Drying operations are of grave importance to realize the reduction and utilization of sewage sludge resources,but the conventional thermal evaporation drying(TED)technology presents challenges due to the need for a la...Drying operations are of grave importance to realize the reduction and utilization of sewage sludge resources,but the conventional thermal evaporation drying(TED)technology presents challenges due to the need for a large amount of thermal energy to conquer the phase-change latent heat of moisture.Herein,we report a non-phase change technology based on particle high-speed self-rotation in a cyclone for fast,low-temperature drying of viscous sludge with high-moisture contents.Dispersed phase medium(DPM)is introduced into the cyclone self-rotation drying(CSRD)reactor to enhance the dispersion of the viscous sludge.The effects of carrier gas temperature,feeding rate,size,and proportion of DPM particles in the drying process are systematically examined.Under optimal operating conditions,the weighted content of moisture in the viscous sludge could be reduced from 80%to 15.01%in less than 5 s,achieving a high drying efficiency of 95.79%.Theoretical calculations also reveal that 89.26%of the moisture is removed through non-phase change pathway,contributing to a 522-fold increase in the drying rate of CSRD compared to TED technology.This investigation presents a sustainable effective approach for high moisture viscous sludge treatment with low energy consumption and carbon emissions.展开更多
On 13 December 2024,liquefied natural gas(LNG)company Venture Global LNG(Arlington,VA,USA)commenced commercial production of the super-chilled fuel at its partially completed Plaquemines LNG export terminal in Louisia...On 13 December 2024,liquefied natural gas(LNG)company Venture Global LNG(Arlington,VA,USA)commenced commercial production of the super-chilled fuel at its partially completed Plaquemines LNG export terminal in Louisiana(Fig.1)[1].In terms of dollars invested,the 21 billion USD plant is the fourth largest infrastructure project in the world[2].Venture Global initially expected the terminal to produce and ship 20 million tonnes of LNG annually[3].An 18 billion USD expansion of the terminal approved in February 2025 will bring its maximum annual produc-tion capacity to 45 million tonnes[4].When fully operational in 2027,the facility,located in Plaquemines Parish on the Mississippi River about 32 km south of New Orleans,will be among the largest in the world,further contributing to the US position as the world’s biggest LNG exporter[1].展开更多
In 2023,the global soybean trade volume with China reached 99.41 million tonnes without any contribution from Africa.With its vast arable land,Africa has the potential to develop a strong soybean industry to increase ...In 2023,the global soybean trade volume with China reached 99.41 million tonnes without any contribution from Africa.With its vast arable land,Africa has the potential to develop a strong soybean industry to increase food security,create employment opportunities,and position itself as a key exporter to China.However,soybean growth and yield are stringently linked to nodulation and nitrogen gas(N_(2))fixation,as well as to photothermal effects.The soil bacteria that nodulate and fix N_(2) for soybean growth are absent in African soils,which is a major constraint to soybean cultivation.However,the breeding of promiscuous soybean varieties that freely nodulate and fix N_(2) with native rhizobia in African soils has been achieved.The photothermal constraint limiting soybean production in Africa has also been resolved with the discovery and testing of several genes regulating photoperiodism at the laboratory and field levels.Large-scale soybean production in Africa will nonetheless still require science,technology,and innovation(STI)partnerships for the easy transfer and/or exchange of biological materials for research among Chinese and African scientists.This study aims to identify opportunities to boost soybean production in Africa,with potential benefits including increased food security,enhanced economic growth,improved continental gross domestic product,reduced unemployment,and greater poverty alleviation through job creation while enhancing China-Africa trade.It also explores the advantages soybean production in Africa could derive from the China-Africa STI partnership under the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation(FOCAC)Beijing Action Plan(2025-2027)and the China-Africa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Alliance(CAASTIA),which is implemented by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the African Academy of Sciences.展开更多
Construction engineering and management(CEM)has become increasingly complicated with the increasing size of engineering projects under different construction environments,motivating the digital transformation of CEM.T...Construction engineering and management(CEM)has become increasingly complicated with the increasing size of engineering projects under different construction environments,motivating the digital transformation of CEM.To contribute to a better understanding of the state of the art of smart techniques for engineering projects,this paper provides a comprehensive review of multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)techniques,intelligent techniques,and their applications in CEM.First,a comprehensive framework detailing smart technologies for construction projects is developed.Next,the characteristics of CEM are summarized.A bibliometric review is then conducted to investigate the keywords,journals,and clusters related to the application of smart techniques in CEM during 2000-2022.Recent advancements in intelligent techniques are also discussed under the following six topics:①big data technology;②computer vision;③speech recognition;④natural language processing;⑤machine learning;and⑥knowledge representation,understanding,and reasoning.The applications of smart techniques are then illustrated via underground space exploitation.Finally,future research directions for the sustainable development of smart construction are highlighted.展开更多
