BACKGROUND Surgery and percutaneous radiological methods[puncture,aspiration,injection,re-aspiration(PAIR)]are the current invasive treatment strategies for patients with hepatic hydatid cyst(HHC).Biliary leak is a co...BACKGROUND Surgery and percutaneous radiological methods[puncture,aspiration,injection,re-aspiration(PAIR)]are the current invasive treatment strategies for patients with hepatic hydatid cyst(HHC).Biliary leak is a common complication in patients who underwent these treatments of HHC.Bile leak should be treated effectively as uncontrolled biliary fistula may lead to life-treating conditions such as severe cholangitis,intraabdominal abscesses and septicemia.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)has become the main treatment of post-interventional biliary fistula.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ERCP in the management of biliary fistula following HHC-related surgery or PAIR.METHODS We evaluated data of patients who developed bile leakage following HHC-related interventions from endemic area during the period of March 2017 and February 2025.We included 88 patients(50 female,57%)with a median age of 33 years(range:8-83 years)at the time of ERCP.Bile leak occurred following surgery in 72(82%)patients and after PAIR in 16(18%)patients.Low-grade leakage(<400 mL/day)was identified in 46(52%)patients.RESULTS Initial mode of ERCP was endoscopic sphincterotomy(ES)with biliary drainage(plastic stent or nasobiliary drain)in 73(83%)patients and ES alone in remaining 15(17%)patients.Six patients who initially treated by ES alone had persistent fistula and underwent repeat ERCP with stent placement.ERCP type(ES+biliary stenting)and fistula flow rate(<400 mL/day)were significantly associated with 20-days complete closure of the fistula[P=0.020;odds ratio(OR)=5.27,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.30-21.37]and(P=0.008;OR=3.43,95%CI:1.37-8.55),respectively.ERCP-related complications were mild pancreatitis in 5(5.9%)patients and minor bleeding in 4(4.7%)patients and mild-moderate cholangitis in 4(4.7%)patients.CONCLUSION This case based-study from endemic area demonstrates that ERCP is highly effective and safe for managing bile leakage following both surgery and PAIR.ES+biliary stenting seems better mode of ERCP procedure.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an invasive endoscopic procedure used mainly to treat hepato-pancreato-biliary(HPB)diseases.The need for ERCP has increased with the rising number of H...BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an invasive endoscopic procedure used mainly to treat hepato-pancreato-biliary(HPB)diseases.The need for ERCP has increased with the rising number of HPB diseases over the past decade.Thus,due to increased demand,ERCP is performed at more centers.Currently,it is performed by general surgeons,gastroenterology and invasive radiology specialists in the United States and Europe as recommended by the British Society of Gastroenterology(BSG).AIM To present the results of ERCP procedures from fourteen surgical centers in Türkiye.METHODS Fourteen surgical centers performing ERCP were included in the present study.The age,gender,ERCP indication,success status,post-ERCP complications,ERCP reports and the files of 66993 patients who underwent ERCP were collected from the participating centers.The results are discussed according to the targets declared by the BSG,which are volume load per annum,proportion of successful cannulation(>85%),bile duct clearance rate(>75%),stenting rate for strictures(>80%)and complications(<6%).RESULTS A total of 66993 ERCP procedures were performed in the centers included in the study up to August 2024.29250(43.6%)of the procedures were performed urgently,especially for suppurative cholangitis,biliary tract injuries,etc.The remaining 37743(56.4%)cases were performed electively.50.2%of the patients were female and 49.8%were male.The average ages were 56.5 years for women and 55.9 years for men.General anesthesia was used in 84.1%of the patients while sedation was used in 15.9%.The indications were bile duct stone(78.7%),pancreatic tumor(3.9%),papillary tumor(3.3%),cholangiocarcinoma(2.6%),Oddi sphincter dysfunction(2.4%),bile leakage after cholecystectomy(2%),bile leakage after hydatid cyst surgery(1.9%),biliary stricture(1.7%),and other diseases(3.1%).Hyperamylasemia and post-ERCP pancreatitis were the most common complications as observed in 8.1%of the patients.They were usually self-limited and responded to supportive measures.The frequency of the other complications was also consistent with the literature.CONCLUSION There is a huge shortage of ERCP endoscopists worldwide due to insufficient ERCP training and centers especially in developing and underdeveloped countries.As patients requiring ERCP usually present to surgical practitioners,the incorporation of surgeons into this training program is an effective and reliable solution.The BSG recommends the incorporation of surgeons and radiologists in addition to gastroenterology specialists.This study is the first to present the results of ERCP procedures from fourteen surgical centers throughout Türkiye.The results suggest that the surgical centers included were able to achieve the targets set by the BSG.This study demonstrated that the surgical ERCP units in the present work have reached satisfactory results and provided a reliable and successful ERCP service.There are currently no issues regarding the validity and appropriateness of the surgeons performing ERCP.Therefore,ERCP training should be encouraged in surgeons and more surgical ERCP centers should be provided.展开更多
