This paper is focused on discussing the case of Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark,in Spain,as an example to show the contribution of Geoparks to the dissemination of science and the relevance of preserving geoheritage b...This paper is focused on discussing the case of Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark,in Spain,as an example to show the contribution of Geoparks to the dissemination of science and the relevance of preserving geoheritage by implementing simple measures based on communication and prevention.Natural and anthropic hazards derived from climate change are endangering heritage and the well-ness of the society.Geoheritage is vulnerable.Nowadays we are witnessing the destruction of monuments with high emotional significance due to wars,but climate change is also contributing to the loss of the same cultural heritage.Prevention is often the best way to protect geoheritage from disappearing and society is the best agent to implement preventive measures.Citizens are often unaware of the important treasures they have around them.Geoparks have been a great tool to bring awareness in society,since by involving the public in the whole process of recognition and promotion,they protect the space and the cultural and economic values associated with them.It is important to communicate the initiatives taking place in the Geoparks to explain the importance of geology and the risk of losing the geoheritage if natural hazards increase.Las Loras study is a good practice to implement in other Geoparks.展开更多
Science is not an easy task to teach;it implies a comprehensive process that involves both a body of knowledge and a method of discovery.Here,we propose a oneday workshop to show how science works that we named“Chain...Science is not an easy task to teach;it implies a comprehensive process that involves both a body of knowledge and a method of discovery.Here,we propose a oneday workshop to show how science works that we named“Chain of Science”.We present experiments that were the precursors of threshold concepts,and we encourage the children to do and explain the experiments to their families in their houses.In this paper,we choose one of the four workshops we implemented from 2016 to 2019 in Guanajuato schools and present the details and results.展开更多
A review of the existing knowledge on the Deccan Volcanic Province of India shows that it has a significant geographic bias towards the western parts,while the rest of the province is not as well constrained.Emerging ...A review of the existing knowledge on the Deccan Volcanic Province of India shows that it has a significant geographic bias towards the western parts,while the rest of the province is not as well constrained.Emerging data on its structure,geochronology and volcanology in the last decade suggests that many existing concepts and models of this large Continental Flood Basalt Province are open to revisions or replacement.展开更多
Spending in international aid programmes from governments and other agencies represents a>>$100Bn US investment annually.International development and global environmental management greatly benefit from the app...Spending in international aid programmes from governments and other agencies represents a>>$100Bn US investment annually.International development and global environmental management greatly benefit from the application of high quality/appropriate geoscience and related expertise.Barriers exist,particularly between research-intensive geoscience organisations and development agencies,that inhibit the greater application of geoscience within development.展开更多
Introduction The Caspian-Black Sea-Mediterranean Corridor["CORRIDOR"]encompasses the Eurasian intercontinental basins of the Caspian,Black,Marmara,Aegean,and Eastern Mediterranean(Levantine)seas with their c...Introduction The Caspian-Black Sea-Mediterranean Corridor["CORRIDOR"]encompasses the Eurasian intercontinental basins of the Caspian,Black,Marmara,Aegean,and Eastern Mediterranean(Levantine)seas with their connecting straits and coasts.Periodic connection/isolation of the basins during the Quaternary predetermined their specific environmental conditions and particular hydrologic regimes,and thus,the area,and especially the Ponto-Caspian,represents a“natural laboratory”to study the responses of semi-isolated and isolated basins to climate changes.展开更多
We investigated the Paleocene-Eocene boundary GSSP(Dababiya quarry)near Luxor,Egypt,in two nearby(25m and 50m)sequences based on highresolution biostratigraphy,lithostratigrapy,mineralogy and geochemistry.Results conf...We investigated the Paleocene-Eocene boundary GSSP(Dababiya quarry)near Luxor,Egypt,in two nearby(25m and 50m)sequences based on highresolution biostratigraphy,lithostratigrapy,mineralogy and geochemistry.Results confirm the many positive aspects of the Dababiya GSSP but also show potentially serious limiting factors:(1)the GSSP is located in the deepest part of a~200 m wide submarine channel,which limits its use as global type section.(2)Some lithologic units identified at the GSSP are absent or thin out and disappear within the channel and beyond.(3)The P-E boundary is placed at the base of a clay layer above an erosion surface with variable erosion of latest Paleocene and earliest Eocene sediments.(4)The current definition of the P-E boundary as marked by the abrupt onset of the carbon isotope excursion at the base of a clay layer is not supported at the GSSP because 50m to the left the excursion begins gradually 60cm below the P-E boundary and reaches minimum values in the boundary clay.With awareness of these limiting factors and recognition of the gradual onset of the PETM excursion the GSSP can contribute significantly to a more complete understanding of this global warm event.展开更多