The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,th...The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).展开更多
Sequential-modular-based process flowsheeting software remains an indispensable tool for process design,control,and optimization.Yet,as the process industry advances in intelligent operation and maintenance,convention...Sequential-modular-based process flowsheeting software remains an indispensable tool for process design,control,and optimization.Yet,as the process industry advances in intelligent operation and maintenance,conventional sequential-modular-based process-simulation techniques present challenges regarding computationally intensive calculations and significant central processing unit(CPU)time requirements,particularly in large-scale design and optimization tasks.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a novel process-simulation parallel computing framework(PSPCF).This framework achieves layered parallelism in recycling processes at the unit operation level.Notably,PSPCF introduces a groundbreaking concept of formulating simulation problems as task graphs and utilizes Taskflow,an advanced task graph computing system,for hierarchical parallel scheduling and the execution of unit operation tasks.PSPCF also integrates an advanced work-stealing scheme to automatically balance thread resources with the demanding workload of unit operation tasks.For evaluation,both a simpler parallel column process and a more complex cracked gas separation process were simulated on a flowsheeting platform using PSPCF.The framework demonstrates significant time savings,achieving over 60%reduction in processing time for the simpler process and a 35%–40%speed-up for the more complex separation process.展开更多
A drug developer trying to devise a new cancer treatment,a virologist investigating how a virus invades cells,an evolutionary biologist probing the effects of mutations on an organism’s fitness—these are just some o...A drug developer trying to devise a new cancer treatment,a virologist investigating how a virus invades cells,an evolutionary biologist probing the effects of mutations on an organism’s fitness—these are just some of the scientists who need to know the three-dimensional structures of specific proteins.However,deducing a protein’s shape through experiments is laborious and costly[1].展开更多
The lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi(Є1 q)shale in the Sichuan Basin,formerly considered a source rock,recently achieved high gas production(7.388×105 m^(3)·d^(-1))from well Z201 in the Deyang-Anyue rift trough(DAR...The lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi(Є1 q)shale in the Sichuan Basin,formerly considered a source rock,recently achieved high gas production(7.388×105 m^(3)·d^(-1))from well Z201 in the Deyang-Anyue rift trough(DART),marking an exploration breakthrough of the world’s oldest industrial shale gas reser-voir.However,the shale gas enrichment mechanism within the DART is not fully understood.This study reviews the formation of the Qiongzhusi shale gas reservoirs within the DART by comparing them with cotemporaneous deposits outside the DART,and several findings are presented.The gas production interval was correlated with the main phase of the Cambrian explosion(lower Cambrian stage 3).In the early Cambrian ecosystem,dominant animals likely accelerated the settling rates of organic matter(OM)in the upper 1st member ofЄ_(1) q(Є_(1) q_(12))by feeding on small planktonic organisms and producing larger organic fragments and fecal pellets.High primary productivity and euxinic con-ditions contributed to OM enrichment in the lower 1st member ofЄ1 q(Є_(1) q_(11)).Additionally,shale reservoirs inside the DART demonstrated better properties than those outside in terms of thickness,brittle minerals,gas content,and porosity.In particular,the abundant OM pores inside the DART facil-itated shale gas enrichment,whereas the higher thermal maturity of the shales outside the DART pos-sibly led to the graphitization and collapse of some OM pores.Meanwhile,the overpressure of high-production wells inside the DART generally reflects better shale gas preservation,benefiting from the shale’s self-sealing nature,"upper capping and lower plugging"configuration,and limited faults and microfractures.Considering these insights,we introduced a"ternary enrichment"model for the Qiongzhusi shale gas.Although the current high gas production of Z201 was found at the reservoir 3,two additional reservoirs were identified with significant potential,thus suggesting a"multilayer stereoscopic development"strategy in future shale gas exploration within the DART.展开更多
1.Introduction Human’s consumption of fossil fuel energy,accompanied by enormous quantities of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions,is closely related to glacier melting,sea level rise,and the frequent occurrence of extre...1.Introduction Human’s consumption of fossil fuel energy,accompanied by enormous quantities of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions,is closely related to glacier melting,sea level rise,and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather in the 20th century.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)put forward the goal of carbon neutrality in October 2018.So far,more than 130 countries and regions around the world have proposed their corresponding goal of carbon neutrality.China has also proposed to achieve a carbon peak and carbon neutrality[1].展开更多
