The advancement of wireless technologies has increased the global demand for ubiquitous connectivity.However,this surge has increased electromagnetic pollution.This study introduces a composite comprising a polymer ma...The advancement of wireless technologies has increased the global demand for ubiquitous connectivity.However,this surge has increased electromagnetic pollution.This study introduces a composite comprising a polymer matrix(polydimethylsiloxane,PDMS)and a magnetic filler(carbonyl iron powder,CIP)to effectively absorb electromagnetic waves(EMW)and suppress electromagnetic noise,while exhibiting good mechanical properties.Eutectic gallium–indium(EGa In)liquid metal(LM)was introduced to improve the insulating properties of magnetic fillers.A core–shell structure was obtained by coating the CIP particles with EGa In,thereby combining magnetic and dielectric materials to enhance EMW absorption.The fluid characteristics of the LM improved the mechanical properties,whereas its electrical conductivity enhanced interfacial polarization loss,thereby augmenting the dielectric loss value of the composites.Moreover,the application of mechanical strain enhanced the EMW absorption of the LM/CIP/PDMS composites due to the formation of a conductive LM network.展开更多
Photothermal catalysis is a synergetic process where photocatalysis and thermal catalysis work together to promote catalytic reactions,which compensates for the critical shortcomings of photocatalysis and thermal cata...Photothermal catalysis is a synergetic process where photocatalysis and thermal catalysis work together to promote catalytic reactions,which compensates for the critical shortcomings of photocatalysis and thermal catalysis,achieving an effect of 1+1>2.Previous reviews have summarized the mechanism of photothermal catalysis and its specific application in certain fields,but few have systematically analyzed the essential factors affecting the activity of photothermal catalysis,or provided a comprehensive summary of its application fields.In this review,the superiority of photothermal catalysis over individual photocatalysis and thermal catalysis will be comprehensively discussed with the aim to emphasize the importance of developing photothermal catalysis.After elucidating the basic mechanism of photothermal catalysis,an ample discussion on the factors influencing the catalytic activity of photothermal materials is provided from the following three perspectives:morphology,localized surface plasmon resonance,and defective structure of photothermal materials.Subsequently,this review summarizes the broad applications of photothermal catalysis in environmental management and energy conversion.Finally,this review discusses the challenges encountered in photothermal catalysis technology and proposes directions for future development.It provides new perspectives and a profound understanding of photothermal materials in photothermal environmental governance and energy conversion.展开更多
Demand for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has escalated incredibly in the past few years.A conventional method to improve the performance is to chemically partly substitute the transition metal with another ...Demand for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has escalated incredibly in the past few years.A conventional method to improve the performance is to chemically partly substitute the transition metal with another to increase its conductivity.In this study,we have chosen to investigate the lithium diffusion in doped anatase(TiO_(2))anodes for high-rate LIBs.Substitutional doping of TiO_(2)with the pentavalent Nb has previously been shown to increase the high-rate performances of this anode material dramatically.Despite the conventional belief,we explicitly show that Nb is mobile and diffusing at room temperature,and different diffusion mechanisms are discussed.Diffusing Nb in TiO_(2)has staggering implications concerning most chemically substituted LIBs and their performance.While the only mobile ion is typically asserted to be Li,this study clearly shows that the transition metals are also diffusing,together with the Li.This implies that a method that can hinder the diffusion of transition metals will increase the performance of our current LIBs even further.展开更多
