Background:China's coastal wetlands belong to some of the most threatened ecosystems worldwide.The loss and degradation of these wetlands seriously threaten waterbirds that depend on wetlands.Methods:The China Coa...Background:China's coastal wetlands belong to some of the most threatened ecosystems worldwide.The loss and degradation of these wetlands seriously threaten waterbirds that depend on wetlands.Methods:The China Coastal Waterbird Census was organized by volunteer birdwatchers in China's coastal region.Waterbirds were surveyed synchronously once every month at 14 sites,as well as irregularly at a further 18 sites,between September 2005 and December 2013.Results:A total of 75 species of waterbirds met the 1 % population level Ramsar listing criterion at least once at one site.The number of birds of the following species accounted for over 20 % of the total flyway populations at a single site:Mute Swan(Cygnus olor),Siberia Crane(Grus leucogeranus),Far Eastern Oystercatcher(Haematopus osculans),Bar-tailed Godwit(Limosa lapponica),Spotted Greenshank(Tringa guttifer),Great Knot(Calidris tenuirostris),Spoon-billed Sandpiper(Calidris pygmeus),Saunders' s Gull(Larus saundersi),Relict Gull(Larus relictus),Great Cormorant(Phalacrocorax carbo),Eurasian Spoonbill(Platalea leucorodia),Black-faced Spoonbill(Platalea minor) and Dalmatian Pelican(Pelecanus crispus).A total of 26 sites supported at least one species of which their number met the1 % criterion.Forty-two species met the 1 % criterion in the Yellow River Delta,Shandong;29 at the Cangzhou coast,Hebei and 26 species at the Lianyungang coast,Jiangsu.Conclusions:The results highlight the international importance of China's coastal wetlands for waterbirds.This study also demonstrates that participation of local birdwatchers in waterbird surveys results in data that are invaluable not only for understanding the current status of waterbirds in China's coastal regions but also for waterbird conservation and management.展开更多
AIM:To investigate whether nitrite administered prior to ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)reduces liver injury.METHODS:Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to 3 groups,including sham operated(n=8),45-min segmen...AIM:To investigate whether nitrite administered prior to ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)reduces liver injury.METHODS:Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to 3 groups,including sham operated(n=8),45-min segmental ischemia of the left liver lobe(IR,n=14)and ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)preceded by the administration of 480 nmol of nitrite(n=14).Serum transaminases were measured after 4 h of reperfusion.Liver microdialysate(MD)was sampled in 30-min intervals and analyzed for glucose,lactate,pyruvate and glycerol as well as the total nitrite and nitrate(NOx).The NOx was measured in serum.RESULTS:Aspartate aminotransferase(AST)at the end of reperfusion was higher in the IR group than in the nitrite group(40±6.8μkat/L vs 22±2.6μkat/L,P=0.022).Similarly,alanine aminotransferase(ALT)was also higher in the I/R group than in the nitrite group(34±6μkat vs 14±1.5μkat,P=0.0045).The NOx in MD was significantly higher in the nitrite group than in the I/R group(10.1±2.9μmol/L vs 3.2±0.9μmol/L,P=0.031)after the administration of nitrite.During ischemia,the levels decreased in both groups and then increased again during reperfusion.At the end of reperfusion,there was a tendency towards a higher NOx in the I/R group than in the nitrite group(11.6±0.7μmol/L vs 9.2±1.1μmol/L,P=0.067).Lactate in MD was significantly higher in the IR group than in the nitrite group(3.37±0.18 mmol/L vs 2.8±0.12 mmol/L,P=0.01)during ischemia and the first 30 min of reperfusion.During the same period,glycerol was also higher in the IRI group than in the nitrite group(464±38μmol/L vs 367±31μmol/L,P=0.049).With respect to histology,there were more signs of tissue damage in the I/R group than in the nitrite group,and29%of the animals in the I/R group exhibited necrosis compared with none in the nitrite group.Inducible nitric oxide synthase transcription increased between early ischemia(t=15)and the end of reperfusion in both groups.CONCLUSION:Nitrite administered before liver ischemia in the rat liver reduces anaerobic metabolism and cell necrosis,which could be important in the clinical setting.展开更多
<strong>Background</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</strong></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> <...<strong>Background</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</strong></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sexual health needs are insufficiently met for persons living </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">with rheumatological diseases and it is necessary to create better ways to meet </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">these needs.</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To co-create a working model to improve sexual </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">health for persons living with rheumatological diseases, that can be used by rheumatological teams in regular rheumatology practice. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Design</span></b></span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">This study </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">applied a co-creation design with three key features: 1) it took a systems perspec</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">tive with emergent multiple interactive entities;2) the research process was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> viewed as a creative endeavour with strong links to design, while human imagination and the individual experience of patient and staff were at the core of the creative design effort;3) the process of the co-creative efforts was as important as the generated product. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Results</span></b></span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A model defining the role of the patient, the professionals, and the team in optimizing sexual health for persons living with rheumatological diseases was co-created. The model can be seen as a practice guideline, which includes the support needed from and to each participant in the process of promoting sexual health, while being within the professional scope of the professionals</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> knowledge and capacity, and in line with the needs of the persons living with rheumatological diseases.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Discussion and Conclusions</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The co-creative work process identified crucial factors in promoting sexual health, resulting in a useful model for patients, professionals and teams. Co-creation was experienced to be a useful research design to improve rheumatological care, through valuing and using the competence of all research members equally.</span>展开更多