Propagation of light beams in turbid media such as underwater environments,fog,clouds,or biological tissues finds increasingly important applications in science and technology,including bio-imaging,underwater communic...Propagation of light beams in turbid media such as underwater environments,fog,clouds,or biological tissues finds increasingly important applications in science and technology,including bio-imaging,underwater communication,and free-space communication technologies.While many of these applications traditionally relied on conventional,linearly polarized Gaussian beams,light possesses many degrees of freedom that are still largely unexplored,such as spin angular momentum(SAM)and orbital angular momentum(OAM).Here,we present nonlinear light-matter interactions of such complex light beams with"rotational"degrees of freedom in engineered nonlinear colloidal media.By making use of both variational and perturbative approach,we consider non-cylindrical optical vortices,elliptical optical vortices,and higher-order Bessel beams integrated in time(HOBBIT)to predict the dynamics and stability of the evolution of these beams.These results may find applications in many scenarios involving light transmission in strongly scattering environments.展开更多
The"Grain-for-Green"project on the Loess Plateau is the largest revegetation program in the world.However,revegetation-induced land use changes can influence both water and carbon cycles,and the diverse cons...The"Grain-for-Green"project on the Loess Plateau is the largest revegetation program in the world.However,revegetation-induced land use changes can influence both water and carbon cycles,and the diverse consequences were not well understood.Therefore,the reasonability and sustainability of revegetation measures are in question.This study quantifies the impacts of revegetation-induced land use conversions on the water and carbon cycles in a typical watershed on the Loess Plateau and identifies suitable areas where revegetation of forest or grassland could benefit both soil and water conservation and carbon sequestration.We used a coupled hydro-biogeochemical model to simulate the changes of a few key components in terms of water and carbon by designing a variety of hypothetical land use conversion scenarios derived from revegetation policy.Compared to the baseline condition(land use in 2000),both sediment yield and water yield decreased substantially when replacing steep cropland with forest or grassland.Converting cropland with slopes larger than 25°,15°,and 6°to forest(CTF)would enhance the carbon sequestration with a negligible negative effect on soil water content,while replacing cropland with grassland(CTG)would result in a decline in net primary production but with a substantial increase in soil water content(3.8%-14.9%).Compared to the baseline,the soil organic carbon would increase by 0.9%-3.2% in CTF and keep relatively stable in CTG.Through testing a variety of hypothetical revegetation scenarios,we identified potential priority areas for CTF and CTG,where revegetation may be appropriate and potentially beneficial to conserving soil and water and enhancing carbon sequestration.Our study highlights the challenges in future water and carbon coupling management under revegetation policy,and our quantitative results and identification of potential areas for revegetation could provide information to policy makers for seeking optimal management on the Loess Plateau.展开更多
Microbially induced calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))precipitation(MICP)has been investigated as a sustain-able alternative to conventional concrete remediation methods for improving the mechanical properties and durability...Microbially induced calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))precipitation(MICP)has been investigated as a sustain-able alternative to conventional concrete remediation methods for improving the mechanical properties and durability of concrete structures.To date,urea-dependent MICP is the most widely employed MICP pathway in biological self-healing concrete research as its use has resulted in efficient CaCO_(3) precipita-tion rates.NH_(3) is a byproduct of ureolysis,and can be hazardous to cementitious structures and the health of various species.Accordingly,non-ureolytic bacterial concrete self-healing systems have been developed as eco-friendly alternatives to urea-dependent self-healing systems.Non-ureolytic pathways can improve the physical properties of concrete samples and incorporate the use of waste materials;they have the potential to be cost-effective and sustainable.Moreover,they can be applied in terrestrial and marine environments.To date,research on non-ureolytic concrete self-healing systems has been scarce compared to that on ureolytic systems.This article discusses the advances and challenges in non-ureolytic bacterial concrete self-healing studies and highlights the directions for future research.展开更多
1.Introduction Climate change is one of the most severe challenges facing the world today.At present,China produces total annual carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions of over 10 billion tonnes,topping the world in this rega...1.Introduction Climate change is one of the most severe challenges facing the world today.At present,China produces total annual carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions of over 10 billion tonnes,topping the world in this regard.Although coal empowers China’s economic development,its use presents a great challenge to the nation’s desired goals of peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality.In this context,the low-carbon utilization of coal is an inevitable trend for future development.Exploring new ways to reduce CO_(2) emissions on a large scale in the utilization of coal—especially during coal-fired power generation—is essential in order for China to achieve carbon neutrality.展开更多
