State of research： characteristics, function, and dating of Roman brass tokens Tokens （tesserae） formed part of everyday material culture of both Greeks and Romans.1 Made of wood, bone, clay, or metal, they facilit...State of research： characteristics, function, and dating of Roman brass tokens Tokens （tesserae） formed part of everyday material culture of both Greeks and Romans.1 Made of wood, bone, clay, or metal, they facilitated, for example, entry into the theatre, identification of soldiers, participation in political meetings, or the receipt of a special amount of grain.2展开更多
Reforestation initiatives are often limited by insufficient seeds,a problem exacerbated by natural variability in tree flowering and seed production and climate change and other environmental challenges.Innovative and...Reforestation initiatives are often limited by insufficient seeds,a problem exacerbated by natural variability in tree flowering and seed production and climate change and other environmental challenges.Innovative and adaptive solutions such as in vitro propagation are thus needed.Tissue culture can provide high-quality propagation material for tree conservation and mass propagation,but faces technical,economic,regulatory,and social barriers.Obstacles related to the academia-industry interface and to stakeholder concerns are discussed and actions suggested to overcome these barriers to realize the full potential of tree micropropagation.These include refining techniques to improve efficiency and reduce costs;establishing collaborations among researchers,industry,and foresters;and reducing points of contention and misinformation regarding genetic diversity and public perception.International collaborative initiatives,exemplified by the EU COST Action CA21157 COPYTREE,are elementary for achieving these goals.展开更多
The niche discipline of Indo-European Studies has proven itself to be prevailingly au courant by launching several projects in the field of online etymological dictionaries.My paper will offer an overview of these pro...The niche discipline of Indo-European Studies has proven itself to be prevailingly au courant by launching several projects in the field of online etymological dictionaries.My paper will offer an overview of these projects(including the Lexicon Etymologicum Digitale Indoeuropaeum(LEDI)directed by me)and analyse their approaches,features,and peculiarities(e.g.,commercial vs.open access).Special attention will paid to the projects’inclusions of phonetic rules and affixes,which makes derivation transparent and is helpful for didactic purposes.展开更多
About 44%of the world’s cocoa is produced in one single country,Côte d’Ivoire.Providing this important raw material,most Ivorian cocoa farmers live in severe poverty,which,despite a multitude of sector interven...About 44%of the world’s cocoa is produced in one single country,Côte d’Ivoire.Providing this important raw material,most Ivorian cocoa farmers live in severe poverty,which,despite a multitude of sector interventions,is still widespread,affecting social and environmental sustainability in cocoa production.In this context,cocoa farmers are still often treated as a homogeneous group of small-scale producers(mainly males),resulting in interventions being conceptualized as one-size-fits-all approaches and failing to deliver support schemes that take farmers’specific conditions appropriately into account.Applying a broader typology approach that combines farm characteristics with farmers’characteristics,this study aims to delineate Ivorian cocoa farmers and their farms into specific types in order to improve advice for targeted sustainability interventions and living income(LI)potentials.Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis of a household dataset collected in 2022 in five cocoa-growing regions of Côte d’Ivoire were chosen to identify types of male-headed farms.To assure gender sensitive analysis,a female-headed farm type was created artificially.The specific characteristics of the identified types were captured using descriptive analysis.Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were then applied to examine the relationships between these farm types and various outcomes.Additionally,a binary logistic model was used to estimate the probability of these links in relation to variables relevant for achieving a LI.Finally,Spearman non-parametric correlation was used to identify eventual differences in the strength of relationships between key variables per farm type.Three different types of male-headed farms are identified:type 1(the most productive and diversified farms with larger size),type 2(middle-sized farms with strong focus on cash crops),and type 3(small-sized farms with a good level of diversification for self-consumption).The artificially created type 4 represents female-headed farms with the smallest size.On average,none of these farm types achieves a LI.However,type 1 shows the smallest LI gap,while type 4 is by far the worst.Our analyses reveal underlying socio-economic factors systematically disadvantaging female-headed cocoa farms,most notably limited access to land and other material assets.The key contribution of this study lies in the empirical identification of the different characteristics of farms in a given farming system,thereby identifying the need for targeted support interventions.Type-specific recommendations are made,showing pathways to provide tailored programs to farmers of different types in order to reduce their LI gaps.展开更多