ZnO films doped with different vanadium concentrations are deposited onto glass substrates by dc reactive magnetron sputtering using a zinc target doped with vanadium. The vanadium concentrations are examined by energ...ZnO films doped with different vanadium concentrations are deposited onto glass substrates by dc reactive magnetron sputtering using a zinc target doped with vanadium. The vanadium concentrations are examined by energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） and the charge state of vanadium in ZnO thin films is characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results of x-ray diffraction （XRD） show that all the films have a wurtzite structure and grow mainly in the c-axis orientation. The grain size and residual stress in the deposited films are estimated by fitting the XRD results. The optical properties of the films are studied by measuring the transmittance. The optical constants （refractive index and extinction coefficient） and the film thickness are obtained by fitting the transmittance. All the results are discussed in relation with the doping of the vanadium.展开更多
AIM:To investigate a possible genetic influence of claudin(CLDN)1,CLDN2 and CLDN4 in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease.METHODS:Allelic association between genetic regions of CLDN1,CLDN2 or CLDN4 and patients ...AIM:To investigate a possible genetic influence of claudin(CLDN)1,CLDN2 and CLDN4 in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease.METHODS:Allelic association between genetic regions of CLDN1,CLDN2 or CLDN4 and patients with inflammatory bowel disease,Crohn's disease(CD)or ulcerative colitis were investigated using both a casecontrol study approach(one case randomly selected from each of 191 Swedish inflammatory bowel disease families and 333 controls)and a family-based study(463 non-Swedish European inflammatory bowel disease-families).A nonsynonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphism in MORC4,located on the same linkage block as CLDN2,was investigated for association,as were two novel CLDN2 single nucleotide polymorphism markers,identified by resequencing.RESULTS:A single nucleotide polymorphism marker(rs12014762)located in the genetic region of CLDN2 was significantly associated to CD(case-control allelic OR = 1.98,95%CI:1.17-3.35,P = 0.007).MORC4 was present on the same linkage block as this CD marker.Using the case-control approach,a significant association(case control allelic OR = 1.61,95%CI:1.08-2.41,P = 0.018)was found between CD and a nonsynonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphism(rs6622126)in MORC4.The association between the CLDN2 marker and CD was not replicated in the familybased study.Ulcerative colitis was not associated to any of the single nucleotide polymorphism markers.CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that a variant of the CLDN2-MORC4 region predisposes to CD in a Swedish population.展开更多
Buses are the most critical part of urban-rural transit systems.However,bus transit services in urban-rural areas face a trade-offbetween the need for better services and the low profitability resulting from low trave...Buses are the most critical part of urban-rural transit systems.However,bus transit services in urban-rural areas face a trade-offbetween the need for better services and the low profitability resulting from low travel demand.In this study,we show that we can improve the utilization and profitability of urban-rural buses by merging freight transportation with passenger transportation.We developed a mixed-integer program to model and analyze the coordination between freight and passenger transportation in an urban-rural transit system.We then conducted a case study to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.The numerical results indicate that the consolidation of passenger and freight transportation significantly reduces the operation cost of logistics companies and improves the profit of bus companies.We finally discuss the consolidation’s positive impacts on logistics companies,bus service providers,and society.展开更多
There is a global unmet need for rapid and cost-effective prognostic and diagnostic tools that can be used at the bedside or in the doctor’s office to reduce the impact of serious disease.Many cancers are diagnosed l...There is a global unmet need for rapid and cost-effective prognostic and diagnostic tools that can be used at the bedside or in the doctor’s office to reduce the impact of serious disease.Many cancers are diagnosed late,leading to costly treatment and reduced life expectancy.With prostate cancer,the absence of a reliable test has inhibited the adoption of screening programs.We report a microelectronic point-of-care metabolite biomarker measurement platform and use it for prostate cancer detection.The platform,using an array of photodetectors configured to operate with targeted,multiplexed,colorimetric assays confined in monolithically integrated passive microfluidic channels,completes a combined assay of 4 metabolites in a drop of human plasma in under 2 min.A preliminary clinical study using L-amino acids,glutamate,choline,and sarcosine was used to train a cross-validated random forest algorithm.The system demonstrated sensitivity to prostate cancer of 94%with a specificity of 70%and an area under the curve of 0.78.The technology can implement many similar assay panels and hence has the potential to revolutionize low-cost,rapid,point-of-care testing.展开更多