The Amadeus Basin of central Australia has a depositional history spanning the Neoproterozoic to the Devonian/Carboniferous.It was initiated as part of the Neoproterozoic Centralian Superbasin,which formed in an intra...The Amadeus Basin of central Australia has a depositional history spanning the Neoproterozoic to the Devonian/Carboniferous.It was initiated as part of the Neoproterozoic Centralian Superbasin,which formed in an intracratonic setting related to the break up of Rodinia.Sedimentation continued until the 580–540 Ma Petermann Orogeny,coinciding with the assembly of Gondwana,which resulted in the fragmentation of the superbasin into separate intracratonic basins.The Petermann Orogeny was focused in the Musgrave Province and the southern part of the Amadeus Basin,and involved significant N-directed shortening on largescale structures that involved both the basement and the overlying Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks.It significantly transformed the basin architecture,with the development of major basin features that controlled subsequent sedimentation.Deposition of Paleozoic successions was largely concentrated in sub-basins and troughs in the N of the basin,where up to 14 km is preserved.Minor events or uplifts punctuated this depositional history and account for local disconformities and absent sections.The 450–300 Ma Alice Springs Orogeny was a multi-phase,intracratonic event concentrated in the Arunta Region and the northern part of the Amadeus Basin.Like the earlier Petermann Orogeny,the Alice Springs Orogeny involved both basement and basin sedimentary rocks,but with overall S-directed movement.Synorogenic sedimentation accompanied Mid–Late Devonian uplift,with Late Devonian–Carboniferous basin inversion terminating sedimentation,and folding the youngest successions.The Amadeus Basin has known reserves of U,minor historic and recent Au production,and is prospective for base metals,especially Cu,and phosphate.The Ordovician succession supports commercial gas production,and the Neoproterozoic succession is considered prospective for oil and gas.展开更多
Project No.575.Pennsylvanian terrestrial habitats and biotas of southeastern Euramerica.Countries involved:Austria,Bulgaria,Canada,Croatia,Czech Republic,Germany,Italy,Japan,Netherlands,People’s Republic of China,Pol...Project No.575.Pennsylvanian terrestrial habitats and biotas of southeastern Euramerica.Countries involved:Austria,Bulgaria,Canada,Croatia,Czech Republic,Germany,Italy,Japan,Netherlands,People’s Republic of China,Poland,Romania,Serbia,Slovenia,Ukraine,Turkey,United Kingdom,USA.展开更多
Compared to many areas of the world, the human losses caused by natural hazards are smaller in Nordic countries. This is mainly due to the low population density in the exposed areas. However, the economic losses are ...Compared to many areas of the world, the human losses caused by natural hazards are smaller in Nordic countries. This is mainly due to the low population density in the exposed areas. However, the economic losses are significant and the geohazards picture varies among the countries. The predominant natural hazards in Nordic countries are floods, landslides, and, with the exception of Denmark, snow avalanche. Volcanoes and earthquakes are major geohazards in Iceland, and parts of Norway are susceptible to seismic activity. Slidetriggered tsunamis also represent a threat to parts of the coastal areas of Nordic countries and Greenland.展开更多
The 32nd INHIGEO Symposium was held between 28 July and 5 August 2007 in Eichstatt, northeast Bavaria. This part of Bavaria is celebrated for many things, not least its diverse Jurassic fossils. Amongst the latter, th...The 32nd INHIGEO Symposium was held between 28 July and 5 August 2007 in Eichstatt, northeast Bavaria. This part of Bavaria is celebrated for many things, not least its diverse Jurassic fossils. Amongst the latter, the most famous is one of the great ＂missing links＂ in paleontology, the feathered Archaeopteryx with its reptilian teeth. Equally renowned is the lithographic limestone from Solnhofen that was used to produce the early illustrations of Archaeopteryx along with other countless maps and figures in publications well known to historians of geology. It was fitting that the symposium theme was ＂The Historical Relationship of Geology and Religion＂.展开更多
In 1997, IGCP Project No. 410 was established to appraise known records of Ordovician biotas, in order to evaluate one of the greatest-ever diversifications of life on Earth, between 489 and 443 million years ago. Dat...In 1997, IGCP Project No. 410 was established to appraise known records of Ordovician biotas, in order to evaluate one of the greatest-ever diversifications of life on Earth, between 489 and 443 million years ago. Data collection and analysis of biodiversity were coordinated through seven regional teams, and a global“clade” team.展开更多