Due to the worldwide epidemic of allergic disease and a cure nowhere in sight,there is a crucial need to explore its pathophysiological mechanisms.As allergic disease has been associated with gut dysbiosis,we searched...Due to the worldwide epidemic of allergic disease and a cure nowhere in sight,there is a crucial need to explore its pathophysiological mechanisms.As allergic disease has been associated with gut dysbiosis,we searched for a possible mechanism from the perspective of the molecular interface between host and microbiota with concurrent metabolomics and microbiome composition analysis.Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with Artemisia pollen extract to stimulate a hyper reaction to pollen.This hyper reaction decreased the circulation of valine,isoleucine,aspartate,glutamate,glutamine,indole-propionate(IPA),and myo-inositol,and reduced short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in feces.Several beneficial genera belonging to Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,and Clostridiales declined in the model group,whereas Helicobacter and Akkermansia were only expressed in the model group.Furthermore,the expression of intestinal claudin-3 and liver fatty acid binding protein was downregulated in the model group and associated with metabolic changes and bacteria.Our results suggest that alterations in amino acids as well as their derivatives(especially valine,and IPA which is the reductive product of tryptophan),SCFAs,and the gut microbiome(specifically Akkermansia and Helicobacter)may disrupt the intestinal barrier function by inhibiting the expression of claudin proteins and affecting the mucus layer,which further results in hay fever.展开更多
On 26 August 2020,following unexpectedly strong,post-initiallockdown resurgences of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in the late spring and summer,the medical-manufacturer giant Abbott and the US federal government a...On 26 August 2020,following unexpectedly strong,post-initiallockdown resurgences of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in the late spring and summer,the medical-manufacturer giant Abbott and the US federal government announced approval,for emergency use in public health efforts to control the pandemic,of a new diagnostic testing device the size of a credit card and costing only 5 USD apiece[1].Moreover,the federal government would spend 760 million USD to purchase 150 million of the tests and begin shipping them to nursing homes and schools roughly a month later[2].展开更多
Simple and efficient nanofabrication technology with low cost and high flexibility is indispensable for fundamental nanoscale research and prototyping.Lithography in the near field using the surface plasmon polariton(...Simple and efficient nanofabrication technology with low cost and high flexibility is indispensable for fundamental nanoscale research and prototyping.Lithography in the near field using the surface plasmon polariton(i.e.,plasmonic lithography)provides a promising solution.The system with high stiffness passive nanogap control strategy on a high-speed rotating substrate is one of the most attractive highthroughput methods.However,a smaller and steadier plasmonic nanogap,new scheme of plasmonic lens,and parallel processing should be explored to achieve a new generation high resolution and reliable efficient nanofabrication.Herein,a parallel plasmonic direct-writing nanolithography system is established in which a novel plasmonic flying head is systematically designed to achieve around 15 nm minimum flying-height with high parallelism at the rotating speed of 8–18 m·s^(-1).A multi-stage metasurface-based polarization insensitive plasmonic lens is proposed to couple more power and realize a more confined spot compared with conventional plasmonic lenses.Parallel lithography of the nanostructures with the smallest(around 26 nm)linewidth is obtained with the prototyping system.The proposed system holds great potential for high-freedom nanofabrication with low cost,such as planar optical elements and nano-electromechanical systems.展开更多
Host–vip molecular recognition at the liquid–liquid interface endows the interface with unique properties,including stimuli-responsiveness and self-regulation,due to the dynamic and reversible nature of non-covale...Host–vip molecular recognition at the liquid–liquid interface endows the interface with unique properties,including stimuli-responsiveness and self-regulation,due to the dynamic and reversible nature of non-covalent interactions.Increasing research efforts have been put into the preparation of supramolecular interfacial systems such as films and microcapsules by integrating functional components(e.g.,colloidal particles,polymers)at the interface,providing tremendous opportunities in the areas of encapsulation,delivery vehicles,and biphasic reaction systems.In this review,we summarize recent progress in supramolecular interfacial systems assembled by host–vip chemistry,and provide an overview of the fabrication process,functions,and promising applications of the resultant constructs.展开更多
1.The CO_(2) emission status of the steel industry in China As an important basic sector of the national economy,China’s steel industry is a major energy consumer and a major emitter of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).Based o...1.The CO_(2) emission status of the steel industry in China As an important basic sector of the national economy,China’s steel industry is a major energy consumer and a major emitter of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).Based on previous studies[1-3],Fig.1 shows a preliminary estimation of the CO_(2) emissions of the steel industry in China from 1991 to 2019.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0705800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52030001)the Science&Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(20dz1207600).