文摘Background:China's coastal wetlands belong to some of the most threatened ecosystems worldwide.The loss and degradation of these wetlands seriously threaten waterbirds that depend on wetlands.Methods:The China Coastal Waterbird Census was organized by volunteer birdwatchers in China's coastal region.Waterbirds were surveyed synchronously once every month at 14 sites,as well as irregularly at a further 18 sites,between September 2005 and December 2013.Results:A total of 75 species of waterbirds met the 1 % population level Ramsar listing criterion at least once at one site.The number of birds of the following species accounted for over 20 % of the total flyway populations at a single site:Mute Swan(Cygnus olor),Siberia Crane(Grus leucogeranus),Far Eastern Oystercatcher(Haematopus osculans),Bar-tailed Godwit(Limosa lapponica),Spotted Greenshank(Tringa guttifer),Great Knot(Calidris tenuirostris),Spoon-billed Sandpiper(Calidris pygmeus),Saunders' s Gull(Larus saundersi),Relict Gull(Larus relictus),Great Cormorant(Phalacrocorax carbo),Eurasian Spoonbill(Platalea leucorodia),Black-faced Spoonbill(Platalea minor) and Dalmatian Pelican(Pelecanus crispus).A total of 26 sites supported at least one species of which their number met the1 % criterion.Forty-two species met the 1 % criterion in the Yellow River Delta,Shandong;29 at the Cangzhou coast,Hebei and 26 species at the Lianyungang coast,Jiangsu.Conclusions:The results highlight the international importance of China's coastal wetlands for waterbirds.This study also demonstrates that participation of local birdwatchers in waterbird surveys results in data that are invaluable not only for understanding the current status of waterbirds in China's coastal regions but also for waterbird conservation and management.
文摘AIM:To investigate whether nitrite administered prior to ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)reduces liver injury.METHODS:Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to 3 groups,including sham operated(n=8),45-min segmental ischemia of the left liver lobe(IR,n=14)and ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)preceded by the administration of 480 nmol of nitrite(n=14).Serum transaminases were measured after 4 h of reperfusion.Liver microdialysate(MD)was sampled in 30-min intervals and analyzed for glucose,lactate,pyruvate and glycerol as well as the total nitrite and nitrate(NOx).The NOx was measured in serum.RESULTS:Aspartate aminotransferase(AST)at the end of reperfusion was higher in the IR group than in the nitrite group(40±6.8μkat/L vs 22±2.6μkat/L,P=0.022).Similarly,alanine aminotransferase(ALT)was also higher in the I/R group than in the nitrite group(34±6μkat vs 14±1.5μkat,P=0.0045).The NOx in MD was significantly higher in the nitrite group than in the I/R group(10.1±2.9μmol/L vs 3.2±0.9μmol/L,P=0.031)after the administration of nitrite.During ischemia,the levels decreased in both groups and then increased again during reperfusion.At the end of reperfusion,there was a tendency towards a higher NOx in the I/R group than in the nitrite group(11.6±0.7μmol/L vs 9.2±1.1μmol/L,P=0.067).Lactate in MD was significantly higher in the IR group than in the nitrite group(3.37±0.18 mmol/L vs 2.8±0.12 mmol/L,P=0.01)during ischemia and the first 30 min of reperfusion.During the same period,glycerol was also higher in the IRI group than in the nitrite group(464±38μmol/L vs 367±31μmol/L,P=0.049).With respect to histology,there were more signs of tissue damage in the I/R group than in the nitrite group,and29%of the animals in the I/R group exhibited necrosis compared with none in the nitrite group.Inducible nitric oxide synthase transcription increased between early ischemia(t=15)and the end of reperfusion in both groups.CONCLUSION:Nitrite administered before liver ischemia in the rat liver reduces anaerobic metabolism and cell necrosis,which could be important in the clinical setting.
文摘<strong>Background</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</strong></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sexual health needs are insufficiently met for persons living </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">with rheumatological diseases and it is necessary to create better ways to meet </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">these needs.</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To co-create a working model to improve sexual </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">health for persons living with rheumatological diseases, that can be used by rheumatological teams in regular rheumatology practice. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Design</span></b></span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">This study </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">applied a co-creation design with three key features: 1) it took a systems perspec</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">tive with emergent multiple interactive entities;2) the research process was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> viewed as a creative endeavour with strong links to design, while human imagination and the individual experience of patient and staff were at the core of the creative design effort;3) the process of the co-creative efforts was as important as the generated product. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Results</span></b></span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A model defining the role of the patient, the professionals, and the team in optimizing sexual health for persons living with rheumatological diseases was co-created. The model can be seen as a practice guideline, which includes the support needed from and to each participant in the process of promoting sexual health, while being within the professional scope of the professionals</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> knowledge and capacity, and in line with the needs of the persons living with rheumatological diseases.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Discussion and Conclusions</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The co-creative work process identified crucial factors in promoting sexual health, resulting in a useful model for patients, professionals and teams. Co-creation was experienced to be a useful research design to improve rheumatological care, through valuing and using the competence of all research members equally.</span>
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 60576016, 10774013, 10804006 and 10434030 （key project）, the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2006AA03Z0412, the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing under Grant No 2073030, the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2003CB314707, and Beijing Jiao Tong University under Grants Nos 2005SM057, 2006XM043 and 141028522.