The “9th International Symposium on the Ordovician System, 7th International Graptolite Conference & Field Meeting of the International Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy” commenced on August 12,2003, by rec...The “9th International Symposium on the Ordovician System, 7th International Graptolite Conference & Field Meeting of the International Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy” commenced on August 12,2003, by receiving in San Juan City to all participants of the pre-symposia field trip through the Precordillera of Mendoza and San Juan provinces, western Argentina. On August 13, the field trip began with the purpose to show significant Lower Paleozoic outcrops from diverse settings of the Precordillera geological province. This fivedays excursion was led by Drs. S. H. Peralta.展开更多
Arsenic(As)contamination in the groundwater is a global issue,and its adverse effects on human life and the environment have been widely described,especially in Asian countries.Myanmar is a Southeast Asian country,wit...Arsenic(As)contamination in the groundwater is a global issue,and its adverse effects on human life and the environment have been widely described,especially in Asian countries.Myanmar is a Southeast Asian country,with an annual groundwater resource potential of 495 km3.A higher amount of As contamination(>50μm)has been reported in the Ayeyarwady region.Together with As,other toxic metals and substances,such as F,Fe,Mn,and saline water intrusions have been observed to contaminate groundwater in Myanmar.Evidence and verification of health-related assessment problems still need to be carried out.The most widely used As-removal technique in Myanmar is the gravel–sand filter method.Many drinking water tube wells and dug wells in Myanmar have been tested for As contamination,but As-removal methods need improvement.No law for the regulation and management of groundwater resources has yet been implemented in the country;thus,the groundwater abstraction process is disorganized.Here,we review the assessment of the As contamination process in Myanmar,their source,and their sustainability.A protection,security,and management of groundwater in Myanmar can be sustainably improved by increasing awareness with the help of non-governmental organizations(NGOs)and international sources.展开更多
For the Anthropocene to get recognized as a real geological era,first and foremost its strata must be identified.Several geological formations such as bogs,lakebeds,reefs,ice sheets,speleothems,river estuary deposits,...For the Anthropocene to get recognized as a real geological era,first and foremost its strata must be identified.Several geological formations such as bogs,lakebeds,reefs,ice sheets,speleothems,river estuary deposits,and sea floors have been considered as potential candidates for the Anthropocene strata.This consideration arises from the emergence of novel materials associated with the Anthropocene,including radioactive isotopes,plastics,and aluminum,started to be discovered in their sediments and dramatically increased since the mid-20th century.Yet,these deposits are no longer considered‘natural’because human activities are largely controlling the transport and depositional processes from source to sink.The Municipal Solid Waste(MSW)in landfills has been also‘unnaturally’transported and deposited(landfilled)by humans.Since the 1950s,the controlled landfills have been made worldwide,and thus the opening time of the landfills is clear.The MSW layers of landfills,which appeared globally,contemporaneously,and with distinct characteristics,are indeed the‘artificial(anthropogenic)’strata showing a new and clear aspect of human influence,unprecedented in geological time.The MSW layers can be considered valuable indicators of the Anthropocene era because they not only preserve the history of human life but also sensitively demonstrate the scale of human activities like mass production,consumption,and disposal.The MSW layers can be expected to serve as a unique window into the Anthropocene.展开更多
Introduction.The International Union of Geological Sciences(IUGS)is a prominent non-governmental organization dedicated to promoting and fostering the study of geological sciences internationally.Established in 1961,t...Introduction.The International Union of Geological Sciences(IUGS)is a prominent non-governmental organization dedicated to promoting and fostering the study of geological sciences internationally.Established in 1961,the IUGS is a member of the International Science Council and plays a pivotal role in setting global standards in geological sciences,facilitating international collaboration,and supporting the coordination of major global geological events and research initiatives(Cheong and Kim,2021).One of the key events organized by the IUGS is the International Geological Congress(IGC),held every four years.This congress serves as a vital forum for geologists from around the world to share their latest research findings,discuss advancements in the field,and explore new directions in geological sciences.The IGC encompasses a wide range of topics including geology,geophysics,mineralogy,paleontology,and sedimentology,among others,reflecting the diversity and interdisciplinary nature of the field(Cheong and Kim,2021).展开更多