Rice(Oryza sativa)is a staple food for more than half of the world's population and a critical crop for global agriculture.Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression in the rice genome is...Rice(Oryza sativa)is a staple food for more than half of the world's population and a critical crop for global agriculture.Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression in the rice genome is fundamental for advancing agricultural productivity and food security.In mechanism,cis-regulatory elements(including promoters,enhancers,silencers,and insulators)are key DNA sequences whose activities determine the spatial and temporal expression patterns of nearby genes(Yocca and Edger,2022;Schmitz et al.,2022).展开更多
Dear Editor,The importance of the medial entorhinal cortex(MEC)for memory and spatial navigation has been shown repeatedly in many species,including mice and humans[1,2].It is,therefore,not surprising that the connect...Dear Editor,The importance of the medial entorhinal cortex(MEC)for memory and spatial navigation has been shown repeatedly in many species,including mice and humans[1,2].It is,therefore,not surprising that the connectivity of this structure has been studied extensively over the past century,mainly using a range of anterograde and retrograde anatomical tracers[3].展开更多
Organoid technology,characterized by high fidelity in mimicking the in vivo microenvironment,preservation of tumor heterogeneity,and capacity for high-throughput operations,has emerged as a critical tool in head and n...Organoid technology,characterized by high fidelity in mimicking the in vivo microenvironment,preservation of tumor heterogeneity,and capacity for high-throughput operations,has emerged as a critical tool in head and neck cancer research.To address clinical challenges in head and neck cancer management—including marked tumor heterogeneity,therapeutic resistance,and significant prognostic variability—this review focuses on four key translational applications of organoid technology:In mechanistic studies,organoid models provide a reliable platform for investigating tumorigenesis,progression,and drug resistancemechanisms.In personalized therapy,organoid-based drug sensitivity testing enables data-driven clinical decision-making.For biomarker discovery,organoids facilitate the identification of novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.With ongoing improvements and standardization of organoid culture systems,this technology holds substantial promise for advancing precision medicine in head and neck cancer,bridging the gap between basic research and clinical practice.展开更多
We construct an exchange-traded fund(ETF)based on the CRyptocurrency IndeX(CRIX),which closely maps nonstationary cryptocurrency(CC)dynamics by adapting the weights of its constituents dynamically.Our scenario analysi...We construct an exchange-traded fund(ETF)based on the CRyptocurrency IndeX(CRIX),which closely maps nonstationary cryptocurrency(CC)dynamics by adapting the weights of its constituents dynamically.Our scenario analysis considers the fee schedules of regulated CC exchanges,spreads obtained from order book data,and investment in-&outflows to the ETF are modelled stochastically.The scenario analysis yields valuable insights into the mechanisms,costs,and risks of this innovative financial product:i)although the composition of the CRIX ETF changes frequently(from 5 to 30 constituents),it remains robust in its core,as the weights of Bitcoin(BTC)and Ethereum(ETH)are robust over time;ii)on average,5.2%needs to be rebalanced on the rebalancing dates;iii)trading costs are low compared with traditional assets;iv)the liquidity of the CC sector increases significantly during the analysis period;spreads occur,especially for altcoins and increase with the size of the transactions.However,because BTC and ETH are the most affected by rebalancing,the cost of spreads remains limited.展开更多
BACKGROUND The generation of intrabony defects due to the iatrogenic use of elastic bands is an undesirable situation that can result in persistent gingival inflammation with subsequent bone degradation,thus ultimatel...BACKGROUND The generation of intrabony defects due to the iatrogenic use of elastic bands is an undesirable situation that can result in persistent gingival inflammation with subsequent bone degradation,thus ultimately leading to tooth loss.CASE SUMMARY This clinical case involved a 27-year-old male patient who complained of persistent inflammation and bleeding in the upper anterior region of the gums,despite having undergone dental cleaning for at least 4 years.The dental and medical history indicated the use of removable orthodontic appliances for 8 years,after which braces were placed for 2 years.The intraoral evaluation revealed inflammation and localized suppuration in teeth 11 and 12.Measurements of 2-7 mm for probing depth and 1-5 mm for clinical attachment loss were detected,and combined bone loss was observed via radiographs.Based on the clinical and radiographic findings,localized stage III,grade C periodontitis was diagnosed.During subgingival debridement,two elastic bands emerged around the involved teeth.The bone defects persisted;therefore,they were surgically addressed using a papilla preservation flap and guided tissue regeneration(GTR).CONCLUSION The use of elastic bands of various sizes and elasticities is often essential in multiple orthodontic treatments.However,it is crucial to perform a thorough check-up for each patient during treatment and at the end of treatment to remove any remaining residue of resin,metal bands,or orthodontic bands.Additionally,it is imperative to inform the patients of the importance of attending their follow-up appointments.The use of elastic bands in orthodontics requires special care;moreover,GTR is a management option for intrabony defects associated with the iatrogenic use of bands.展开更多