文摘ZnO films doped with different vanadium concentrations are deposited onto glass substrates by dc reactive magnetron sputtering using a zinc target doped with vanadium. The vanadium concentrations are examined by energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） and the charge state of vanadium in ZnO thin films is characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results of x-ray diffraction （XRD） show that all the films have a wurtzite structure and grow mainly in the c-axis orientation. The grain size and residual stress in the deposited films are estimated by fitting the XRD results. The optical properties of the films are studied by measuring the transmittance. The optical constants （refractive index and extinction coefficient） and the film thickness are obtained by fitting the transmittance. All the results are discussed in relation with the doping of the vanadium.
基金Supported by Grants from Futurum - the academy of healthcare,County council of Jnkpingthe Swedish Society of Medicinethe Research Council of South-East Sweden (FORSS) and the County Council of sterg tland (ALF-Grants)
文摘AIM:To investigate a possible genetic influence of claudin(CLDN)1,CLDN2 and CLDN4 in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease.METHODS:Allelic association between genetic regions of CLDN1,CLDN2 or CLDN4 and patients with inflammatory bowel disease,Crohn's disease(CD)or ulcerative colitis were investigated using both a casecontrol study approach(one case randomly selected from each of 191 Swedish inflammatory bowel disease families and 333 controls)and a family-based study(463 non-Swedish European inflammatory bowel disease-families).A nonsynonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphism in MORC4,located on the same linkage block as CLDN2,was investigated for association,as were two novel CLDN2 single nucleotide polymorphism markers,identified by resequencing.RESULTS:A single nucleotide polymorphism marker(rs12014762)located in the genetic region of CLDN2 was significantly associated to CD(case-control allelic OR = 1.98,95%CI:1.17-3.35,P = 0.007).MORC4 was present on the same linkage block as this CD marker.Using the case-control approach,a significant association(case control allelic OR = 1.61,95%CI:1.08-2.41,P = 0.018)was found between CD and a nonsynonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphism(rs6622126)in MORC4.The association between the CLDN2 marker and CD was not replicated in the familybased study.Ulcerative colitis was not associated to any of the single nucleotide polymorphism markers.CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that a variant of the CLDN2-MORC4 region predisposes to CD in a Swedish population.
文摘Buses are the most critical part of urban-rural transit systems.However,bus transit services in urban-rural areas face a trade-offbetween the need for better services and the low profitability resulting from low travel demand.In this study,we show that we can improve the utilization and profitability of urban-rural buses by merging freight transportation with passenger transportation.We developed a mixed-integer program to model and analyze the coordination between freight and passenger transportation in an urban-rural transit system.We then conducted a case study to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.The numerical results indicate that the consolidation of passenger and freight transportation significantly reduces the operation cost of logistics companies and improves the profit of bus companies.We finally discuss the consolidation’s positive impacts on logistics companies,bus service providers,and society.
基金This work was supported by EPSRC grants EP/K021966/1 and EP/L023652/1.S.B.P.is now at the Department of Electronic Engineering&York Biomedical Research Institute,University of York,York,YO105DD UK.M.P.B.is part of the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology funded by a Wellcome Trust core grant(104111/Z/14/Z).
文摘There is a global unmet need for rapid and cost-effective prognostic and diagnostic tools that can be used at the bedside or in the doctor’s office to reduce the impact of serious disease.Many cancers are diagnosed late,leading to costly treatment and reduced life expectancy.With prostate cancer,the absence of a reliable test has inhibited the adoption of screening programs.We report a microelectronic point-of-care metabolite biomarker measurement platform and use it for prostate cancer detection.The platform,using an array of photodetectors configured to operate with targeted,multiplexed,colorimetric assays confined in monolithically integrated passive microfluidic channels,completes a combined assay of 4 metabolites in a drop of human plasma in under 2 min.A preliminary clinical study using L-amino acids,glutamate,choline,and sarcosine was used to train a cross-validated random forest algorithm.The system demonstrated sensitivity to prostate cancer of 94%with a specificity of 70%and an area under the curve of 0.78.The technology can implement many similar assay panels and hence has the potential to revolutionize low-cost,rapid,point-of-care testing.
