling technology employed in plastic waste management and the respective advantages and inherent limitations are also delineated.The different types of plastic waste upcycled by electrocatalytic strategy are then discussed and the plastic waste transformation process is examined together with the mechanisms underlying the electrocatalytic upcycling.Furthermore,the structure-activity relationships between electrocatalysts and plastic waste upcycling performance are also elucidated.The review aims to furnish readers with a comprehensive understanding of the electrocatalytic techniques for plastic waste upcycling and to provide a guidance for the design of electrocatalysts towards efficient plastic waste transformation.展开更多
The progress of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries faces several challenges in zinc electrode technologies.Nevertheless,MXenes exhibit versatile functionalities,such as tunable terminal groups,excellent conductivity,and dive...The progress of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries faces several challenges in zinc electrode technologies.Nevertheless,MXenes exhibit versatile functionalities,such as tunable terminal groups,excellent conductivity,and diverse chemical composition,making them highly suitable for integration into aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.This review highlights recent breakthroughs in employing MXenes to enhance the stability of zinc anodes,encompassing strategies such as protective coatings,incorpo-ration of MXenes into zinc frameworks,and electrolyte enhancements.By employing these novel methods,researchers seek to tackle crucial issues concerning the stability and efficiency of zinc electrodes,thus promoting the commercial viability of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.展开更多
Photo‐/electro‐catalysis has the characteristics of low cost,high perfor-mance,and zero pollution,which meet the policies on environment and energy.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs),a type of crystalline organic ske...Photo‐/electro‐catalysis has the characteristics of low cost,high perfor-mance,and zero pollution,which meet the policies on environment and energy.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs),a type of crystalline organic skeleton polymers,have been widely applied and investigated in the area of photo‐/electro‐catalysis owing to their advantages of large specific surface area,regular pore size,excellent stability,flexible structural design,and massive active sites.This article reviews the structural characteristics of COFs and the strategies for strengthening the photo‐/electro‐catalytic activity of COF materials.Subsequently,deep insights were put into the photo‐/electro‐catalysis application of COF materials.In the end,the development prospects and challenges faced by COF materials in photo‐/electro‐catalysis are discussed.展开更多
Solid-state lithium-metal batteries based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVH)are frequently proposed to address the detrimental safety issue of conventional lithium-ion batteries by eliminating th...Solid-state lithium-metal batteries based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVH)are frequently proposed to address the detrimental safety issue of conventional lithium-ion batteries by eliminating the use of flammable solvents,but still face a key challenge:low capacity and sluggish charge/discharge rate due to the intrinsic large-gradient Li^(+)distribution across the ionically-inert PVH matrix.Herein,Te vacancies in form of Bi_(2)Te_(3-x) are proposed to polarize the PVH unit to realize efficient decoupling of lithium salts at the atomic level in PVH-based solid polymeric electrolyte.Te vacancies in the PVH electrolyte doped with Bi_(2)Te_(3-x)(PVBT)induce a high-throughput and homogenous Li^(+)flow within the PVH matrices and near the Li metal.Theoretical calculations show that Te vacancies own high adsorption energy with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anions(TFSI^(-)),repulsive effect on Li^(+),and localized electron distribution,giving rise to a lithium-ion concentration gradient of 30 mol m^(-3),the smallest among the PVH-based inorganic/organic composite electrolytes.Consequently,the polarized electrolyte owns an unprecedented high-rate battery capacity of 114 mAh g^(-1)at~700 mA g^(-1)and also superior capacity performances with a cathode loading of 12 mg cm^(-2),outperforming the state-of-art PVH-based inorganic/organic composite electrolytes in Li||LiFePO_(4)battery.The work demonstrates an efficient strategy for achieving fast Liþdiffusion dynamics across polymeric matrices of classic solid-state electrolytes.展开更多
Surge current(SC)capability is one of the main aspects of reliability for silicon carbide(SiC)power devices.In this work,the influences of neutron radiation‐induced defects on the SC capability and reliability of Si...Surge current(SC)capability is one of the main aspects of reliability for silicon carbide(SiC)power devices.In this work,the influences of neutron radiation‐induced defects on the SC capability and reliability of SiC P‐intrinsic‐N(PiN)diodes were comprehensively investigated.It was found that the surge capability of the diodes can be deteriorated even under the slightly enhanced formation of carbon‐vacancy‐related Z_(1/2) and EH_(6/7 )defects introduced by neutron irradiation.Surprisingly,it was found that the forward voltage(V_(F))decreases with the increased SC and the stress cycles in the irradiated diodes,which is usually found to in-crease under the SC tests and attributed to the bipolar degradation(BPD).By using technology computer‐aided design simulation and deep‐level transient spectroscopy characterization,it was found that the sig-nificant self‐heating during surge stress leads to the annealing effect on the Z_(1/2) defects through the promoted recombination with the nearest and second neighbor carbon interstitials injected by irradiation,which thus plays a dominant role in the decrease of VF over the BPD.展开更多