Authored by earnestly active and deeply perceptive earth scientists who had their ears to the ground and eyes roving the panorama of landscape,the 42 papers encompassing this tome speak volume of the range of subjects...Authored by earnestly active and deeply perceptive earth scientists who had their ears to the ground and eyes roving the panorama of landscape,the 42 papers encompassing this tome speak volume of the range of subjects,the nature of the works and the depth of analyses attempted.There is no gainsaying that together these learned papers by those who worked with the rocks,some were among the rocks all their lives,present a coherent and comprehensive narratives of the geodynamic evolution of the Indian subcontinent—a collage of multiple geological provinces such as Proterozoic and Tertiary mobile belts,the Indian Shield riven with graben-forming faults that break the Shield into a number of cratons,the continental margin framing the subcontinent all around,the lava plateau that is now dissected by faults,the Tertiary foreland basin and its sedimentary plains,and the Andaman-Nicobar Island Arc.Also discussed is a chunk of Antarctica.展开更多
Groundwater sources supply fresh drinking water to almost half of the World’s population and are a main source of water for irrigation across world.Characterization of groundwater resources,surfacegroundwater interac...Groundwater sources supply fresh drinking water to almost half of the World’s population and are a main source of water for irrigation across world.Characterization of groundwater resources,surfacegroundwater interactions and their link to the global water cycle and modern global change are important themes in hydrogeological research,whereas little attention has been given to the relation between groundwater and past climate variations.A groundwater system’s history is vital to assess its vulnerability under future and potentially adverse climatic changes.展开更多
This note is to bring to your attention a new publication from ProGEO,the European Association for Conservation of the Geological Heritage–an affiliated body of IUGS.This volume,Geoheritage in Europe,has just been pu...This note is to bring to your attention a new publication from ProGEO,the European Association for Conservation of the Geological Heritage–an affiliated body of IUGS.This volume,Geoheritage in Europe,has just been published.Details can be found on the ProGEO website at http://www.progeo.se/.展开更多
The Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden have been closely connected for many centuries, not least from a geological point of view. Scientific cooperation as well as contentions have been ...The Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden have been closely connected for many centuries, not least from a geological point of view. Scientific cooperation as well as contentions have been common. The earliest known records of ＂geological＂ treatises are from the 16th century, but especially in the 18th century, when the natural sciences flourished all over Europe, Nordic scholars were in the forefront in geochemistry, mineralogy, and paleontology. This was also the century when ＂geology＂ started to be taught at the universities, and science academies were founded in Norden, adding greatly to ＂geological＂ studies. In the 19th century, like in so many other countries, national geological survey organizations and geological societies were founded. In Norden, geological research has long traditions within mineralogy and ore geology, paleontology and stratigraphy, tectonics and structural geology. During the last century, focus has turned also to Quaternary and glacial geology, igneous and metamorphic petrology, geochemistry, micropaleontology, petroleum geology, sedimentology, marine geology, geophysics, geochronology, and research related to geothermal energy and deposition of radioactive waste products. In many of these research areas, Nordic geoscientists have contributed greatly over the years to the development of the science of geology.展开更多
文摘This paper is focused on discussing the case of Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark,in Spain,as an example to show the contribution of Geoparks to the dissemination of science and the relevance of preserving geoheritage by implementing simple measures based on communication and prevention.Natural and anthropic hazards derived from climate change are endangering heritage and the well-ness of the society.Geoheritage is vulnerable.Nowadays we are witnessing the destruction of monuments with high emotional significance due to wars,but climate change is also contributing to the loss of the same cultural heritage.Prevention is often the best way to protect geoheritage from disappearing and society is the best agent to implement preventive measures.Citizens are often unaware of the important treasures they have around them.Geoparks have been a great tool to bring awareness in society,since by involving the public in the whole process of recognition and promotion,they protect the space and the cultural and economic values associated with them.It is important to communicate the initiatives taking place in the Geoparks to explain the importance of geology and the risk of losing the geoheritage if natural hazards increase.Las Loras study is a good practice to implement in other Geoparks.