This paper investigates the optimization of data sampling and target labeling techniques to enhance algorithmic trading strategies in cryptocurrency markets,focusing on Bitcoin(BTC)and Ethereum(ETH).Traditional data s...This paper investigates the optimization of data sampling and target labeling techniques to enhance algorithmic trading strategies in cryptocurrency markets,focusing on Bitcoin(BTC)and Ethereum(ETH).Traditional data sampling methods,such as time bars,often fail to capture the nuances of the continuously active and highly volatile cryptocurrency market and force traders to wait for arbitrary points in time.To address this,we propose an alternative approach using information-driven sampling methods,including the CUSUM filter,range bars,volume bars,and dollar bars,and evaluate their performance using tick-level data from January 2018 to June 2023.Additionally,we introduce the Triple Barrier method for target labeling,which offers a solution tailored for algorithmic trading as opposed to the widely used next-bar prediction.We empirically assess the effectiveness of these data sampling and labeling methods to craft profitable trading strategies.The results demonstrate that the innovative combination of CUSUM-filtered data with Triple Barrier labeling outperforms traditional time bars and next-bar prediction,achieving consistently positive trading performance even after accounting for transaction costs.Moreover,our system enables making trading decisions at any point in time on the basis of market conditions,providing an advantage over traditional methods that rely on fixed time intervals.Furthermore,the paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the applicability of Transformer models to time series classification in the context of algorithmic trading by evaluating various Transformer architectures—including the vanilla Transformer encoder,FEDformer,and Autoformer—alongside other deep learning architectures and classical machine learning models,revealing insights into their relative performance.展开更多
Concerns about air quality in dental clinics where aerosol generation during procedures poses significant health risks,have prompted investigations on advanced disinfection technologies.This editorial describes the st...Concerns about air quality in dental clinics where aerosol generation during procedures poses significant health risks,have prompted investigations on advanced disinfection technologies.This editorial describes the strengths and limitations of ventilation and aerosol control measures in dental offices,especially with respect to the use of graphene nanocomposites.The potential of graphene nanocomposites as an innovative solution to aerosol-associated health risks is examined in this review due to the unique properties of graphene(e.g.,high con-ductivity,mechanical strength,and antimicrobial activity).These properties have produced promising results in various fields,but the application of graphene in dentistry remains unexplored.The recent study by Ju et al which was published in World Journal of Clinical Cases evaluated the effectiveness of graphene-based air disinfection systems in dental clinics.The study demonstrated that graphene-based disinfection techniques produced significant reductions in suspended particulate matter and bacterial colony counts,when co-mpared with traditional methods.Despite these positive results,challenges such as material saturation,frequency of filter replacement,and associated costs must be addressed before widespread adoption of graphene-based disinfection techniques in clinical practice.Therefore,there is need for further research on material structure optimization,long-term safety evaluations,and broader clinical applications,in order to maximize their positive impact on public health.展开更多
In today’s digital era,the rapid evolution of image editing technologies has brought about a significant simplification of image manipulation.Unfortunately,this progress has also given rise to the misuse of manipulat...In today’s digital era,the rapid evolution of image editing technologies has brought about a significant simplification of image manipulation.Unfortunately,this progress has also given rise to the misuse of manipulated images across various domains.One of the pressing challenges stemming from this advancement is the increasing difficulty in discerning between unaltered and manipulated images.This paper offers a comprehensive survey of existing methodologies for detecting image tampering,shedding light on the diverse approaches employed in the field of contemporary image forensics.The methods used to identify image forgery can be broadly