文摘Drying operations are of grave importance to realize the reduction and utilization of sewage sludge resources,but the conventional thermal evaporation drying(TED)technology presents challenges due to the need for a large amount of thermal energy to conquer the phase-change latent heat of moisture.Herein,we report a non-phase change technology based on particle high-speed self-rotation in a cyclone for fast,low-temperature drying of viscous sludge with high-moisture contents.Dispersed phase medium(DPM)is introduced into the cyclone self-rotation drying(CSRD)reactor to enhance the dispersion of the viscous sludge.The effects of carrier gas temperature,feeding rate,size,and proportion of DPM particles in the drying process are systematically examined.Under optimal operating conditions,the weighted content of moisture in the viscous sludge could be reduced from 80%to 15.01%in less than 5 s,achieving a high drying efficiency of 95.79%.Theoretical calculations also reveal that 89.26%of the moisture is removed through non-phase change pathway,contributing to a 522-fold increase in the drying rate of CSRD compared to TED technology.This investigation presents a sustainable effective approach for high moisture viscous sludge treatment with low energy consumption and carbon emissions.
文摘On 13 December 2024,liquefied natural gas(LNG)company Venture Global LNG(Arlington,VA,USA)commenced commercial production of the super-chilled fuel at its partially completed Plaquemines LNG export terminal in Louisiana(Fig.1)[1].In terms of dollars invested,the 21 billion USD plant is the fourth largest infrastructure project in the world[2].Venture Global initially expected the terminal to produce and ship 20 million tonnes of LNG annually[3].An 18 billion USD expansion of the terminal approved in February 2025 will bring its maximum annual produc-tion capacity to 45 million tonnes[4].When fully operational in 2027,the facility,located in Plaquemines Parish on the Mississippi River about 32 km south of New Orleans,will be among the largest in the world,further contributing to the US position as the world’s biggest LNG exporter[1].
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1201300)the Nanfan Special Project of CAAS(YBXM2428 to Tianfu Han).
文摘In 2023,the global soybean trade volume with China reached 99.41 million tonnes without any contribution from Africa.With its vast arable land,Africa has the potential to develop a strong soybean industry to increase food security,create employment opportunities,and position itself as a key exporter to China.However,soybean growth and yield are stringently linked to nodulation and nitrogen gas(N_(2))fixation,as well as to photothermal effects.The soil bacteria that nodulate and fix N_(2) for soybean growth are absent in African soils,which is a major constraint to soybean cultivation.However,the breeding of promiscuous soybean varieties that freely nodulate and fix N_(2) with native rhizobia in African soils has been achieved.The photothermal constraint limiting soybean production in Africa has also been resolved with the discovery and testing of several genes regulating photoperiodism at the laboratory and field levels.Large-scale soybean production in Africa will nonetheless still require science,technology,and innovation(STI)partnerships for the easy transfer and/or exchange of biological materials for research among Chinese and African scientists.This study aims to identify opportunities to boost soybean production in Africa,with potential benefits including increased food security,enhanced economic growth,improved continental gross domestic product,reduced unemployment,and greater poverty alleviation through job creation while enhancing China-Africa trade.It also explores the advantages soybean production in Africa could derive from the China-Africa STI partnership under the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation(FOCAC)Beijing Action Plan(2025-2027)and the China-Africa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Alliance(CAASTIA),which is implemented by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the African Academy of Sciences.
基金funded by the project of Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Committee(2022A1515240073)the Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program(2019CX01G338),Guangdong Province.