AIM: To determine whether Nigella sativa prevents hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury to the liver. METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (Group 1), control (Group 2), and Nigella sati-va (NS) tr...AIM: To determine whether Nigella sativa prevents hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury to the liver. METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (Group 1), control (Group 2), and Nigella sati-va (NS) treatment group (Group 3). All rats underwent hepatic ischemia for 45 min followed by 60 min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused with only 0.9% saline solution in group 2. Rats in group 3 received NS (0.2 mL/kg) intraperitoneally, before isch-emia and before reperfusion. Blood samples and liver tissues were harvested from the rats, and then the rats were sacrifi ced. Serum aspartate aminotransfera-se (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were determined. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxida-tive status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and my-eloperoxidase (MPO) in hepatic tissue were measured. Also liver tissue histopathology was evaluated by light microscopy. RESULTS: The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 weresignifi cantly lower than those in the group 2. TAC in liver tissue was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI and MPO in hepatic tissue were signifi cantly lower in group 3 than the group 2. Histo-logical tissue damage was milder in the NS treatment group than that in the control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Nigella sa-tiva treatment protects the rat liver against to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.展开更多
The main purpose of this paper is to introduce some approximation properties of a Kantorovich kind q-Bernstein operators related to B′ezier basis functions with shape parameterλ∈[−1,1].Firstly,we compute some basic...The main purpose of this paper is to introduce some approximation properties of a Kantorovich kind q-Bernstein operators related to B′ezier basis functions with shape parameterλ∈[−1,1].Firstly,we compute some basic results such as moments and central moments,and derive the Korovkin type approximation theorem for these operators.Next,we estimate the order of convergence in terms of the usual modulus of continuity,for the functions belong to Lipschitz-type class and Peetre’s K-functional,respectively.Lastly,with the aid of Maple software,we present the comparison of the convergence of these newly defined operators to the certain function with some graphical illustrations and error estimation table.展开更多
In this study, some properties of probiotic yoghurt ice cream supplemented with carob extract and whey powder and viability of L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium BB-12 on ice-cream were investigated. For this purpose ...In this study, some properties of probiotic yoghurt ice cream supplemented with carob extract and whey powder and viability of L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium BB-12 on ice-cream were investigated. For this purpose 6 different ice cream was produced with different ratios whey powder and carob extract. The viable probiotic bacteria counts were determined on 1<sup>st</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup>, 30<sup>th</sup>, 60<sup>th</sup> and 90<sup>th</sup> days of storage. Addition of carob extract and whey powder significantly affected all properties of ice-creams. Results showed that the most positive effect on physical, sensory and microbiological properties was observed on sample D which produced with 1% carob extract and 1% whey powder addition.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of neoadjuvant hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy(HART)and concurrent chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced infraperitoneal rectal cancer.METHODS A total ...AIM To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of neoadjuvant hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy(HART)and concurrent chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced infraperitoneal rectal cancer.METHODS A total of 30 patients with histopathologically confirmed T2-3/N0+infraperitoneal adenocarcinoma of rectum cancer patients received preoperative 42 Gy/1.5 Gy/18 days/bid radiotherapy and continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil(325 mg/m^2).All patients were operated 4-8 wk after neoadjuvant concomitant therapy.RESULTS In the early phase of treatment,6 patients had gradeⅢ-Ⅳgastrointestinal toxicity,2 patients had gradeⅢ-Ⅳhematologic toxicity,and 1 patient had gradeⅤtoxicity due to postoperative sepsis during chemotherapy.Only 1 patient had radiotherapy-related late side effects,i.e.,gradeⅣtenesmus.Complete pathological response was achieved in 6 patients(21%),while near-complete pathological response was obtained in 9(31%).After a median follow-up period of 60 mo,the local tumor control rate was 96.6%.In 13 patients,distant metastasis occurred.Disease-free survival rates at 2 and 5 years were 63.3%and 53%,and corresponding overall survival rates were 70%and 53.1%,respectively.CONCLUSION Although it has excellent local control and complete pathological response rates,neoadjuvant HART concurrent chemotherapy appears to not be a feasible treatment regimen in locally advanced rectal cancer,having high perioperative complication and intolerable side effects.Effects of reduced 5-fluorouracil dose or omission of chemotherapy with the aim of reducing toxicity may be examined in further studies.展开更多