The Li metal anode emerges as a formidable competitor among anode materials for lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries;nevertheless,safety issues pose a significant hurdle in its path toward commercial viability.This review en...The Li metal anode emerges as a formidable competitor among anode materials for lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries;nevertheless,safety issues pose a significant hurdle in its path toward commercial viability.This review enumerates three historical challenges inherent to the Li metal anode:unavoidable volume expansion,multifunctional solid electrolyte interface formation,and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth.In particular,when paired with a sulfur cathode,the Li anode presents an additional unique hurdle:the shuttle effect.To address these issues,this article offers a thorough examination of the latest innovations aimed at stabilizing the Li metal anode within Li-S batteries.We categorize these approaches into five classifications:liquid electrolyte optimization,enhancement of non-liquid-state electrolytes,Li metal surface modification,Li anode architecture design,and Li alloy improvement.For several noteworthy results within these categories,we have compiled their electrochemical performance into tables,facilitating direct comparison.This detailed analysis illuminates feasible strategies and suggests directions warranting further exploration for optimizing the capability and safety of Li metal anodes in Li-S batteries.展开更多
Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting presents a promising route for sustainable hydrogen production,yet the efficiency of metal oxide photoanodes remains limited by suboptimal light absorption,charge carrier recom...Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting presents a promising route for sustainable hydrogen production,yet the efficiency of metal oxide photoanodes remains limited by suboptimal light absorption,charge carrier recombination,and sluggish surface reaction kinetics.This review critically examines the strategic engineering of oxygen vacancies(OVs)as a powerful tool for overcoming these intrinsic limitations.We systematically analyze established methodologies for the deliberate introduction and modulation of OVs in metal oxides,including techniques such as the hydrothermal method,thermal treatment,chemical reduction,plasma processing,elemental doping,and microwave heating.Furthermore,we critically evaluate the applicability,strengths,and limitations of key characterization techniques for detecting and quantifying OVs.Crucially,the review delves into the profound mechanistic impacts of OVs on the PEC process chain:Their roles in tailoring electronic band structures to alter the photoelectrochemical properties of metal oxide photoanodes,thereby enhancing visible light absorption,acting as shallow donors to improve charge carrier density,functioning as electron traps to suppress bulk recombination,and modifying surface states to accelerate the oxygen evolution reaction.We also present detailed case studies focusing on five prominent photoanode materials:TiO_(2),α-Fe_(2)O_(3),BiVO_(4),WO_(3),and ZnFe_(2)O_(4).This review elucidates the specific roles and operational principles of OVs within these materials and summarizes the intrinsic relationship among OV generation,characterization,and functional enhancement,providing valuable insights for the rational design of OV-engineered photoanodes toward efficient solar fuel production.展开更多
Photocathodic protection(PCP)is arguably an ideal alternative technology to the conventional electrochemical cathodic protection methods for corrosion mitigation of metallic infrastructure due to its eco-friendliness ...Photocathodic protection(PCP)is arguably an ideal alternative technology to the conventional electrochemical cathodic protection methods for corrosion mitigation of metallic infrastructure due to its eco-friendliness and low-energy-consumption,but the construction of highlyefficient PCP systems still remains challenging,caused primarily by the lack of driving force to guide the charge flow through the whole PCP photoanodes.Here,we tackle this key issue by equipping the PCP photoanode with ferroelectric single-domain PbTiO_(3)nanoplates,which can form a directional“macroscopic electric field”throughout the entire photoanode controllable by external polarization.The properly poled PCP photoanode allows the photogenerated electrons and holes to migrate in opposite directions,that is,electrons to the protected metal and holes to the photoanode/electrolyte interface,leading to largely suppressed charge annihilation and consequently a considerable boost in the overall solar energy conversion efficiency of the PCP system.The as-fabricated photoanode can not only supply sufficient photocurrent to 304 stainless steel to initiate cathodic protection,but also shift the metal potential to the corrosion-free range.Our findings provide a viable design strategy for future high-performance PCP systems based on ferroelectric nanomaterials with enhanced charge flow manipulation.展开更多
Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)bone cement is the earliest and most widely used in clinical applications.However,PMMA bone cement has high hardness and high modulus,which leads to secondary fracture of adjacent vertebra...Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)bone cement is the earliest and most widely used in clinical applications.However,PMMA bone cement has high hardness and high modulus,which leads to secondary fracture of adjacent vertebrae.In this study,a PMMA/polylactic acid(PLA)/carbon nanotube(CNT)compound bone cement with decreased compression modulus is developed for overcoming the limitation of PMMA commercial bone cement(CBC).Compared with CBC,the compression modulus of composite PMMA/PLA/CNT bone cements is reduced from 893.34 MPa(CBC)to 487.25 MPa(54.54% of the CBC),which is beneficial for reducing stress concentration at the bone implantation site.The cytotoxicity studies also indicate that the prepared composite cements are nontoxic and harmless,which has the necessary condition for orthopedic clinical applications.展开更多
The widespread deployment of rechargeable lithium-,sodium-,and potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)is critically constrained by safety concerns,particularly those associated with the flammability of conventional carbonate-ba...The widespread deployment of rechargeable lithium-,sodium-,and potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)is critically constrained by safety concerns,particularly those associated with the flammability of conventional carbonate-based electrolytes.In response,the development of non-flammable electrolyte systems has emerged as a key strategy to mitigate thermal runaway risks and ensure the safe operation of energy storage devices.This review provided a comprehensive overview of recent advances in nonflammable electrolytes,with a focus on their chemical design,thermal stability,electrochemical performance,and compatibility with battery components.Various classes of flame-retardant materials were systematically examined,including organophosphorus compounds,halogenated solvents,ionic liquids,aqueous systems,and solid-state electrolytes.Special attention was given to the molecular mechanisms underlying flame suppression and interfacial stability,as well as strategies for balancing safety with high energy density.By summarizing state-of-the-art developments and identifying remaining challenges,including cost-effectiveness,compatibility with high-voltage electrodes,and long-term cycling stability,this review aimed to guide the rational design of intrinsically safe,high-performance battery systems for next-generation energy technologies.展开更多