文摘Construction engineering and management(CEM)has become increasingly complicated with the increasing size of engineering projects under different construction environments,motivating the digital transformation of CEM.To contribute to a better understanding of the state of the art of smart techniques for engineering projects,this paper provides a comprehensive review of multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)techniques,intelligent techniques,and their applications in CEM.First,a comprehensive framework detailing smart technologies for construction projects is developed.Next,the characteristics of CEM are summarized.A bibliometric review is then conducted to investigate the keywords,journals,and clusters related to the application of smart techniques in CEM during 2000-2022.Recent advancements in intelligent techniques are also discussed under the following six topics:①big data technology;②computer vision;③speech recognition;④natural language processing;⑤machine learning;and⑥knowledge representation,understanding,and reasoning.The applications of smart techniques are then illustrated via underground space exploitation.Finally,future research directions for the sustainable development of smart construction are highlighted.
基金financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(72174196 and 71874193)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining(SKLCRSM21KFA05)National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals.
文摘The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3305900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Key Program)(62136003)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62394345)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Longmen Laboratory(LMZDXM202206)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Sequential-modular-based process flowsheeting software remains an indispensable tool for process design,control,and optimization.Yet,as the process industry advances in intelligent operation and maintenance,conventional sequential-modular-based process-simulation techniques present challenges regarding computationally intensive calculations and significant central processing unit(CPU)time requirements,particularly in large-scale design and optimization tasks.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a novel process-simulation parallel computing framework(PSPCF).This framework achieves layered parallelism in recycling processes at the unit operation level.Notably,PSPCF introduces a groundbreaking concept of formulating simulation problems as task graphs and utilizes Taskflow,an advanced task graph computing system,for hierarchical parallel scheduling and the execution of unit operation tasks.PSPCF also integrates an advanced work-stealing scheme to automatically balance thread resources with the demanding workload of unit operation tasks.For evaluation,both a simpler parallel column process and a more complex cracked gas separation process were simulated on a flowsheeting platform using PSPCF.The framework demonstrates significant time savings,achieving over 60%reduction in processing time for the simpler process and a 35%–40%speed-up for the more complex separation process.
文摘A drug developer trying to devise a new cancer treatment,a virologist investigating how a virus invades cells,an evolutionary biologist probing the effects of mutations on an organism’s fitness—these are just some of the scientists who need to know the three-dimensional structures of specific proteins.However,deducing a protein’s shape through experiments is laborious and costly[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23B20155 and 42303004)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730038)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Research Project for the China National Petroleum Corporation(2021DJ1802 and 2021YJCQ03)the National Postdoctoral Researcher Program of China(GZC20233111).
文摘The lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi(Є1 q)shale in the Sichuan Basin,formerly considered a source rock,recently achieved high gas production(7.388×105 m^(3)·d^(-1))from well Z201 in the Deyang-Anyue rift trough(DART),marking an exploration breakthrough of the world’s oldest industrial shale gas reser-voir.However,the shale gas enrichment mechanism within the DART is not fully understood.This study reviews the formation of the Qiongzhusi shale gas reservoirs within the DART by comparing them with cotemporaneous deposits outside the DART,and several findings are presented.The gas production interval was correlated with the main phase of the Cambrian explosion(lower Cambrian stage 3).In the early Cambrian ecosystem,dominant animals likely accelerated the settling rates of organic matter(OM)in the upper 1st member ofЄ_(1) q(Є_(1) q_(12))by feeding on small planktonic organisms and producing larger organic fragments and fecal pellets.High primary productivity and euxinic con-ditions contributed to OM enrichment in the lower 1st member ofЄ1 q(Є_(1) q_(11)).Additionally,shale reservoirs inside the DART demonstrated better properties than those outside in terms of thickness,brittle minerals,gas content,and porosity.In particular,the abundant OM pores inside the DART facil-itated shale gas enrichment,whereas the higher thermal maturity of the shales outside the DART pos-sibly led to the graphitization and collapse of some OM pores.Meanwhile,the overpressure of high-production wells inside the DART generally reflects better shale gas preservation,benefiting from the shale’s self-sealing nature,"upper capping and lower plugging"configuration,and limited faults and microfractures.Considering these insights,we introduced a"ternary enrichment"model for the Qiongzhusi shale gas.Although the current high gas production of Z201 was found at the reservoir 3,two additional reservoirs were identified with significant potential,thus suggesting a"multilayer stereoscopic development"strategy in future shale gas exploration within the DART.