<strong>Aim:</strong> This article aimed to investigate the analysis of various methods for eliminating the residual liver cavity after laparoscopic echinococcectomy in patients. <strong>Methods:<...<strong>Aim:</strong> This article aimed to investigate the analysis of various methods for eliminating the residual liver cavity after laparoscopic echinococcectomy in patients. <strong>Methods:</strong> The authors used the following methods of eliminating the residual cavity: omentoplasty (36.8%), abdominalization (30%), drainage of the residual cavity (26.2%), and a combination of omentoplasty with drainage of the residual cavity (7%). <strong>Results:</strong> In the postoperative period, complications occurred in 2 (3.5%) cases in the form of bile leakage from the residual liver cavity. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> It is recommended to use abdominalization and omentoplasty when choosing a method for eliminating the residual liver cavity.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the chest radiography findings,hematological values and the risk factors of the mortality of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:Patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in a secondary...Objective:To investigate the chest radiography findings,hematological values and the risk factors of the mortality of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:Patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in a secondary-level state hospital in Turkey from March to April 2020 were included in the study.COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.Initial routine blood tests and chest radiography findings were examined.The relationship between chest radiography findings and hematological values and risk factors of the mortality of COVID-19 were assessed.Results:In total,94 patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis were included in the study.Among them,33 patients did not have lung involvement(RALE score of 0),and 42 had moderate lung involvement(RALE score of 1 to 4),and 19 had severe lung involvement(RALE score of 5 to 8).Patients with higher RALE scores were significantly elder(P=0.000)and had significantly lower lymphocyte count(P=0.032).Patients in need of intensive care had a lower mean number of platelets compared to patients who did not require intensive care(P=0.007).The receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that RALE score(P=0.005),age(P=0.002),duration of symptoms(P=0.006),neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(P=0.007),and lymphocyte percentage(P=0.012)were significantly associated with the risk of mortality.Conclusions:Patients with severe lung involvement have lower lymphocyte values and ratios.Age,RALE score,duration of symptoms,neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio,lymphocytes percentage are risk factors of mortality of COVID-19.展开更多
Irrigated agriculture is the largest consumer of groundwater resources.The interaction between agricultural irrigation and groundwater resources,both in quantity and quality,is often understood later than when the adv...Irrigated agriculture is the largest consumer of groundwater resources.The interaction between agricultural irrigation and groundwater resources,both in quantity and quality,is often understood later than when the adverse effects starts.For more efficient and sustainable utilization of the limited water resources,improved understanding of how respond to irrigation is essential.The Southeastern Anatolia Project(Turkish:GAP)is a major and comprehensive initiative in Turkey.The GAP was a programme to develop water and land resources in the region and planned as a package that comprised 13 individual projects on irrigation and energy production on the Euphrates-Tigris basins.This project includes irrigation networks for an area of approximately 1.8 million hectares.One of the important project sites is Harran Plain having the biggest groundwater resources and the largest irrigation field in the GAP region.Harran Plain has 3,700 km^2 drainage area,1,500 km^2 plain area and 476,000 hectares of irrigation area.Before this project,the irrigations could potentially lead to about 2 m/year decline in groundwater table.After this project application,hydrodynamic system of groundwater has changed.The groundwater level has risen since 1995 in plain.In addition hydrodynamic system has been effected groundwater quality.Results show that a proper irrigation rotation system can implement an efficient water management over the irrigated areas and lead smaller groundwater change and its quality.展开更多
This work;It was made to determine the positive and negative usage information, attitudes and behaviors of social networking networks for users. Today, it is well known how the wide social effects of social networking...This work;It was made to determine the positive and negative usage information, attitudes and behaviors of social networking networks for users. Today, it is well known how the wide social effects of social networking sites are widespread and effective. As far as it can be followed from written and visual media, it causes significant damages for attitudes and behaviors for individuals. Looking at the results of the study, it seems impossible to limit the time and necessity of these networks for people, but it is understood that people force their limits and capacity. It was determined that the general acceptance and rejection areas are mixed and the dominant distinctive effects were weakened. Unable to