V-pits have been intensively studied for their role in light-emitting diodes(LEDs).The coverage of V-pits in InGaN/GaN multiquantum wells(MQWs)is critical for suppressing leakage path through electron blocking layer(E...V-pits have been intensively studied for their role in light-emitting diodes(LEDs).The coverage of V-pits in InGaN/GaN multiquantum wells(MQWs)is critical for suppressing leakage path through electron blocking layer(EBL).In this study,we have investigated the coverage of V-pits in green mini-LEDs modulated via growth parameters optimization and systematically analyzed the characteristics of the photoelectric properties associated with V-pits coverage on device.Elevated temperatures and pressures result in enhanced adatoms migration,which can achieve a coverage up to 98.8% of V-pits,improving the crystal quality due to stable surface.Electrical characterization reveals that although high-coverage devices exhibit suppressed leakage current,their peak external quantum efficiency(EQE)decreases,more seriously spectral blue shift and operating voltage increase due to compromised hole transport uniformity.Intriguingly,intermediate-coverage samples demonstrate superior breakdown voltage characteristics.Current-voltage curve analysis shows the ideality factor increases from 1.8 to 2.5 with improved coverage,indicating aggravated Shockley-Read-Hall(SRH)recombination with covered V-pits.展开更多
Conventional approaches for developing new materials may no longer be adequate to meet the urgent needs of humanity's energy transition.The emergence of machine learning(ML)and artificial intelligence(AI)has led m...Conventional approaches for developing new materials may no longer be adequate to meet the urgent needs of humanity's energy transition.The emergence of machine learning(ML)and artificial intelligence(AI)has led materials scientists to recognize the potential of using AI/ML to accelerate the creation of new battery materials.Although fixed material properties have been extensively studied as descriptors to establish the link between AI and materials chemistry,they often lack versatility and accuracy due to a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms of AI/ML.Therefore,materials scientists need to have a comprehensive understanding of the operational mechanisms and learning logic of AI/ML to design more accurate descriptors.This paper provides a review of previous research studies conducted on AI,ML,and descriptors,which have been used to address challenges at various levels,ranging from materials development to battery performance prediction.Additionally,it introduces the basics of AI and ML to assist materials and battery developers in comprehending their operational mechanisms.The paper demonstrates the significance of precise and suitable ML descriptors in the creation of new battery materials.It does so by providing examples,summarizing current descriptors and ML algorithms,and examining the potential implications of future AI advancements for the sustainable energy industry.展开更多
Semiconductor-based solar-driven water splitting technology is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach for the production of clean fuels.The overall solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of semiconductorbased p...Semiconductor-based solar-driven water splitting technology is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach for the production of clean fuels.The overall solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of semiconductorbased photo(electro)catalysts is jointly determined by factors,such as light absorption efficiency of the photo(electro)catalysts,internal separation efficiency of charge carriers,and injection efficiency of surface charges.However,the traditional improvement strategies,such as morphology control,functional layer modification,and band alignment engineering,still have certain limitations in enhancing the conversion efficiency of the photo(electro)catalytic water splitting.Recently,unconventional enhancement strategies based on surface plasmonic effects,piezoelectric effects,thermoelectric effects,and magnetic effects have provided unique pathways for improving the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of photo(electro)catalysts.Therefore,this review outlines the fundamental concepts of these physical effects and elucidates their intrinsic mechanisms in enhancing the efficiency of photo(electro)catalysts for water splitting process through practical application examples.Ultimately,the future development of unconventional strategies for enhancing photo(electro)catalytic water splitting is envisioned.展开更多
Optically responsive composite materials hold significant promise for in vivo diagnostics and targeted therapies.Rare-earthdoped upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs),renowned for their unique luminescence properties,larg...Optically responsive composite materials hold significant promise for in vivo diagnostics and targeted therapies.Rare-earthdoped upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs),renowned for their unique luminescence properties,large anti-Stokes shift,excellent biocompatibility,and deep tissue penetration,have emerged as highly promising candidates for advanced phototherapy in biological systems.This review first explores the fundamental mechanisms of upconversion luminescence,as well as synthesis,surface modification,and design strategies to brighten upconversion.It then highlights recent advances and key applications of UCNPs in biological therapy,including upconversion-mediated phototherapy,multimodal therapeutic approaches,and image-guided therapy and surgery.Finally,it discusses the current challenges and opportunities in both fundamental research and clinical translation,providing theoretical insights and practical guidance to support the broader application of UCNPs in biological therapy and clinical medicine.展开更多