文摘Science is not an easy task to teach;it implies a comprehensive process that involves both a body of knowledge and a method of discovery.Here,we propose a oneday workshop to show how science works that we named“Chain of Science”.We present experiments that were the precursors of threshold concepts,and we encourage the children to do and explain the experiments to their families in their houses.In this paper,we choose one of the four workshops we implemented from 2016 to 2019 in Guanajuato schools and present the details and results.
基金Financial support from DST and IRCC,IIT Bombay(to KP)and DST and MoES(to VSK)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘A review of the existing knowledge on the Deccan Volcanic Province of India shows that it has a significant geographic bias towards the western parts,while the rest of the province is not as well constrained.Emerging data on its structure,geochronology and volcanology in the last decade suggests that many existing concepts and models of this large Continental Flood Basalt Province are open to revisions or replacement.
文摘Spending in international aid programmes from governments and other agencies represents a>>$100Bn US investment annually.International development and global environmental management greatly benefit from the application of high quality/appropriate geoscience and related expertise.Barriers exist,particularly between research-intensive geoscience organisations and development agencies,that inhibit the greater application of geoscience within development.
文摘Introduction The Caspian-Black Sea-Mediterranean Corridor["CORRIDOR"]encompasses the Eurasian intercontinental basins of the Caspian,Black,Marmara,Aegean,and Eastern Mediterranean(Levantine)seas with their connecting straits and coasts.Periodic connection/isolation of the basins during the Quaternary predetermined their specific environmental conditions and particular hydrologic regimes,and thus,the area,and especially the Ponto-Caspian,represents a“natural laboratory”to study the responses of semi-isolated and isolated basins to climate changes.
基金conducted at the University of Lausanne.Funding was provided to HK by the Egyptian ministry of higher education(mission No.001/013/104)Partial support was received from the University of Lausanne and the US National Science Foundation NSF OISE-0912144.
文摘We investigated the Paleocene-Eocene boundary GSSP(Dababiya quarry)near Luxor,Egypt,in two nearby(25m and 50m)sequences based on highresolution biostratigraphy,lithostratigrapy,mineralogy and geochemistry.Results confirm the many positive aspects of the Dababiya GSSP but also show potentially serious limiting factors:(1)the GSSP is located in the deepest part of a~200 m wide submarine channel,which limits its use as global type section.(2)Some lithologic units identified at the GSSP are absent or thin out and disappear within the channel and beyond.(3)The P-E boundary is placed at the base of a clay layer above an erosion surface with variable erosion of latest Paleocene and earliest Eocene sediments.(4)The current definition of the P-E boundary as marked by the abrupt onset of the carbon isotope excursion at the base of a clay layer is not supported at the GSSP because 50m to the left the excursion begins gradually 60cm below the P-E boundary and reaches minimum values in the boundary clay.With awareness of these limiting factors and recognition of the gradual onset of the PETM excursion the GSSP can contribute significantly to a more complete understanding of this global warm event.
文摘The Amadeus Basin of central Australia has a depositional history spanning the Neoproterozoic to the Devonian/Carboniferous.It was initiated as part of the Neoproterozoic Centralian Superbasin,which formed in an intracratonic setting related to the break up of Rodinia.Sedimentation continued until the 580–540 Ma Petermann Orogeny,coinciding with the assembly of Gondwana,which resulted in the fragmentation of the superbasin into separate intracratonic basins.The Petermann Orogeny was focused in the Musgrave Province and the southern part of the Amadeus Basin,and involved significant N-directed shortening on largescale structures that involved both the basement and the overlying Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks.It significantly transformed the basin architecture,with the development of major basin features that controlled subsequent sedimentation.Deposition of Paleozoic successions was largely concentrated in sub-basins and troughs in the N of the basin,where up to 14 km is preserved.Minor events or uplifts punctuated this depositional history and account for local disconformities and absent sections.The 450–300 Ma Alice Springs Orogeny was a multi-phase,intracratonic event concentrated in the Arunta Region and the northern part of the Amadeus Basin.Like the earlier Petermann Orogeny,the Alice Springs Orogeny involved both basement and basin sedimentary rocks,but with overall S-directed movement.Synorogenic sedimentation accompanied Mid–Late Devonian uplift,with Late Devonian–Carboniferous basin inversion terminating sedimentation,and folding the youngest successions.The Amadeus Basin has known reserves of U,minor historic and recent Au production,and is prospective for base metals,especially Cu,and phosphate.The Ordovician succession supports commercial gas production,and the Neoproterozoic succession is considered prospective for oil and gas.