prevent social dissolution and deterioration was realized by these social networks of networks. However, we cannot only talk about negative effects because their positive effects should be mentioned. Data were obtained in this direction. For example, some segments encourage the users of these sites to have more freedom, to develop democracy and human rights awareness. However, the real problem is when and where to stand. This study;Social networking networks use information, attitudes and behaviors;It was carried out for the purpose of evaluating the use of nicknames and networks for the use of networks. The data of the study were obtained by the application of a questionnaire and the data obtained were analyzed with appropriate statistical analysis methods. In the first part of the study, field study/operational concept scanning is performed and theoretical information is included. In the second part, the purpose of the study, the problem status, the importance of the study, limitations, assumptions, problem question, research method, research universe and sample are specified and informed. In the third section, the data obtained using appropriate statistical methods are analyzed. In the last section, some important suggestions and comments are made in the light of the data obtained.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. Conventionally many drugs are used for the treatment of diabetes such as biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, etc. But the desired effective treatment is still ...Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. Conventionally many drugs are used for the treatment of diabetes such as biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, etc. But the desired effective treatment is still not to be achieved. So researches are going on for the development of effective alternative therapy against diabetes. Olive leaves are traditionally used in the treatment of the disease. However, studies on its mechanism of action are not yet enough. The aim of this study was to investigate whether olive leaf extract (OLE) improves insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), tyrosine kinase (TK), GLUT-2, and GLUT-4. Oleuropein levels were analyzed from OLE obtained by using four different solvents, and the highest content of methanol extract was selected for the study. Different concentrations of OLE (2.5 to 320 μg/mL) were incubated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells for 24 hours. After incubation, cell viability was assessed based on luminometric ATP cell viability assay kit. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating level was detected using 2,7dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate (H2DCF-DA) fluorescent probes. Apoptosis was evaluated by acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining method. Genotoxicity was evaluated by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet Assay). Protein expression levels of IRS-1, TK, GLUT-2, and GLUT-4 were analyzed by western blotting technique from the obtained cell lysates. Although an optimum doses of OLE (10 μg/mL) maximally increased cell proliferation, decreased ROS generation improved IRS-1, TK, GLUT-2, and GLUT-4 protein expression levels (about fivefold), higher doses (10 to 320 μg/mL) markedly decreased the cell viability, increased DNA damage, apoptosis and ROS generation in a concentration-dependent manner. OLE can be used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, in order to find the most effective and non-toxic concentration, dose optimization is required.展开更多
The aim of this study was to uncover all aspects and extract comprehensive and valuable information from thedata obtained from different pepper varieties using machine learning (ML) methods. The red pepper (RP),fabric...The aim of this study was to uncover all aspects and extract comprehensive and valuable information from thedata obtained from different pepper varieties using machine learning (ML) methods. The red pepper (RP),fabricated isot (FI), and customary isot (CI) spices were stored for 12 months and the variations in the organiccompound content were monitored every 3 months. The data set has been subjected to a supervised ML methodRandom Forest (RF), unsupervised ML methods principal component analysis (PCA), t-Distributed stochasticneighbor embedding (t-SNE), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The classification accuracy yielded by theRF model was 100%. RF model showed that terpenoids, acids, and alkanes were ineffective in identifying thedifferences between pepper spices, but glucose, succinic acid, citric acid, and fructose were primarily responsiblefor the variations between pepper spices. FI peppers differed significantly from other pepper spices in terms oftheir chemical compositions. Although most organic compounds exhibited positive correlations;furan-fructose,furan-glucose, furan-citric acid, and glucose-malic acid showed negative correlations. RP peppers were mostlystable for the first 6 months of storage, but after this month, due to changes in malic acid, aldehyde, glucose, andfructose, they displayed similar properties as CI. The organic compound content of CI peppers rapidly changed inthe first 3 months of storage and stayed almost stable for the remaining 9 months. Various ML methods wereeffectively employed in this study to examine the changes that different pepper spices exhibited in associationwith storage.Practical applications: Peppers, which are often used in food products for the purpose of bitterness, flavor, andcolor are mostly consumed after drying. The dried pepper is stored for a long time before consuming. Duringstorage, there are significant changes in the organic compound composition and pepper quality. In this study,revealing the changes in organic compound content in detail with machine learning methods can aid researchersand the pepper industry as a decision-making tool.