classified into two primary categories:classical machine learning techniques,heavily reliant on manually crafted features,and deep learning methods.Additionally,this paper explores recent developments in image forensics,placing particular emphasis on the detection of counterfeit colorization.Image colorization involves predicting colors for grayscale images,thereby enhancing their visual appeal.The advancements in colorization techniques have reached a level where distinguishing between authentic and forged images with the naked eye has become an exceptionally challenging task.This paper serves as an in-depth exploration of the intricacies of image forensics in the modern age,with a specific focus on the detection of colorization forgery,presenting a comprehensive overview of methodologies in this critical field.展开更多
BACKGROUND Epulis fissuratum is an inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia characterized by pseudotumoral growth in the soft tissues of the oral mucosa.It is a multifactorial condition caused by factors such as poor oral hyg...BACKGROUND Epulis fissuratum is an inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia characterized by pseudotumoral growth in the soft tissues of the oral mucosa.It is a multifactorial condition caused by factors such as poor oral hygiene,prolonged use of ill-fitting dentures,continuous use of dentures without intervals of rest,and underlying systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and coagulation disorders.Although initially asymptomatic if left untreated,the lesion may result in complications such as ulcerations,secondary infections,and interference with speech,masticatory function,and oral aesthetics with significant adverse impact on the patient.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old female patient with no significant medical history presented to the dental clinic with tissue overgrowth and depression of the upper lip.She reported 30 years of continuous use of a complete maxillary denture without ever removing it.The management of this condition required a multidisciplinary approach to ensure accurate diagnosis and a strategic treatment plan tailored to her systemic health and the severity of the oral condition.The diagnosis of epulis fissuratum was confirmed through histopathological analysis.Treatment was implemented in two phases:Surgical and prosthetic.The surgical phase involved excision of the excess tissue and placement of a free gingival graft in the anterior maxillary vestibular area in order to deepen the vestibule and optimize the ridge for prosthetic rehabilitation.The prosthetic phase involved fabrication and placement of a new complete denture.CONCLUSION The multidisciplinary management of epulis fissuratum resulted in precise clinical diagnosis,effective soft tissue management,and appropriate prosthetic adjustments,thereby ensuring favorable long-term outcomes for the patient.展开更多
The magnetic fields and dynamical processes in the solar polar regions play a crucial role in the solar magnetic cycle and in supplying mass and energy to the fast solar wind,ultimately being vital in controlling sola...The magnetic fields and dynamical processes in the solar polar regions play a crucial role in the solar magnetic cycle and in supplying mass and energy to the fast solar wind,ultimately being vital in controlling solar activities and driving space weather.Despite numerous efforts to explore these regions,to date no imaging observations of the Sun's poles have been achieved from vantage points out of the ecliptic plane,leaving their behavior and evolution poorly understood.This observation gap has left three top-level scientific questions unanswered:How does the solar dynamo work and drive the solar magnetic cycle?What drives the fast solar wind?How do space weather processes globally originate from the Sun and propagate throughout the solar system?The Solar Polarorbit Observatory(SPO)mission,a solar polar exploration spacecraft,is proposed to address these three unanswered scientific questions by imaging the Sun's poles from high heliolatitudes.In order to achieve its scientific goals,SPO will carry six remote-sensing and four in-situ instruments to measure the vector magnetic fields and Doppler velocity fields in the photosphere,to observe the Sun in the extreme ultraviolet,X-ray,and radio wavelengths,to image the corona and the heliosphere up to 45 R_(s),and to perform in-situ detection of magnetic fields,and low-and high-energy particles in the solar wind.The SPO mission is capable of providing critical vector magnetic fields and Doppler velocities of the polar regions to advance our understanding of the origin of the solar magnetic cycle,providing unprecedented imaging observations of the solar poles alongside in-situ measurements of charged particles and magnetic fields from high heliolatitudes to unveil the mass and energy supply that drive the fast solar wind,and providing observational constraints for improving our ability to model and predict the three-dimensional(3D)structures and propagation of space weather events.展开更多
文摘State of research： characteristics, function, and dating of Roman brass tokens Tokens （tesserae） formed part of everyday material culture of both Greeks and Romans.1 Made of wood, bone, clay, or metal, they facilitated, for example, entry into the theatre, identification of soldiers, participation in political meetings, or the receipt of a special amount of grain.2