文摘Project No.575.Pennsylvanian terrestrial habitats and biotas of southeastern Euramerica.Countries involved:Austria,Bulgaria,Canada,Croatia,Czech Republic,Germany,Italy,Japan,Netherlands,People’s Republic of China,Poland,Romania,Serbia,Slovenia,Ukraine,Turkey,United Kingdom,USA.
文摘Compared to many areas of the world, the human losses caused by natural hazards are smaller in Nordic countries. This is mainly due to the low population density in the exposed areas. However, the economic losses are significant and the geohazards picture varies among the countries. The predominant natural hazards in Nordic countries are floods, landslides, and, with the exception of Denmark, snow avalanche. Volcanoes and earthquakes are major geohazards in Iceland, and parts of Norway are susceptible to seismic activity. Slidetriggered tsunamis also represent a threat to parts of the coastal areas of Nordic countries and Greenland.
文摘The 32nd INHIGEO Symposium was held between 28 July and 5 August 2007 in Eichstatt, northeast Bavaria. This part of Bavaria is celebrated for many things, not least its diverse Jurassic fossils. Amongst the latter, the most famous is one of the great ＂missing links＂ in paleontology, the feathered Archaeopteryx with its reptilian teeth. Equally renowned is the lithographic limestone from Solnhofen that was used to produce the early illustrations of Archaeopteryx along with other countless maps and figures in publications well known to historians of geology. It was fitting that the symposium theme was ＂The Historical Relationship of Geology and Religion＂.
文摘In 1997, IGCP Project No. 410 was established to appraise known records of Ordovician biotas, in order to evaluate one of the greatest-ever diversifications of life on Earth, between 489 and 443 million years ago. Data collection and analysis of biodiversity were coordinated through seven regional teams, and a global“clade” team.
文摘The “9th International Symposium on the Ordovician System, 7th International Graptolite Conference & Field Meeting of the International Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy” commenced on August 12,2003, by receiving in San Juan City to all participants of the pre-symposia field trip through the Precordillera of Mendoza and San Juan provinces, western Argentina. On August 13, the field trip began with the purpose to show significant Lower Paleozoic outcrops from diverse settings of the Precordillera geological province. This fivedays excursion was led by Drs. S. H. Peralta.
基金the Korea Ministry of Environment through the strategic EcoSSSoil Project(grant numbers 2019002820004)the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(grant numbers 2019R1I1A2A01057002 and 2019R1A6A1A03033167).
文摘Arsenic(As)contamination in the groundwater is a global issue,and its adverse effects on human life and the environment have been widely described,especially in Asian countries.Myanmar is a Southeast Asian country,with an annual groundwater resource potential of 495 km3.A higher amount of As contamination(>50μm)has been reported in the Ayeyarwady region.Together with As,other toxic metals and substances,such as F,Fe,Mn,and saline water intrusions have been observed to contaminate groundwater in Myanmar.Evidence and verification of health-related assessment problems still need to be carried out.The most widely used As-removal technique in Myanmar is the gravel–sand filter method.Many drinking water tube wells and dug wells in Myanmar have been tested for As contamination,but As-removal methods need improvement.No law for the regulation and management of groundwater resources has yet been implemented in the country;thus,the groundwater abstraction process is disorganized.Here,we review the assessment of the As contamination process in Myanmar,their source,and their sustainability.A protection,security,and management of groundwater in Myanmar can be sustainably improved by increasing awareness with the help of non-governmental organizations(NGOs)and international sources.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(NRF-2018R1A5A7025409,NP2018-026)the Energy&Mineral Resources Development Association of Korea(EMRD)grant funded by the Korea government(MOTIE)(2021060001).