Transition metal oxides(TMOs)are widely explored as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage owing to their rich redox activity,tunable oxidation states,and high theoretical capacitance.However,conventio...Transition metal oxides(TMOs)are widely explored as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage owing to their rich redox activity,tunable oxidation states,and high theoretical capacitance.However,conventional synthesis routes often rely on toxic chemicals,high-temperature processing,and energy-intensive steps,limiting their sustainability and large-scale applicability.This review highlights recent progress in green synthesis approaches,particularly plant-mediated,microbial,and agro-waste-derived methods that use environmentally benign reducing and stabilizing agents to produce nanostructured TMOs.These green routes enable controlled morphology,enhanced porosity,and defect-rich architectures,resulting in improved charge storage,rate capability,and cycling stability.A comparative assessment of green-synthesized and conventionally prepared TMOs is provided,along with insights into synthesis mechanisms,advantages,limitations,and performance trends.Green chemistry-based strategies show strong potential for developing high-performance,scalable,and eco-friendly electrode materials for next-generation supercapacitors and batteries.展开更多
In_(2)O_(3)-based TFTs have garnered widespread attention due to their higher mobilities than amorphous silicon.Previous studies have indicated that rare earth doping can enhance the NBIS stability of TFTs,but this of...In_(2)O_(3)-based TFTs have garnered widespread attention due to their higher mobilities than amorphous silicon.Previous studies have indicated that rare earth doping can enhance the NBIS stability of TFTs,but this often results in a decrease in mobility.To improve the mobility of TFTs while maintaining stability,we incorporated Mo and Pr into In_(2)O_(3),fabricating InPrMoO TFTs.Mo doping is believed to positively affect In_(2)O_(3)through reducing porosity and defects.Pr doping has been proposed as a potential strategy to enhance the NBIS stability of In_(2)O_(3).A nondestructiveμPCD detector was employed to characterize the local defect states of the film.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data demonstrate that the InPrMoO film with 0.8 mol%Mo doping has the lowest concentration of oxygen vacancies(Vo).TFTs fabricated using the InPrMoO film doped with an optimized concentration of 0.8 mol%Mo exhibit superior electrical properties(μ_(sat)=12.2 cm^(2)/V·s,V_(th)=1.6 V,I_(on)/I_(off)=2.17×10^(6),and SS=0.47 V/dec)and the minimalΔVth under NBS/PBS/NBIS=−0.65 V/0.79 V/−0.70 V.The synergistic effect of Mo and Pr doping has led to enhanced film uniformity and density,consequently improving the mobility and stability of the TFTs.To tackle the challenge of predicting optimal process parameters,a multiobjective prediction model integrating physical models and machine learning was developed.The predicted optimal parameters(0.78 mol%Mo doping,381℃ annealing)were experimentally verified,yielding<5%relative error in most film properties.The prepared TFT exhibits a mobility of 13.5 cm^(2)/V·s(10.6%improvement),an on/off current ratio of 3.82�106,and an SS of 0.40 V/dec,demonstrating superior efficiency over conventional trial-and-error methods.展开更多
Diamond is an ultimate semiconductor with exceptional physical and chemical properties,such as an ultra‐wide bandgap,excellent carrier mobility,extreme thermal conductivity,and stability,making it highly desirable fo...Diamond is an ultimate semiconductor with exceptional physical and chemical properties,such as an ultra‐wide bandgap,excellent carrier mobility,extreme thermal conductivity,and stability,making it highly desirable for various applications including power electronics,sensors,and optoelectronic devices.However,the challenge lies in growing the large‐size and high‐quality single‐crystal diamond films,which are crucial for realizing the full potential of this wonder material.Hetero-epitaxial growth has emerged as a promising approach to achieve single‐crystal diamond wafers with large sizes of up to 3 inches and controlled electrical properties.This review provides an overview of the advance-ments in diamond heteroepitaxy using microwave plasma‐assisted chemical vapor deposition,including the mechanism of heteroepitaxial growth,selection of substrates,film optimization,chemistry of defects,and doping.Moreover,recent progress on the device applications and perspectives is also discussed.展开更多
Porous coordination polymers(PCPs)or metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)hold promise as photocatalyst candidates for the remediation of toxic metal ions and organic pollutants.However,they often exhibit inferior removal an...Porous coordination polymers(PCPs)or metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)hold promise as photocatalyst candidates for the remediation of toxic metal ions and organic pollutants.However,they often exhibit inferior removal and catalytic efficiency due to the rapid recombination of photoexcited electrons and holes.This review presents synthetic strategies for MOFs and MOFbased composites and elucidates the underlying mechanisms for the photocatalytic reduction of metal ions and degradation of organic pollutants.Furthermore,this review highlights the opportunities,challenges,and future perspectives of MOFs and MOF composite photocatalysts,aiming to design more innovative MOF-based photocatalytic systems using green and sustainable strategies.It is anticipated that this review will serve as a guide for the systematic development and optimization of highly efficient MOF-based photocatalysts.展开更多
文摘In the present day,there is a growing trend of employing new strategies to synthesize hybrid nanoparticles,which involve combining various functionalities into a single nanocomposite system.These modern methods differ significantly from the traditional classical approaches and have emerged at the forefront of materials science.The fabrication of hybrid nanomaterials presents an unparalleled opportunity for applica-tions in a wide range of areas,including therapy to diagnosis.The focus of this review article is to shed light on the different modalities of hybrid nanoparticles,providing a concise description of hybrid silver nano-particles,exploring various modes of synthesis and classification of hybrid silver nanoparticles,and highlighting their advantages.Addi-tionally,we discussed core-shell silver nanoparticles and various types of core and shell combinations based on the material category,such as dielectric,metal,or semiconductor.The two primary classes of hybrid silver nanoparticles were also reviewed.Furthermore,various hybrid nanoparticles and their methods of synthesis were discussed but we emphasize silica as a suitable candidate for hybridization alongside metal nanoparticles.This choice is due to its hydrophilic surface qualities and high surface charge,which provide the desired repulsive forces to minimize aggregation between the metal nanoparticles in the liquid solution.Silica shell encapsulation also provides chemical inertness,robustness and the adaptability to the desired hybrid nanoparticle.Therefore,among all the materials used to coat metal nanoparticles;silica is highly approved.