基金funded by COST Action CA21157“European Network for Innovative Woody Plant Cloning”www.cost.eusupported by COST(European Cooperation in Science and Technology)www.cost.eu。
文摘Reforestation initiatives are often limited by insufficient seeds,a problem exacerbated by natural variability in tree flowering and seed production and climate change and other environmental challenges.Innovative and adaptive solutions such as in vitro propagation are thus needed.Tissue culture can provide high-quality propagation material for tree conservation and mass propagation,but faces technical,economic,regulatory,and social barriers.Obstacles related to the academia-industry interface and to stakeholder concerns are discussed and actions suggested to overcome these barriers to realize the full potential of tree micropropagation.These include refining techniques to improve efficiency and reduce costs;establishing collaborations among researchers,industry,and foresters;and reducing points of contention and misinformation regarding genetic diversity and public perception.International collaborative initiatives,exemplified by the EU COST Action CA21157 COPYTREE,are elementary for achieving these goals.
文摘The niche discipline of Indo-European Studies has proven itself to be prevailingly au courant by launching several projects in the field of online etymological dictionaries.My paper will offer an overview of these projects(including the Lexicon Etymologicum Digitale Indoeuropaeum(LEDI)directed by me)and analyse their approaches,features,and peculiarities(e.g.,commercial vs.open access).Special attention will paid to the projects’inclusions of phonetic rules and affixes,which makes derivation transparent and is helpful for didactic purposes.
基金This work was conducted in the frame of the accompanying research on strategies for improving farmer families’incomes and sustainable cocoa production funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development(BMZ).
文摘About 44%of the world’s cocoa is produced in one single country,Côte d’Ivoire.Providing this important raw material,most Ivorian cocoa farmers live in severe poverty,which,despite a multitude of sector interventions,is still widespread,affecting social and environmental sustainability in cocoa production.In this context,cocoa farmers are still often treated as a homogeneous group of small-scale producers(mainly males),resulting in interventions being conceptualized as one-size-fits-all approaches and failing to deliver support schemes that take farmers’specific conditions appropriately into account.Applying a broader typology approach that combines farm characteristics with farmers’characteristics,this study aims to delineate Ivorian cocoa farmers and their farms into specific types in order to improve advice for targeted sustainability interventions and living income(LI)potentials.Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis of a household dataset collected in 2022 in five cocoa-growing regions of Côte d’Ivoire were chosen to identify types of male-headed farms.To assure gender sensitive analysis,a female-headed farm type was created artificially.The specific characteristics of the identified types were captured using descriptive analysis.Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were then applied to examine the relationships between these farm types and various outcomes.Additionally,a binary logistic model was used to estimate the probability of these links in relation to variables relevant for achieving a LI.Finally,Spearman non-parametric correlation was used to identify eventual differences in the strength of relationships between key variables per farm type.Three different types of male-headed farms are identified:type 1(the most productive and diversified farms with larger size),type 2(middle-sized farms with strong focus on cash crops),and type 3(small-sized farms with a good level of diversification for self-consumption).The artificially created type 4 represents female-headed farms with the smallest size.On average,none of these farm types achieves a LI.However,type 1 shows the smallest LI gap,while type 4 is by far the worst.Our analyses reveal underlying socio-economic factors systematically disadvantaging female-headed cocoa farms,most notably limited access to land and other material assets.The key contribution of this study lies in the empirical identification of the different characteristics of farms in a given farming system,thereby identifying the need for targeted support interventions.Type-specific recommendations are made,showing pathways to provide tailored programs to farmers of different types in order to reduce their LI gaps.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070656)。
文摘Rice(Oryza sativa)is a staple food for more than half of the world's population and a critical crop for global agriculture.Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression in the rice genome is fundamental for advancing agricultural productivity and food security.In mechanism,cis-regulatory elements(including promoters,enhancers,silencers,and insulators)are key DNA sequences whose activities determine the spatial and temporal expression patterns of nearby genes(Yocca and Edger,2022;Schmitz et al.,2022).