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Surgery and percutaneous radiological methods[puncture,aspiration,injection,re-aspiration(PAIR)]are the current invasive treatment strategies for patients with hepatic hydatid cyst(HHC).Biliary leak is a common complication in patients who underwent these treatments of HHC.Bile leak should be treated effectively as uncontrolled biliary fistula may lead to life-treating conditions such as severe cholangitis,intraabdominal abscesses and septicemia.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)has become the main treatment of post-interventional biliary fistula.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ERCP in the management of biliary fistula following HHC-related surgery or PAIR.METHODS We evaluated data of patients who developed bile leakage following HHC-related interventions from endemic area during the period of March 2017 and February 2025.We included 88 patients(50 female,57%)with a median age of 33 years(range:8-83 years)at the time of ERCP.Bile leak occurred following surgery in 72(82%)patients and after PAIR in 16(18%)patients.Low-grade leakage(<400 mL/day)was identified in 46(52%)patients.RESULTS Initial mode of ERCP was endoscopic sphincterotomy(ES)with biliary drainage(plastic stent or nasobiliary drain)in 73(83%)patients and ES alone in remaining 15(17%)patients.Six patients who initially treated by ES alone had persistent fistula and underwent repeat ERCP with stent placement.ERCP type(ES+biliary stenting)and fistula flow rate(<400 mL/day)were significantly associated with 20-days complete closure of the fistula[P=0.020;odds ratio(OR)=5.27,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.30-21.37]and(P=0.008;OR=3.43,95%CI:1.37-8.55),respectively.ERCP-related complications were mild pancreatitis in 5(5.9%)patients and minor bleeding in 4(4.7%)patients and mild-moderate cholangitis in 4(4.7%)patients.CONCLUSION This case based-study from endemic area demonstrates that ERCP is highly effective and safe for managing bile leakage following both surgery and PAIR.ES+biliary stenting seems better mode of ERCP procedure.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an invasive endoscopic procedure used mainly to treat hepato-pancreato-biliary(HPB)diseases.The need for ERCP has increased with the rising number of HPB diseases over the past decade.Thus,due to increased demand,ERCP is performed at more centers.Currently,it is performed by general surgeons,gastroenterology and invasive radiology specialists in the United States and Europe as recommended by the British Society of Gastroenterology(BSG).AIM To present the results of ERCP procedures from fourteen surgical centers in Türkiye.METHODS Fourteen surgical centers performing ERCP were included in the present study.The age,gender,ERCP indication,success status,post-ERCP complications,ERCP reports and the files of 66993 patients who underwent ERCP were collected from the participating centers.The results are discussed according to the targets declared by the BSG,which are volume load per annum,proportion of successful cannulation(>85%),bile duct clearance rate(>75%),stenting rate for strictures(>80%)and complications(<6%).RESULTS A total of 66993 ERCP procedures were performed in the centers included in the study up to August 2024.29250(43.6%)of the procedures were performed urgently,especially for suppurative cholangitis,biliary tract injuries,etc.The remaining 37743(56.4%)cases were performed electively.50.2%of the patients were female and 49.8%were male.The average ages were 56.5 years for women and 55.9 years for men.General anesthesia was used in 84.1%of the patients while sedation was used in 15.9%.The indications were bile duct stone(78.7%),pancreatic tumor(3.9%),papillary tumor(3.3%),cholangiocarcinoma(2.6%),Oddi sphincter dysfunction(2.4%),bile leakage after cholecystectomy(2%),bile leakage after hydatid cyst surgery(1.9%),biliary stricture(1.7%),and other diseases(3.1%).Hyperamylasemia and post-ERCP pancreatitis were the most common complications as observed in 8.1%of the patients.They were usually self-limited and responded to supportive measures.The frequency of the other complications was also consistent with the literature.CONCLUSION There is a huge shortage of ERCP endoscopists worldwide due to insufficient ERCP training and centers especially in developing and underdeveloped countries.As patients requiring ERCP usually present to surgical practitioners,the incorporation of surgeons into this training program is an effective and reliable solution.The BSG recommends the incorporation of surgeons and radiologists in addition to gastroenterology specialists.This study is the first to present the results of ERCP procedures from fourteen surgical centers throughout Türkiye.The results suggest that the surgical centers included were able to achieve the targets set by the BSG.This study demonstrated that the surgical ERCP units in the present work have reached satisfactory results and provided a reliable and successful ERCP service.There are currently no issues regarding the validity and appropriateness of the surgeons performing ERCP.Therefore,ERCP training should be encouraged in surgeons and more surgical ERCP centers should be provided.