基金support from the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2021YFB3801300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22021004)。
文摘1.Introduction Human’s consumption of fossil fuel energy,accompanied by enormous quantities of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions,is closely related to glacier melting,sea level rise,and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather in the 20th century.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)put forward the goal of carbon neutrality in October 2018.So far,more than 130 countries and regions around the world have proposed their corresponding goal of carbon neutrality.China has also proposed to achieve a carbon peak and carbon neutrality[1].
基金support from the Office of Naval Research MURI(N00014-20-1-2550)。
文摘Propagation of light beams in turbid media such as underwater environments,fog,clouds,or biological tissues finds increasingly important applications in science and technology,including bio-imaging,underwater communication,and free-space communication technologies.While many of these applications traditionally relied on conventional,linearly polarized Gaussian beams,light possesses many degrees of freedom that are still largely unexplored,such as spin angular momentum(SAM)and orbital angular momentum(OAM).Here,we present nonlinear light-matter interactions of such complex light beams with"rotational"degrees of freedom in engineered nonlinear colloidal media.By making use of both variational and perturbative approach,we consider non-cylindrical optical vortices,elliptical optical vortices,and higher-order Bessel beams integrated in time(HOBBIT)to predict the dynamics and stability of the evolution of these beams.These results may find applications in many scenarios involving light transmission in strongly scattering environments.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31961143011)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M683451)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB40020205)the Shaanxi Key Research and Development Program of China(2018ZDXM-GY030)the National Thousand Youth Talent Program of China。
文摘The"Grain-for-Green"project on the Loess Plateau is the largest revegetation program in the world.However,revegetation-induced land use changes can influence both water and carbon cycles,and the diverse consequences were not well understood.Therefore,the reasonability and sustainability of revegetation measures are in question.This study quantifies the impacts of revegetation-induced land use conversions on the water and carbon cycles in a typical watershed on the Loess Plateau and identifies suitable areas where revegetation of forest or grassland could benefit both soil and water conservation and carbon sequestration.We used a coupled hydro-biogeochemical model to simulate the changes of a few key components in terms of water and carbon by designing a variety of hypothetical land use conversion scenarios derived from revegetation policy.Compared to the baseline condition(land use in 2000),both sediment yield and water yield decreased substantially when replacing steep cropland with forest or grassland.Converting cropland with slopes larger than 25°,15°,and 6°to forest(CTF)would enhance the carbon sequestration with a negligible negative effect on soil water content,while replacing cropland with grassland(CTG)would result in a decline in net primary production but with a substantial increase in soil water content(3.8%-14.9%).Compared to the baseline,the soil organic carbon would increase by 0.9%-3.2% in CTF and keep relatively stable in CTG.Through testing a variety of hypothetical revegetation scenarios,we identified potential priority areas for CTF and CTG,where revegetation may be appropriate and potentially beneficial to conserving soil and water and enhancing carbon sequestration.Our study highlights the challenges in future water and carbon coupling management under revegetation policy,and our quantitative results and identification of potential areas for revegetation could provide information to policy makers for seeking optimal management on the Loess Plateau.
文摘Microbially induced calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))precipitation(MICP)has been investigated as a sustain-able alternative to conventional concrete remediation methods for improving the mechanical properties and durability of concrete structures.To date,urea-dependent MICP is the most widely employed MICP pathway in biological self-healing concrete research as its use has resulted in efficient CaCO_(3) precipita-tion rates.NH_(3) is a byproduct of ureolysis,and can be hazardous to cementitious structures and the health of various species.Accordingly,non-ureolytic bacterial concrete self-healing systems have been developed as eco-friendly alternatives to urea-dependent self-healing systems.Non-ureolytic pathways can improve the physical properties of concrete samples and incorporate the use of waste materials;they have the potential to be cost-effective and sustainable.Moreover,they can be applied in terrestrial and marine environments.To date,research on non-ureolytic concrete self-healing systems has been scarce compared to that on ureolytic systems.This article discusses the advances and challenges in non-ureolytic bacterial concrete self-healing studies and highlights the directions for future research.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0603305).