文摘Dear Editor,The importance of the medial entorhinal cortex(MEC)for memory and spatial navigation has been shown repeatedly in many species,including mice and humans[1,2].It is,therefore,not surprising that the connectivity of this structure has been studied extensively over the past century,mainly using a range of anterograde and retrograde anatomical tracers[3].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82072997)the BeijingMunicipal Science&Technology Commission(No.Z221100007422045)BeijingMunicipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support(Code:ZLRK202304).
文摘Organoid technology,characterized by high fidelity in mimicking the in vivo microenvironment,preservation of tumor heterogeneity,and capacity for high-throughput operations,has emerged as a critical tool in head and neck cancer research.To address clinical challenges in head and neck cancer management—including marked tumor heterogeneity,therapeutic resistance,and significant prognostic variability—this review focuses on four key translational applications of organoid technology:In mechanistic studies,organoid models provide a reliable platform for investigating tumorigenesis,progression,and drug resistancemechanisms.In personalized therapy,organoid-based drug sensitivity testing enables data-driven clinical decision-making.For biomarker discovery,organoids facilitate the identification of novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.With ongoing improvements and standardization of organoid culture systems,this technology holds substantial promise for advancing precision medicine in head and neck cancer,bridging the gap between basic research and clinical practice.
基金Financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft via the IRTG 1792"High-dimensional,Non-stationary Time Series",Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin,is gratefully acknowledgedfunding from the European Union’s"FIN-TECH:A Financial supervision and Technology compliance training programme"under the Grant agreement No 825215.
文摘We construct an exchange-traded fund(ETF)based on the CRyptocurrency IndeX(CRIX),which closely maps nonstationary cryptocurrency(CC)dynamics by adapting the weights of its constituents dynamically.Our scenario analysis considers the fee schedules of regulated CC exchanges,spreads obtained from order book data,and investment in-&outflows to the ETF are modelled stochastically.The scenario analysis yields valuable insights into the mechanisms,costs,and risks of this innovative financial product:i)although the composition of the CRIX ETF changes frequently(from 5 to 30 constituents),it remains robust in its core,as the weights of Bitcoin(BTC)and Ethereum(ETH)are robust over time;ii)on average,5.2%needs to be rebalanced on the rebalancing dates;iii)trading costs are low compared with traditional assets;iv)the liquidity of the CC sector increases significantly during the analysis period;spreads occur,especially for altcoins and increase with the size of the transactions.However,because BTC and ETH are the most affected by rebalancing,the cost of spreads remains limited.