文摘AIM: To determine whether Nigella sativa prevents hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury to the liver. METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (Group 1), control (Group 2), and Nigella sati-va (NS) treatment group (Group 3). All rats underwent hepatic ischemia for 45 min followed by 60 min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused with only 0.9% saline solution in group 2. Rats in group 3 received NS (0.2 mL/kg) intraperitoneally, before isch-emia and before reperfusion. Blood samples and liver tissues were harvested from the rats, and then the rats were sacrifi ced. Serum aspartate aminotransfera-se (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were determined. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxida-tive status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and my-eloperoxidase (MPO) in hepatic tissue were measured. Also liver tissue histopathology was evaluated by light microscopy. RESULTS: The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 weresignifi cantly lower than those in the group 2. TAC in liver tissue was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI and MPO in hepatic tissue were signifi cantly lower in group 3 than the group 2. Histo-logical tissue damage was milder in the NS treatment group than that in the control group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Nigella sa-tiva treatment protects the rat liver against to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.
基金This work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(Grant No.2020J01783)the Project for High-Level Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Quanzhou(Grant No.2018C087R)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province University.
文摘The main purpose of this paper is to introduce some approximation properties of a Kantorovich kind q-Bernstein operators related to B′ezier basis functions with shape parameterλ∈[−1,1].Firstly,we compute some basic results such as moments and central moments,and derive the Korovkin type approximation theorem for these operators.Next,we estimate the order of convergence in terms of the usual modulus of continuity,for the functions belong to Lipschitz-type class and Peetre’s K-functional,respectively.Lastly,with the aid of Maple software,we present the comparison of the convergence of these newly defined operators to the certain function with some graphical illustrations and error estimation table.
文摘In this study, some properties of probiotic yoghurt ice cream supplemented with carob extract and whey powder and viability of L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium BB-12 on ice-cream were investigated. For this purpose 6 different ice cream was produced with different ratios whey powder and carob extract. The viable probiotic bacteria counts were determined on 1<sup>st</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup>, 30<sup>th</sup>, 60<sup>th</sup> and 90<sup>th</sup> days of storage. Addition of carob extract and whey powder significantly affected all properties of ice-creams. Results showed that the most positive effect on physical, sensory and microbiological properties was observed on sample D which produced with 1% carob extract and 1% whey powder addition.
文摘AIM To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of neoadjuvant hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy(HART)and concurrent chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced infraperitoneal rectal cancer.METHODS A total of 30 patients with histopathologically confirmed T2-3/N0+infraperitoneal adenocarcinoma of rectum cancer patients received preoperative 42 Gy/1.5 Gy/18 days/bid radiotherapy and continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil(325 mg/m^2).All patients were operated 4-8 wk after neoadjuvant concomitant therapy.RESULTS In the early phase of treatment,6 patients had gradeⅢ-Ⅳgastrointestinal toxicity,2 patients had gradeⅢ-Ⅳhematologic toxicity,and 1 patient had gradeⅤtoxicity due to postoperative sepsis during chemotherapy.Only 1 patient had radiotherapy-related late side effects,i.e.,gradeⅣtenesmus.Complete pathological response was achieved in 6 patients(21%),while near-complete pathological response was obtained in 9(31%).After a median follow-up period of 60 mo,the local tumor control rate was 96.6%.In 13 patients,distant metastasis occurred.Disease-free survival rates at 2 and 5 years were 63.3%and 53%,and corresponding overall survival rates were 70%and 53.1%,respectively.CONCLUSION Although it has excellent local control and complete pathological response rates,neoadjuvant HART concurrent chemotherapy appears to not be a feasible treatment regimen in locally advanced rectal cancer,having high perioperative complication and intolerable side effects.Effects of reduced 5-fluorouracil dose or omission of chemotherapy with the aim of reducing toxicity may be examined in further studies.