Overcoming the tradeoffbetween mechanical strength and electrical conductivity is a long-standing chal-lenge in developing advanced copper alloys for industrial applications.Herein,we report a new strategy to obtain h...Overcoming the tradeoffbetween mechanical strength and electrical conductivity is a long-standing chal-lenge in developing advanced copper alloys for industrial applications.Herein,we report a new strategy to obtain high strength and good conductivity of Cu-Ni-Si-Ca alloy by introducing and regulating the discontinuous precipitation(DP)and continuous precipitation(CP)behaviors.The DP process combined with thermomechanical treatment was exploited to expedite the precipitation kinetics,whilst the com-petition between DP and CP was utilized to inhibit the nucleation and growth of continuous precipitation phase(CPP).The resultant copper alloy exhibits superior comprehensive properties with a yield strength of 956 MPa,fracture strength of 989 MPa,and electrical conductivity of 34.1%IACS.The improved elec-trical conductivity is attributed to the heterogeneous-nucleation dominant DP,while the high strength stems from the combination of strain hardening and precipitation strengthening of δ-Ni2 Si and t-Ni3 Si precipitates.Notably,the precipitation strengthening arises from both the dislocation passing and cutting mechanisms,with the strongly ordered DO22-type(t-Ni3 Si)phase contributing approximately 202 MPa to the overall strength through the cutting mechanism.This work offers a new pathway for alloy design of high-strength and high-electrical-conductivity copper alloys,by regulating coherent ordered nanoprecip-itates through DP and CP.展开更多
利用无线通讯网络中的微波链路来监测降雨和水汽等是大气环境监测的新技术之一。这个技术可以测量近地面的降雨强度和水汽密度等气象参数,具有时空分辨率高、成本低等优势。利用瑞典爱立信公司(Ericsson)提供的位于哥德堡地区E频段的微...利用无线通讯网络中的微波链路来监测降雨和水汽等是大气环境监测的新技术之一。这个技术可以测量近地面的降雨强度和水汽密度等气象参数,具有时空分辨率高、成本低等优势。利用瑞典爱立信公司(Ericsson)提供的位于哥德堡地区E频段的微波通讯链路资料、位于链路一端的气象站1资料和由瑞典气象水文研究所(SMHI)气象网站提供的气象站2资料,对2017年06月13日至2017年07月13日近1个月的水汽密度进行反演计算和分析。结果表明:同一区域的不同地点处的气象要素有一定的差异性,同一区域的温度会有一定的浮动(0~4℃),两者之间的相关性为0. 87;微波通讯链路反演的水汽密度结果与研究区域的地面气象站1和气象站2测量结果有很好的一致性,两者之间的相关性分别为0. 89和0. 97,均方根误分别差为0. 75 g m3和0. 79 g m3;利用微波链路,与现有的湿度监测方法相比,可以为现有的天气监测网络提供额外的丰富的数据源。展开更多
Duodenal ulcer (DU) can be developed viaseveral different mechanisms.Hypersecretion ofgastric acid is,however,a common denominator.Amassive hypersecretion of acid can by itself evoke aDU,e.g.in the Zollinger-Ellison s...Duodenal ulcer (DU) can be developed viaseveral different mechanisms.Hypersecretion ofgastric acid is,however,a common denominator.Amassive hypersecretion of acid can by itself evoke aDU,e.g.in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.Irrespective of the mechanism behind thedevelopment of a DU,powerful antisecretorytreatment will heal the ulcer and preventrecurrence.展开更多
The main goal of the treatment of patients with periodontitis is to establish adequate infection control. To satisfy demands for acceptable aesthetics and chewing function with good long-term prognosis in patients wit...The main goal of the treatment of patients with periodontitis is to establish adequate infection control. To satisfy demands for acceptable aesthetics and chewing function with good long-term prognosis in patients with periodontitis requires the establishment of adequate infection control. Pocket instrumentation (scaling and root planing with or without flap elevation), combined with effective self-performed supragingival plaque control measures, constitutes the basic treatment modalities.展开更多
AIM： To study the serum concentration of IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist （IL-1Ra） and IL-18 in Gαi2-deficient mice at the age of 6 （healthy）, 12 （pre-colitic） and 24 wk （coUtic） and in healthy control mice....AIM： To study the serum concentration of IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist （IL-1Ra） and IL-18 in Gαi2-deficient mice at the age of 6 （healthy）, 12 （pre-colitic） and 24 wk （coUtic） and in healthy control mice. METHODS： At the time of killing, serum samples were collected and IL-1β, IL-1Ra and IL-18 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS： Serum concentration of IL-1Ra was significantly increased in pre-colitic （median： 524 ng/L; P= 0.02） and colitic （450 ng/L; P= 0.01）, but not in healthy （196 ng/L） Gαi2-deficient mice as compared with controls （217 ng/L）. Serum concentrations of IL-1β did not differ between Gαi2-deficient mice and their controls, irrespective of age, IL-18 was significantly increased in colitic, but not in pre-colitic mice compared with controls （510 ng/L vs 190 ng/L; P= 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The increased serum concentrations of IL-18 and IL-1Ra in established diseases are suggested as markers of ongoing colitis. Interestingly, the significantly increased serum concentration of IL-1Ra in pre-colitic mice is found to be an early marker of disease progression.展开更多