文摘BACKGROUND The generation of intrabony defects due to the iatrogenic use of elastic bands is an undesirable situation that can result in persistent gingival inflammation with subsequent bone degradation,thus ultimately leading to tooth loss.CASE SUMMARY This clinical case involved a 27-year-old male patient who complained of persistent inflammation and bleeding in the upper anterior region of the gums,despite having undergone dental cleaning for at least 4 years.The dental and medical history indicated the use of removable orthodontic appliances for 8 years,after which braces were placed for 2 years.The intraoral evaluation revealed inflammation and localized suppuration in teeth 11 and 12.Measurements of 2-7 mm for probing depth and 1-5 mm for clinical attachment loss were detected,and combined bone loss was observed via radiographs.Based on the clinical and radiographic findings,localized stage III,grade C periodontitis was diagnosed.During subgingival debridement,two elastic bands emerged around the involved teeth.The bone defects persisted;therefore,they were surgically addressed using a papilla preservation flap and guided tissue regeneration(GTR).CONCLUSION The use of elastic bands of various sizes and elasticities is often essential in multiple orthodontic treatments.However,it is crucial to perform a thorough check-up for each patient during treatment and at the end of treatment to remove any remaining residue of resin,metal bands,or orthodontic bands.Additionally,it is imperative to inform the patients of the importance of attending their follow-up appointments.The use of elastic bands in orthodontics requires special care;moreover,GTR is a management option for intrabony defects associated with the iatrogenic use of bands.
基金support of the University of Warsaw under’New Ideas 3B’competition in POB Ⅲ implemented under the’Excellence Initiative-Research University’Programme.
文摘This paper investigates the optimization of data sampling and target labeling techniques to enhance algorithmic trading strategies in cryptocurrency markets,focusing on Bitcoin(BTC)and Ethereum(ETH).Traditional data sampling methods,such as time bars,often fail to capture the nuances of the continuously active and highly volatile cryptocurrency market and force traders to wait for arbitrary points in time.To address this,we propose an alternative approach using information-driven sampling methods,including the CUSUM filter,range bars,volume bars,and dollar bars,and evaluate their performance using tick-level data from January 2018 to June 2023.Additionally,we introduce the Triple Barrier method for target labeling,which offers a solution tailored for algorithmic trading as opposed to the widely used next-bar prediction.We empirically assess the effectiveness of these data sampling and labeling methods to craft profitable trading strategies.The results demonstrate that the innovative combination of CUSUM-filtered data with Triple Barrier labeling outperforms traditional time bars and next-bar prediction,achieving consistently positive trading performance even after accounting for transaction costs.Moreover,our system enables making trading decisions at any point in time on the basis of market conditions,providing an advantage over traditional methods that rely on fixed time intervals.Furthermore,the paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the applicability of Transformer models to time series classification in the context of algorithmic trading by evaluating various Transformer architectures—including the vanilla Transformer encoder,FEDformer,and Autoformer—alongside other deep learning architectures and classical machine learning models,revealing insights into their relative performance.
文摘Concerns about air quality in dental clinics where aerosol generation during procedures poses significant health risks,have prompted investigations on advanced disinfection technologies.This editorial describes the strengths and limitations of ventilation and aerosol control measures in dental offices,especially with respect to the use of graphene nanocomposites.The potential of graphene nanocomposites as an innovative solution to aerosol-associated health risks is examined in this review due to the unique properties of graphene(e.g.,high con-ductivity,mechanical strength,and antimicrobial activity).These properties have produced promising results in various fields,but the application of graphene in dentistry remains unexplored.The recent study by Ju et al which was published in World Journal of Clinical Cases evaluated the effectiveness of graphene-based air disinfection systems in dental clinics.The study demonstrated that graphene-based disinfection techniques produced significant reductions in suspended particulate matter and bacterial colony counts,when co-mpared with traditional methods.Despite these positive results,challenges such as material saturation,frequency of filter replacement,and associated costs must be addressed before widespread adoption of graphene-based disinfection techniques in clinical practice.Therefore,there is need for further research on material structure optimization,long-term safety evaluations,and broader clinical applications,in order to maximize their positive impact on public health.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2021R1I1A3049788).