文摘<strong>Aim:</strong> This article aimed to investigate the analysis of various methods for eliminating the residual liver cavity after laparoscopic echinococcectomy in patients. <strong>Methods:</strong> The authors used the following methods of eliminating the residual cavity: omentoplasty (36.8%), abdominalization (30%), drainage of the residual cavity (26.2%), and a combination of omentoplasty with drainage of the residual cavity (7%). <strong>Results:</strong> In the postoperative period, complications occurred in 2 (3.5%) cases in the form of bile leakage from the residual liver cavity. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> It is recommended to use abdominalization and omentoplasty when choosing a method for eliminating the residual liver cavity.
文摘Objective:To investigate the chest radiography findings,hematological values and the risk factors of the mortality of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:Patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in a secondary-level state hospital in Turkey from March to April 2020 were included in the study.COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.Initial routine blood tests and chest radiography findings were examined.The relationship between chest radiography findings and hematological values and risk factors of the mortality of COVID-19 were assessed.Results:In total,94 patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis were included in the study.Among them,33 patients did not have lung involvement(RALE score of 0),and 42 had moderate lung involvement(RALE score of 1 to 4),and 19 had severe lung involvement(RALE score of 5 to 8).Patients with higher RALE scores were significantly elder(P=0.000)and had significantly lower lymphocyte count(P=0.032).Patients in need of intensive care had a lower mean number of platelets compared to patients who did not require intensive care(P=0.007).The receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that RALE score(P=0.005),age(P=0.002),duration of symptoms(P=0.006),neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(P=0.007),and lymphocyte percentage(P=0.012)were significantly associated with the risk of mortality.Conclusions:Patients with severe lung involvement have lower lymphocyte values and ratios.Age,RALE score,duration of symptoms,neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio,lymphocytes percentage are risk factors of mortality of COVID-19.
文摘Irrigated agriculture is the largest consumer of groundwater resources.The interaction between agricultural irrigation and groundwater resources,both in quantity and quality,is often understood later than when the adverse effects starts.For more efficient and sustainable utilization of the limited water resources,improved understanding of how respond to irrigation is essential.The Southeastern Anatolia Project(Turkish:GAP)is a major and comprehensive initiative in Turkey.The GAP was a programme to develop water and land resources in the region and planned as a package that comprised 13 individual projects on irrigation and energy production on the Euphrates-Tigris basins.This project includes irrigation networks for an area of approximately 1.8 million hectares.One of the important project sites is Harran Plain having the biggest groundwater resources and the largest irrigation field in the GAP region.Harran Plain has 3,700 km^2 drainage area,1,500 km^2 plain area and 476,000 hectares of irrigation area.Before this project,the irrigations could potentially lead to about 2 m/year decline in groundwater table.After this project application,hydrodynamic system of groundwater has changed.The groundwater level has risen since 1995 in plain.In addition hydrodynamic system has been effected groundwater quality.Results show that a proper irrigation rotation system can implement an efficient water management over the irrigated areas and lead smaller groundwater change and its quality.