基金Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:BK20190460National Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:92163124,51888103,52006105Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Numbers:30920041113,30921013103。
文摘Ammonia is a crucial raw ingredient used in the manufacturing of fer-tilizers and pharmaceuticals,which are major sectors of the national economy in the chemical and agricultural industries.The conventional Haber–Bosch method is still in use in the industry today to manufacture NH3,and the production process emits a significant quantity of CO_(2),which does not match the current standards for the achievement of carbon neutrality.The nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)technology has garnered a lot of attention lately because of its benefits,which include being environmentally friendly,sustainable,and able to function in mild environments.However,NRR is still in its early stages of development and confronts numerous difficult issues,including slow reaction kinetics,low ammonia yield rates and Faradaic efficiency(FE),and a dearth of effective research on nitrogen fixation as a whole.This paper aims to promote the industrialization of NRR,summarizing the progress of iron‐based catalysts,including single atomic catalysts,organic frameworks,metal oxides the,and alloys.Eventually,this paper discusses the strate-gies for improving NH3 yield rates and FE,improving reaction kinetics,and building a sustainable overall nitrogen fixation system.The deve-lopment of iron‐based catalysts in other fields has also been prospected.
基金Chilean ANID Anillo-ATE220014,Fondecyt-1220228,and Fondef-ID23I10085 projectsNational Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52122312Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology,China,Grant/Award Number:21ZR1480000。
文摘The escalating accumulation of plastic waste has been developed into a formidable global environmental challenge.Traditional disposal methods such as landfilling and incineration not only exacerbate environmental degradation by releasing harmful chemicals and greenhouse gases,but also squander finite resources that could otherwise be recycled or repurposed.Upcycling is a kind of plastic recycling technology that converts plastic waste into high-value chemicals and helps to avoid resource waste and environmental pollution.Electrocatalytic upcycling emerges as a novel technology distinguished by its mild operational conditions,high transformation efficiency and product selectivity.This review commences with an overview of the recycling and upcycling technology employed in plastic waste management and the respective advantages and inherent limitations are also delineated.The different types of plastic waste upcycled by electrocatalytic strategy are then discussed and the plastic waste transformation process is examined together with the mechanisms underlying the electrocatalytic upcycling.Furthermore,the structure-activity relationships between electrocatalysts and plastic waste upcycling performance are also elucidated.The review aims to furnish readers with a comprehensive understanding of the electrocatalytic techniques for plastic waste upcycling and to provide a guidance for the design of electrocatalysts towards efficient plastic waste transformation.
基金Talent Recruitment Project of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:2019QN01C883Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Project,Grant/Award Number:JCYJ20220818102402004+1 种基金Shenzhen Sauvage Nobel Laureate Laboratory for Smart MaterialsHIT‐CityU Joint Laboratory on Zinc‐based Batteries。
文摘The progress of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries faces several challenges in zinc electrode technologies.Nevertheless,MXenes exhibit versatile functionalities,such as tunable terminal groups,excellent conductivity,and diverse chemical composition,making them highly suitable for integration into aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.This review highlights recent breakthroughs in employing MXenes to enhance the stability of zinc anodes,encompassing strategies such as protective coatings,incorpo-ration of MXenes into zinc frameworks,and electrolyte enhancements.By employing these novel methods,researchers seek to tackle crucial issues concerning the stability and efficiency of zinc electrodes,thus promoting the commercial viability of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21878322,22075309,22378413,52303288Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences+1 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,Grant/Award Numbers:22ZR1470100,23DZ1202600,23DZ1201804Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Grant/Award Number:2022LHA09。
文摘Photo‐/electro‐catalysis has the characteristics of low cost,high perfor-mance,and zero pollution,which meet the policies on environment and energy.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs),a type of crystalline organic skeleton polymers,have been widely applied and investigated in the area of photo‐/electro‐catalysis owing to their advantages of large specific surface area,regular pore size,excellent stability,flexible structural design,and massive active sites.This article reviews the structural characteristics of COFs and the strategies for strengthening the photo‐/electro‐catalytic activity of COF materials.Subsequently,deep insights were put into the photo‐/electro‐catalysis application of COF materials.In the end,the development prospects and challenges faced by COF materials in photo‐/electro‐catalysis are discussed.
基金supported by Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Key Project,CSTB2023TIAD-KPX0010Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Major Project,CSTB2023TIAD-STX0033+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0246,CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1572,CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0310)the Science Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments.
文摘Solid-state lithium-metal batteries based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVH)are frequently proposed to address the detrimental safety issue of conventional lithium-ion batteries by eliminating the use of flammable solvents,but still face a key challenge:low capacity and sluggish charge/discharge rate due to the intrinsic large-gradient Li^(+)distribution across the ionically-inert PVH matrix.Herein,Te vacancies in form of Bi_(2)Te_(3-x) are proposed to polarize the PVH unit to realize efficient decoupling of lithium salts at the atomic level in PVH-based solid polymeric electrolyte.Te vacancies in the PVH electrolyte doped with Bi_(2)Te_(3-x)(PVBT)induce a high-throughput and homogenous Li^(+)flow within the PVH matrices and near the Li metal.Theoretical calculations show that Te vacancies own high adsorption energy with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anions(TFSI^(-)),repulsive effect on Li^(+),and localized electron distribution,giving rise to a lithium-ion concentration gradient of 30 mol m^(-3),the smallest among the PVH-based inorganic/organic composite electrolytes.Consequently,the polarized electrolyte owns an unprecedented high-rate battery capacity of 114 mAh g^(-1)at~700 mA g^(-1)and also superior capacity performances with a cathode loading of 12 mg cm^(-2),outperforming the state-of-art PVH-based inorganic/organic composite electrolytes in Li||LiFePO_(4)battery.The work demonstrates an efficient strategy for achieving fast Liþdiffusion dynamics across polymeric matrices of classic solid-state electrolytes.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:12275244。
文摘Surge current(SC)capability is one of the main aspects of reliability for silicon carbide(SiC)power devices.In this work,the influences of neutron radiation‐induced defects on the SC capability and reliability of SiC P‐intrinsic‐N(PiN)diodes were comprehensively investigated.It was found that the surge capability of the diodes can be deteriorated even under the slightly enhanced formation of carbon‐vacancy‐related Z_(1/2) and EH_(6/7 )defects introduced by neutron irradiation.Surprisingly,it was found that the forward voltage(V_(F))decreases with the increased SC and the stress cycles in the irradiated diodes,which is usually found to in-crease under the SC tests and attributed to the bipolar degradation(BPD).By using technology computer‐aided design simulation and deep‐level transient spectroscopy characterization,it was found that the sig-nificant self‐heating during surge stress leads to the annealing effect on the Z_(1/2) defects through the promoted recombination with the nearest and second neighbor carbon interstitials injected by irradiation,which thus plays a dominant role in the decrease of VF over the BPD.