文摘In today’s digital era,the rapid evolution of image editing technologies has brought about a significant simplification of image manipulation.Unfortunately,this progress has also given rise to the misuse of manipulated images across various domains.One of the pressing challenges stemming from this advancement is the increasing difficulty in discerning between unaltered and manipulated images.This paper offers a comprehensive survey of existing methodologies for detecting image tampering,shedding light on the diverse approaches employed in the field of contemporary image forensics.The methods used to identify image forgery can be broadly classified into two primary categories:classical machine learning techniques,heavily reliant on manually crafted features,and deep learning methods.Additionally,this paper explores recent developments in image forensics,placing particular emphasis on the detection of counterfeit colorization.Image colorization involves predicting colors for grayscale images,thereby enhancing their visual appeal.The advancements in colorization techniques have reached a level where distinguishing between authentic and forged images with the naked eye has become an exceptionally challenging task.This paper serves as an in-depth exploration of the intricacies of image forensics in the modern age,with a specific focus on the detection of colorization forgery,presenting a comprehensive overview of methodologies in this critical field.
文摘BACKGROUND Epulis fissuratum is an inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia characterized by pseudotumoral growth in the soft tissues of the oral mucosa.It is a multifactorial condition caused by factors such as poor oral hygiene,prolonged use of ill-fitting dentures,continuous use of dentures without intervals of rest,and underlying systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and coagulation disorders.Although initially asymptomatic if left untreated,the lesion may result in complications such as ulcerations,secondary infections,and interference with speech,masticatory function,and oral aesthetics with significant adverse impact on the patient.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old female patient with no significant medical history presented to the dental clinic with tissue overgrowth and depression of the upper lip.She reported 30 years of continuous use of a complete maxillary denture without ever removing it.The management of this condition required a multidisciplinary approach to ensure accurate diagnosis and a strategic treatment plan tailored to her systemic health and the severity of the oral condition.The diagnosis of epulis fissuratum was confirmed through histopathological analysis.Treatment was implemented in two phases:Surgical and prosthetic.The surgical phase involved excision of the excess tissue and placement of a free gingival graft in the anterior maxillary vestibular area in order to deepen the vestibule and optimize the ridge for prosthetic rehabilitation.The prosthetic phase involved fabrication and placement of a new complete denture.CONCLUSION The multidisciplinary management of epulis fissuratum resulted in precise clinical diagnosis,effective soft tissue management,and appropriate prosthetic adjustments,thereby ensuring favorable long-term outcomes for the patient.
文摘The magnetic fields and dynamical processes in the solar polar regions play a crucial role in the solar magnetic cycle and in supplying mass and energy to the fast solar wind,ultimately being vital in controlling solar activities and driving space weather.Despite numerous efforts to explore these regions,to date no imaging observations of the Sun's poles have been achieved from vantage points out of the ecliptic plane,leaving their behavior and evolution poorly understood.This observation gap has left three top-level scientific questions unanswered:How does the solar dynamo work and drive the solar magnetic cycle?What drives the fast solar wind?How do space weather processes globally originate from the Sun and propagate throughout the solar system?The Solar Polarorbit Observatory(SPO)mission,a solar polar exploration spacecraft,is proposed to address these three unanswered scientific questions by imaging the Sun's poles from high heliolatitudes.In order to achieve its scientific goals,SPO will carry six remote-sensing and four in-situ instruments to measure the vector magnetic fields and Doppler velocity fields in the photosphere,to observe the Sun in the extreme ultraviolet,X-ray,and radio wavelengths,to image the corona and the heliosphere up to 45 R_(s),and to perform in-situ detection of magnetic fields,and low-and high-energy particles in the solar wind.The SPO mission is capable of providing critical vector magnetic fields and Doppler velocities of the polar regions to advance our understanding of the origin of the solar magnetic cycle,providing unprecedented imaging observations of the solar poles alongside in-situ measurements of charged particles and magnetic fields from high heliolatitudes to unveil the mass and energy supply that drive the fast solar wind,and providing observational constraints for improving our ability to model and predict the three-dimensional(3D)structures and propagation of space weather events.