文摘This work;It was made to determine the positive and negative usage information, attitudes and behaviors of social networking networks for users. Today, it is well known how the wide social effects of social networking sites are widespread and effective. As far as it can be followed from written and visual media, it causes significant damages for attitudes and behaviors for individuals. Looking at the results of the study, it seems impossible to limit the time and necessity of these networks for people, but it is understood that people force their limits and capacity. It was determined that the general acceptance and rejection areas are mixed and the dominant distinctive effects were weakened. Unable to prevent social dissolution and deterioration was realized by these social networks of networks. However, we cannot only talk about negative effects because their positive effects should be mentioned. Data were obtained in this direction. For example, some segments encourage the users of these sites to have more freedom, to develop democracy and human rights awareness. However, the real problem is when and where to stand. This study;Social networking networks use information, attitudes and behaviors;It was carried out for the purpose of evaluating the use of nicknames and networks for the use of networks. The data of the study were obtained by the application of a questionnaire and the data obtained were analyzed with appropriate statistical analysis methods. In the first part of the study, field study/operational concept scanning is performed and theoretical information is included. In the second part, the purpose of the study, the problem status, the importance of the study, limitations, assumptions, problem question, research method, research universe and sample are specified and informed. In the third section, the data obtained using appropriate statistical methods are analyzed. In the last section, some important suggestions and comments are made in the light of the data obtained.
基金funded by the Bezmialem Vakif University Scientific Research Projects Unit(No:6.2016/57).
文摘Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. Conventionally many drugs are used for the treatment of diabetes such as biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, etc. But the desired effective treatment is still not to be achieved. So researches are going on for the development of effective alternative therapy against diabetes. Olive leaves are traditionally used in the treatment of the disease. However, studies on its mechanism of action are not yet enough. The aim of this study was to investigate whether olive leaf extract (OLE) improves insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), tyrosine kinase (TK), GLUT-2, and GLUT-4. Oleuropein levels were analyzed from OLE obtained by using four different solvents, and the highest content of methanol extract was selected for the study. Different concentrations of OLE (2.5 to 320 μg/mL) were incubated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells for 24 hours. After incubation, cell viability was assessed based on luminometric ATP cell viability assay kit. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating level was detected using 2,7dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate (H2DCF-DA) fluorescent probes. Apoptosis was evaluated by acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining method. Genotoxicity was evaluated by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet Assay). Protein expression levels of IRS-1, TK, GLUT-2, and GLUT-4 were analyzed by western blotting technique from the obtained cell lysates. Although an optimum doses of OLE (10 μg/mL) maximally increased cell proliferation, decreased ROS generation improved IRS-1, TK, GLUT-2, and GLUT-4 protein expression levels (about fivefold), higher doses (10 to 320 μg/mL) markedly decreased the cell viability, increased DNA damage, apoptosis and ROS generation in a concentration-dependent manner. OLE can be used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, in order to find the most effective and non-toxic concentration, dose optimization is required.
基金Project Regional Development Administration,Republic of Turkiye Ministry of Development(Project:GAP-ISOT).
文摘The aim of this study was to uncover all aspects and extract comprehensive and valuable information from thedata obtained from different pepper varieties using machine learning (ML) methods. The red pepper (RP),fabricated isot (FI), and customary isot (CI) spices were stored for 12 months and the variations in the organiccompound content were monitored every 3 months. The data set has been subjected to a supervised ML methodRandom Forest (RF), unsupervised ML methods principal component analysis (PCA), t-Distributed stochasticneighbor embedding (t-SNE), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The classification accuracy yielded by theRF model was 100%. RF model showed that terpenoids, acids, and alkanes were ineffective in identifying thedifferences between pepper spices, but glucose, succinic acid, citric acid, and fructose were primarily responsiblefor the variations between pepper spices. FI peppers differed significantly from other pepper spices in terms oftheir chemical compositions. Although most organic compounds exhibited positive correlations;furan-fructose,furan-glucose, furan-citric acid, and glucose-malic acid showed negative correlations. RP peppers were mostlystable for the first 6 months of storage, but after this month, due to changes in malic acid, aldehyde, glucose, andfructose, they displayed similar properties as CI. The organic compound content of CI peppers rapidly changed inthe first 3 months of storage and stayed almost stable for the remaining 9 months. Various ML methods wereeffectively employed in this study to examine the changes that different pepper spices exhibited in associationwith storage.Practical applications: Peppers, which are often used in food products for the purpose of bitterness, flavor, andcolor are mostly consumed after drying. The dried pepper is stored for a long time before consuming. Duringstorage, there are significant changes in the organic compound composition and pepper quality. In this study,revealing the changes in organic compound content in detail with machine learning methods can aid researchersand the pepper industry as a decision-making tool.