基金Project on Carbon Emission Peak and Neutrality of Jiangsu Province,Grant/Award Number:BE2022031-4Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Numbers:2242023R10001,2242022K40001+2 种基金Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University,Grant/Award Numbers:RF1028623005,RF1028623081National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52372180,22279016,22005092,52073143,52131306Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,Grant/Award Number:2021JJ40046。
文摘The Li metal anode emerges as a formidable competitor among anode materials for lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries;nevertheless,safety issues pose a significant hurdle in its path toward commercial viability.This review enumerates three historical challenges inherent to the Li metal anode:unavoidable volume expansion,multifunctional solid electrolyte interface formation,and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth.In particular,when paired with a sulfur cathode,the Li anode presents an additional unique hurdle:the shuttle effect.To address these issues,this article offers a thorough examination of the latest innovations aimed at stabilizing the Li metal anode within Li-S batteries.We categorize these approaches into five classifications:liquid electrolyte optimization,enhancement of non-liquid-state electrolytes,Li metal surface modification,Li anode architecture design,and Li alloy improvement.For several noteworthy results within these categories,we have compiled their electrochemical performance into tables,facilitating direct comparison.This detailed analysis illuminates feasible strategies and suggests directions warranting further exploration for optimizing the capability and safety of Li metal anodes in Li-S batteries.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52204323 and 52074130)Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Shanghai(25ZR1401378)the Hundred Talents Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(E2XBRD1001)for financial support.
文摘Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting presents a promising route for sustainable hydrogen production,yet the efficiency of metal oxide photoanodes remains limited by suboptimal light absorption,charge carrier recombination,and sluggish surface reaction kinetics.This review critically examines the strategic engineering of oxygen vacancies(OVs)as a powerful tool for overcoming these intrinsic limitations.We systematically analyze established methodologies for the deliberate introduction and modulation of OVs in metal oxides,including techniques such as the hydrothermal method,thermal treatment,chemical reduction,plasma processing,elemental doping,and microwave heating.Furthermore,we critically evaluate the applicability,strengths,and limitations of key characterization techniques for detecting and quantifying OVs.Crucially,the review delves into the profound mechanistic impacts of OVs on the PEC process chain:Their roles in tailoring electronic band structures to alter the photoelectrochemical properties of metal oxide photoanodes,thereby enhancing visible light absorption,acting as shallow donors to improve charge carrier density,functioning as electron traps to suppress bulk recombination,and modifying surface states to accelerate the oxygen evolution reaction.We also present detailed case studies focusing on five prominent photoanode materials:TiO_(2),α-Fe_(2)O_(3),BiVO_(4),WO_(3),and ZnFe_(2)O_(4).This review elucidates the specific roles and operational principles of OVs within these materials and summarizes the intrinsic relationship among OV generation,characterization,and functional enhancement,providing valuable insights for the rational design of OV-engineered photoanodes toward efficient solar fuel production.
基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2021A1515111234,2023A1515011552Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22202237。
文摘Photocathodic protection(PCP)is arguably an ideal alternative technology to the conventional electrochemical cathodic protection methods for corrosion mitigation of metallic infrastructure due to its eco-friendliness and low-energy-consumption,but the construction of highlyefficient PCP systems still remains challenging,caused primarily by the lack of driving force to guide the charge flow through the whole PCP photoanodes.Here,we tackle this key issue by equipping the PCP photoanode with ferroelectric single-domain PbTiO_(3)nanoplates,which can form a directional“macroscopic electric field”throughout the entire photoanode controllable by external polarization.The properly poled PCP photoanode allows the photogenerated electrons and holes to migrate in opposite directions,that is,electrons to the protected metal and holes to the photoanode/electrolyte interface,leading to largely suppressed charge annihilation and consequently a considerable boost in the overall solar energy conversion efficiency of the PCP system.The as-fabricated photoanode can not only supply sufficient photocurrent to 304 stainless steel to initiate cathodic protection,but also shift the metal potential to the corrosion-free range.Our findings provide a viable design strategy for future high-performance PCP systems based on ferroelectric nanomaterials with enhanced charge flow manipulation.
基金supported by the Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Key Project(CSTB2023TIAD-KPX0010)the Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Major Project(CSTB2023TIAD-STX0033)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0246,CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1572,CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0310)the Science Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments.