文摘1.Introduction Climate change is one of the most severe challenges facing the world today.At present,China produces total annual carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions of over 10 billion tonnes,topping the world in this regard.Although coal empowers China’s economic development,its use presents a great challenge to the nation’s desired goals of peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality.In this context,the low-carbon utilization of coal is an inevitable trend for future development.Exploring new ways to reduce CO_(2) emissions on a large scale in the utilization of coal—especially during coal-fired power generation—is essential in order for China to achieve carbon neutrality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971515 and 81973290)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2016-I2M-3-011 and 2016-I2M-1-003)+4 种基金the Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study(Z141102004414062)the National Megaproject for Innovative Drugs(2018ZX09711001-002-002)Beijing Natural Sciences Fund Key Projects(7181007)the Fundamental Research Fund for Central Universities of Peking Union Medical College(3332020037)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support(ZYLX201826)。
文摘Due to the worldwide epidemic of allergic disease and a cure nowhere in sight,there is a crucial need to explore its pathophysiological mechanisms.As allergic disease has been associated with gut dysbiosis,we searched for a possible mechanism from the perspective of the molecular interface between host and microbiota with concurrent metabolomics and microbiome composition analysis.Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with Artemisia pollen extract to stimulate a hyper reaction to pollen.This hyper reaction decreased the circulation of valine,isoleucine,aspartate,glutamate,glutamine,indole-propionate(IPA),and myo-inositol,and reduced short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in feces.Several beneficial genera belonging to Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,and Clostridiales declined in the model group,whereas Helicobacter and Akkermansia were only expressed in the model group.Furthermore,the expression of intestinal claudin-3 and liver fatty acid binding protein was downregulated in the model group and associated with metabolic changes and bacteria.Our results suggest that alterations in amino acids as well as their derivatives(especially valine,and IPA which is the reductive product of tryptophan),SCFAs,and the gut microbiome(specifically Akkermansia and Helicobacter)may disrupt the intestinal barrier function by inhibiting the expression of claudin proteins and affecting the mucus layer,which further results in hay fever.
文摘On 26 August 2020,following unexpectedly strong,post-initiallockdown resurgences of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in the late spring and summer,the medical-manufacturer giant Abbott and the US federal government announced approval,for emergency use in public health efforts to control the pandemic,of a new diagnostic testing device the size of a credit card and costing only 5 USD apiece[1].Moreover,the federal government would spend 760 million USD to purchase 150 million of the tests and begin shipping them to nursing homes and schools roughly a month later[2].
基金We acknowledge the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91623105 and 52005175)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(2020JJ5059).
文摘Simple and efficient nanofabrication technology with low cost and high flexibility is indispensable for fundamental nanoscale research and prototyping.Lithography in the near field using the surface plasmon polariton(i.e.,plasmonic lithography)provides a promising solution.The system with high stiffness passive nanogap control strategy on a high-speed rotating substrate is one of the most attractive highthroughput methods.However,a smaller and steadier plasmonic nanogap,new scheme of plasmonic lens,and parallel processing should be explored to achieve a new generation high resolution and reliable efficient nanofabrication.Herein,a parallel plasmonic direct-writing nanolithography system is established in which a novel plasmonic flying head is systematically designed to achieve around 15 nm minimum flying-height with high parallelism at the rotating speed of 8–18 m·s^(-1).A multi-stage metasurface-based polarization insensitive plasmonic lens is proposed to couple more power and realize a more confined spot compared with conventional plasmonic lenses.Parallel lithography of the nanostructures with the smallest(around 26 nm)linewidth is obtained with the prototyping system.The proposed system holds great potential for high-freedom nanofabrication with low cost,such as planar optical elements and nano-electromechanical systems.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51903011)Thomas P.Russell was supported by the US Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences,Materials Sciences and Engineering Division under Contract No.DE-AC02-05-CH11231 within the Adaptive Interfacial Assemblies Towards Structuring Liquids program(KCTR16).
文摘Host–vip molecular recognition at the liquid–liquid interface endows the interface with unique properties,including stimuli-responsiveness and self-regulation,due to the dynamic and reversible nature of non-covalent interactions.Increasing research efforts have been put into the preparation of supramolecular interfacial systems such as films and microcapsules by integrating functional components(e.g.,colloidal particles,polymers)at the interface,providing tremendous opportunities in the areas of encapsulation,delivery vehicles,and biphasic reaction systems.In this review,we summarize recent progress in supramolecular interfacial systems assembled by host–vip chemistry,and provide an overview of the fabrication process,functions,and promising applications of the resultant constructs.
文摘1.The CO_(2) emission status of the steel industry in China As an important basic sector of the national economy,China’s steel industry is a major energy consumer and a major emitter of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).Based on previous studies[1-3],Fig.1 shows a preliminary estimation of the CO_(2) emissions of the steel industry in China from 1991 to 2019.