文摘For the Anthropocene to get recognized as a real geological era,first and foremost its strata must be identified.Several geological formations such as bogs,lakebeds,reefs,ice sheets,speleothems,river estuary deposits,and sea floors have been considered as potential candidates for the Anthropocene strata.This consideration arises from the emergence of novel materials associated with the Anthropocene,including radioactive isotopes,plastics,and aluminum,started to be discovered in their sediments and dramatically increased since the mid-20th century.Yet,these deposits are no longer considered‘natural’because human activities are largely controlling the transport and depositional processes from source to sink.The Municipal Solid Waste(MSW)in landfills has been also‘unnaturally’transported and deposited(landfilled)by humans.Since the 1950s,the controlled landfills have been made worldwide,and thus the opening time of the landfills is clear.The MSW layers of landfills,which appeared globally,contemporaneously,and with distinct characteristics,are indeed the‘artificial(anthropogenic)’strata showing a new and clear aspect of human influence,unprecedented in geological time.The MSW layers can be considered valuable indicators of the Anthropocene era because they not only preserve the history of human life but also sensitively demonstrate the scale of human activities like mass production,consumption,and disposal.The MSW layers can be expected to serve as a unique window into the Anthropocene.
文摘Introduction.The International Union of Geological Sciences(IUGS)is a prominent non-governmental organization dedicated to promoting and fostering the study of geological sciences internationally.Established in 1961,the IUGS is a member of the International Science Council and plays a pivotal role in setting global standards in geological sciences,facilitating international collaboration,and supporting the coordination of major global geological events and research initiatives(Cheong and Kim,2021).One of the key events organized by the IUGS is the International Geological Congress(IGC),held every four years.This congress serves as a vital forum for geologists from around the world to share their latest research findings,discuss advancements in the field,and explore new directions in geological sciences.The IGC encompasses a wide range of topics including geology,geophysics,mineralogy,paleontology,and sedimentology,among others,reflecting the diversity and interdisciplinary nature of the field(Cheong and Kim,2021).
文摘Authored by earnestly active and deeply perceptive earth scientists who had their ears to the ground and eyes roving the panorama of landscape,the 42 papers encompassing this tome speak volume of the range of subjects,the nature of the works and the depth of analyses attempted.There is no gainsaying that together these learned papers by those who worked with the rocks,some were among the rocks all their lives,present a coherent and comprehensive narratives of the geodynamic evolution of the Indian subcontinent—a collage of multiple geological provinces such as Proterozoic and Tertiary mobile belts,the Indian Shield riven with graben-forming faults that break the Shield into a number of cratons,the continental margin framing the subcontinent all around,the lava plateau that is now dissected by faults,the Tertiary foreland basin and its sedimentary plains,and the Andaman-Nicobar Island Arc.Also discussed is a chunk of Antarctica.
基金Financial support to for the years 20011-2015 was provided by IUGS/UNESCO,through their joint program IGCP(IGCP-618),from INQUA,and from UNESCO-IHP,through the project GRAPHIC.
文摘Groundwater sources supply fresh drinking water to almost half of the World’s population and are a main source of water for irrigation across world.Characterization of groundwater resources,surfacegroundwater interactions and their link to the global water cycle and modern global change are important themes in hydrogeological research,whereas little attention has been given to the relation between groundwater and past climate variations.A groundwater system’s history is vital to assess its vulnerability under future and potentially adverse climatic changes.
文摘This note is to bring to your attention a new publication from ProGEO,the European Association for Conservation of the Geological Heritage–an affiliated body of IUGS.This volume,Geoheritage in Europe,has just been published.Details can be found on the ProGEO website at http://www.progeo.se/.
文摘The Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden have been closely connected for many centuries, not least from a geological point of view. Scientific cooperation as well as contentions have been common. The earliest known records of ＂geological＂ treatises are from the 16th century, but especially in the 18th century, when the natural sciences flourished all over Europe, Nordic scholars were in the forefront in geochemistry, mineralogy, and paleontology. This was also the century when ＂geology＂ started to be taught at the universities, and science academies were founded in Norden, adding greatly to ＂geological＂ studies. In the 19th century, like in so many other countries, national geological survey organizations and geological societies were founded. In Norden, geological research has long traditions within mineralogy and ore geology, paleontology and stratigraphy, tectonics and structural geology. During the last century, focus has turned also to Quaternary and glacial geology, igneous and metamorphic petrology, geochemistry, micropaleontology, petroleum geology, sedimentology, marine geology, geophysics, geochronology, and research related to geothermal energy and deposition of radioactive waste products. In many of these research areas, Nordic geoscientists have contributed greatly over the years to the development of the science of geology.