文摘Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)bone cement is the earliest and most widely used in clinical applications.However,PMMA bone cement has high hardness and high modulus,which leads to secondary fracture of adjacent vertebrae.In this study,a PMMA/polylactic acid(PLA)/carbon nanotube(CNT)compound bone cement with decreased compression modulus is developed for overcoming the limitation of PMMA commercial bone cement(CBC).Compared with CBC,the compression modulus of composite PMMA/PLA/CNT bone cements is reduced from 893.34 MPa(CBC)to 487.25 MPa(54.54% of the CBC),which is beneficial for reducing stress concentration at the bone implantation site.The cytotoxicity studies also indicate that the prepared composite cements are nontoxic and harmless,which has the necessary condition for orthopedic clinical applications.
基金support from the European Union's Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No.101211154supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya(Grant No.2021SGR01581).
文摘The widespread deployment of rechargeable lithium-,sodium-,and potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)is critically constrained by safety concerns,particularly those associated with the flammability of conventional carbonate-based electrolytes.In response,the development of non-flammable electrolyte systems has emerged as a key strategy to mitigate thermal runaway risks and ensure the safe operation of energy storage devices.This review provided a comprehensive overview of recent advances in nonflammable electrolytes,with a focus on their chemical design,thermal stability,electrochemical performance,and compatibility with battery components.Various classes of flame-retardant materials were systematically examined,including organophosphorus compounds,halogenated solvents,ionic liquids,aqueous systems,and solid-state electrolytes.Special attention was given to the molecular mechanisms underlying flame suppression and interfacial stability,as well as strategies for balancing safety with high energy density.By summarizing state-of-the-art developments and identifying remaining challenges,including cost-effectiveness,compatibility with high-voltage electrodes,and long-term cycling stability,this review aimed to guide the rational design of intrinsically safe,high-performance battery systems for next-generation energy technologies.
基金supported by the Special Key Project of Technological Innovation and Application Development in Chongqing(CSTB2023TIADKPX0017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 22275154).
文摘V-pits have been intensively studied for their role in light-emitting diodes(LEDs).The coverage of V-pits in InGaN/GaN multiquantum wells(MQWs)is critical for suppressing leakage path through electron blocking layer(EBL).In this study,we have investigated the coverage of V-pits in green mini-LEDs modulated via growth parameters optimization and systematically analyzed the characteristics of the photoelectric properties associated with V-pits coverage on device.Elevated temperatures and pressures result in enhanced adatoms migration,which can achieve a coverage up to 98.8% of V-pits,improving the crystal quality due to stable surface.Electrical characterization reveals that although high-coverage devices exhibit suppressed leakage current,their peak external quantum efficiency(EQE)decreases,more seriously spectral blue shift and operating voltage increase due to compromised hole transport uniformity.Intriguingly,intermediate-coverage samples demonstrate superior breakdown voltage characteristics.Current-voltage curve analysis shows the ideality factor increases from 1.8 to 2.5 with improved coverage,indicating aggravated Shockley-Read-Hall(SRH)recombination with covered V-pits.
基金Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China,Grant/Award Number:2019YFA0705703National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22279070,U21A20170。
文摘Conventional approaches for developing new materials may no longer be adequate to meet the urgent needs of humanity's energy transition.The emergence of machine learning(ML)and artificial intelligence(AI)has led materials scientists to recognize the potential of using AI/ML to accelerate the creation of new battery materials.Although fixed material properties have been extensively studied as descriptors to establish the link between AI and materials chemistry,they often lack versatility and accuracy due to a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms of AI/ML.Therefore,materials scientists need to have a comprehensive understanding of the operational mechanisms and learning logic of AI/ML to design more accurate descriptors.This paper provides a review of previous research studies conducted on AI,ML,and descriptors,which have been used to address challenges at various levels,ranging from materials development to battery performance prediction.Additionally,it introduces the basics of AI and ML to assist materials and battery developers in comprehending their operational mechanisms.The paper demonstrates the significance of precise and suitable ML descriptors in the creation of new battery materials.It does so by providing examples,summarizing current descriptors and ML algorithms,and examining the potential implications of future AI advancements for the sustainable energy industry.
基金Research start-up funding in Yangtze Delta Region Institute of UESTC,Grant/Award Numbers:U03220088,U03220089,U032200106,U032200107Young Leading Talents of Nantaihu Talent Program in Huzhou(2022)。
文摘Semiconductor-based solar-driven water splitting technology is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach for the production of clean fuels.The overall solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of semiconductorbased photo(electro)catalysts is jointly determined by factors,such as light absorption efficiency of the photo(electro)catalysts,internal separation efficiency of charge carriers,and injection efficiency of surface charges.However,the traditional improvement strategies,such as morphology control,functional layer modification,and band alignment engineering,still have certain limitations in enhancing the conversion efficiency of the photo(electro)catalytic water splitting.Recently,unconventional enhancement strategies based on surface plasmonic effects,piezoelectric effects,thermoelectric effects,and magnetic effects have provided unique pathways for improving the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of photo(electro)catalysts.Therefore,this review outlines the fundamental concepts of these physical effects and elucidates their intrinsic mechanisms in enhancing the efficiency of photo(electro)catalysts for water splitting process through practical application examples.Ultimately,the future development of unconventional strategies for enhancing photo(electro)catalytic water splitting is envisioned.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52272270,51972084)the Key Technology Research and Industrialization Demonstration Project of Qingdao(Grant No.25-1-1-gjgg-1-gx)+3 种基金the Outstanding Young Scholars Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(Grant No.JJ2023JQ0025)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Space Power Sources(Grant No.YF07050123F2531)the Young Scientist Workshop(Harbin Institute of Technology)(Grant No.AUGA5710094420)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.AUGA5710052614,HIT.OCEF.2023041).
文摘Optically responsive composite materials hold significant promise for in vivo diagnostics and targeted therapies.Rare-earthdoped upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs),renowned for their unique luminescence properties,large anti-Stokes shift,excellent biocompatibility,and deep tissue penetration,have emerged as highly promising candidates for advanced phototherapy in biological systems.This review first explores the fundamental mechanisms of upconversion luminescence,as well as synthesis,surface modification,and design strategies to brighten upconversion.It then highlights recent advances and key applications of UCNPs in biological therapy,including upconversion-mediated phototherapy,multimodal therapeutic approaches,and image-guided therapy and surgery.Finally,it discusses the current challenges and opportunities in both fundamental research and clinical translation,providing theoretical insights and practical guidance to support the broader application of UCNPs in biological therapy and clinical medicine.
文摘Transition metal oxides(TMOs)are widely explored as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage owing to their rich redox activity,tunable oxidation states,and high theoretical capacitance.However,conventional synthesis routes often rely on toxic chemicals,high-temperature processing,and energy-intensive steps,limiting their sustainability and large-scale applicability.This review highlights recent progress in green synthesis approaches,particularly plant-mediated,microbial,and agro-waste-derived methods that use environmentally benign reducing and stabilizing agents to produce nanostructured TMOs.These green routes enable controlled morphology,enhanced porosity,and defect-rich architectures,resulting in improved charge storage,rate capability,and cycling stability.A comparative assessment of green-synthesized and conventionally prepared TMOs is provided,along with insights into synthesis mechanisms,advantages,limitations,and performance trends.Green chemistry-based strategies show strong potential for developing high-performance,scalable,and eco-friendly electrode materials for next-generation supercapacitors and batteries.
基金supported by CUI CAN Program of Guangdong Province(CC/XM-202401ZJ0201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 62174057)+4 种基金Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2024A1515012216 and 2023A1515011026)Educational Commission of Guangdong Province(Grant 2022ZDZX1002)State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices(Skllmd-2024-05)Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering Cooperation Fund(HDHDW59A020301)Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials.
文摘In_(2)O_(3)-based TFTs have garnered widespread attention due to their higher mobilities than amorphous silicon.Previous studies have indicated that rare earth doping can enhance the NBIS stability of TFTs,but this often results in a decrease in mobility.To improve the mobility of TFTs while maintaining stability,we incorporated Mo and Pr into In_(2)O_(3),fabricating InPrMoO TFTs.Mo doping is believed to positively affect In_(2)O_(3)through reducing porosity and defects.Pr doping has been proposed as a potential strategy to enhance the NBIS stability of In_(2)O_(3).A nondestructiveμPCD detector was employed to characterize the local defect states of the film.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data demonstrate that the InPrMoO film with 0.8 mol%Mo doping has the lowest concentration of oxygen vacancies(Vo).TFTs fabricated using the InPrMoO film doped with an optimized concentration of 0.8 mol%Mo exhibit superior electrical properties(μ_(sat)=12.2 cm^(2)/V·s,V_(th)=1.6 V,I_(on)/I_(off)=2.17×10^(6),and SS=0.47 V/dec)and the minimalΔVth under NBS/PBS/NBIS=−0.65 V/0.79 V/−0.70 V.The synergistic effect of Mo and Pr doping has led to enhanced film uniformity and density,consequently improving the mobility and stability of the TFTs.To tackle the challenge of predicting optimal process parameters,a multiobjective prediction model integrating physical models and machine learning was developed.The predicted optimal parameters(0.78 mol%Mo doping,381℃ annealing)were experimentally verified,yielding<5%relative error in most film properties.The prepared TFT exhibits a mobility of 13.5 cm^(2)/V·s(10.6%improvement),an on/off current ratio of 3.82�106,and an SS of 0.40 V/dec,demonstrating superior efficiency over conventional trial-and-error methods.
基金Research and Development of Single Crystal Diamond Semiconductors and Device Technologies,Grant/Award Number:20233160A0738National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22275154。
文摘Diamond is an ultimate semiconductor with exceptional physical and chemical properties,such as an ultra‐wide bandgap,excellent carrier mobility,extreme thermal conductivity,and stability,making it highly desirable for various applications including power electronics,sensors,and optoelectronic devices.However,the challenge lies in growing the large‐size and high‐quality single‐crystal diamond films,which are crucial for realizing the full potential of this wonder material.Hetero-epitaxial growth has emerged as a promising approach to achieve single‐crystal diamond wafers with large sizes of up to 3 inches and controlled electrical properties.This review provides an overview of the advance-ments in diamond heteroepitaxy using microwave plasma‐assisted chemical vapor deposition,including the mechanism of heteroepitaxial growth,selection of substrates,film optimization,chemistry of defects,and doping.Moreover,recent progress on the device applications and perspectives is also discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC-22305212,52371240,U1904215)the Changjiang Scholars Program of the Ministry of Education(Q2018270).
文摘Porous coordination polymers(PCPs)or metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)hold promise as photocatalyst candidates for the remediation of toxic metal ions and organic pollutants.However,they often exhibit inferior removal and catalytic efficiency due to the rapid recombination of photoexcited electrons and holes.This review presents synthetic strategies for MOFs and MOFbased composites and elucidates the underlying mechanisms for the photocatalytic reduction of metal ions and degradation of organic pollutants.Furthermore,this review highlights the opportunities,challenges,and future perspectives of MOFs and MOF composite photocatalysts,aiming to design more innovative MOF-based photocatalytic systems using green and sustainable strategies.It is anticipated that this review will serve as a guide for the systematic development and optimization of highly efficient MOF-based photocatalysts.