Tin(IV)oxide(Sn_(3)O_(4))is layered tin and exhibits mixed valence states.It has emerged as a highly promising visible-light pho-tocatalyst,attracting considerable attention.This comprehensive review is aimed at provi...Tin(IV)oxide(Sn_(3)O_(4))is layered tin and exhibits mixed valence states.It has emerged as a highly promising visible-light pho-tocatalyst,attracting considerable attention.This comprehensive review is aimed at providing a detailed overview of the latest advance-ments in research,applications,advantages,and challenges associated with Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials.The fundamental con-cepts and principles of Sn_(3)O_(4)are introduced.Sn_(3)O_(4)possesses a unique crystal structure and optoelectronic properties that allow it to ab-sorb visible light efficiently and generate photoexcited charge carriers that drive photocatalytic reactions.Subsequently,strategies for the control and improved performance of Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials are discussed.Morphology control,ion doping,and hetero-structure construction are widely employed in the optimization of the photocatalytic performance of Sn_(3)O_(4)materials.The effective imple-mentation of these strategies improves the photocatalytic activity and stability of Sn_(3)O_(4)nanomaterials.Furthermore,the review explores the diverse applications of Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials in various fields,such as photocatalytic degradation,photocatalytic hydro-gen production,photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide,solar cells,photocatalytic sterilization,and optoelectronic sensors.The discus-sion focuses on the potential of Sn_(3)O_(4)-based nanomaterials in these applications,highlighting their unique attributes and functionalities.Finally,the review provides an outlook on the future development directions in the field and offers guidance for the exploration and de-velopment of novel and efficient Sn_(3)O_(4)-based nanomaterials.Through the identification of emerging research areas and potential avenues for improvement,this review aims to stimulate further advancements in Sn_(3)O_(4)-based photocatalysis and facilitate the translation of this promising technology into practical applications.展开更多
Objectives: We assessed the risk of adverse cardiovascular(CV) outcomes associated with atrial fibrillation(AF) in the Candesartan in Heart failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity(CHARM) program, wh...Objectives: We assessed the risk of adverse cardiovascular(CV) outcomes associated with atrial fibrillation(AF) in the Candesartan in Heart failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity(CHARM) program, which enrolled patients with chronic heart failure(CHF) and a broad range of ejection fractions(EFs). Background: Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of adverse CV outcomes in patients with CHF and reduced EF. The risk of AF in patients with CHF and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction(PEF) is unknown. Methods: A total of 7,599 patients with symptomatic CHF were randomized to candesartan or placebo. Patients were divided by baseline EF(≤40%or >40%) in low or preserved EF groups. Major outcomes were cardiovascular death or hospitalization for worsening heart failure, and all cause mortality. Median follow-up was 37.7 months. Results: A total of 670(17%) patients in the low EF group and 478(19%) in the PEF group had AF at baseline. Atrial fibrillation predicted a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality regardless of baseline EF. Patients with AF and low EF had the highest absolute risk for adverse CV outcomes. However, AF was associated with greater relative increased risk of the major outcomes in patients with PEF than in patients with low EF: hazard ratio 1.72(95%confidence interval[CI] 1.45 to 2.06)versus 1.29(95%CI 1.14 to 1.46), respectively. The same was true for the risk of all-cause mortality. Candesartan was associated with similar treatment effects regardless of baseline rhythm. Conclusions: Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of CV outcomes in patients with CHF and either reduced EF or PEF. Candesartan improved outcomes similarly regardless of baseline rhythm.展开更多
Owing to the utilization of lithium metal as anode with the ultrahigh theoretical capacity density of 3860 mA h g^(-1)and oxide-based ceramic solid-state electrolytes(SE),e.g.,garnet-type Li7La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(LLZO),a...Owing to the utilization of lithium metal as anode with the ultrahigh theoretical capacity density of 3860 mA h g^(-1)and oxide-based ceramic solid-state electrolytes(SE),e.g.,garnet-type Li7La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(LLZO),all-state-state lithium metal batteries(ASLMBs)have been widely accepted as the promising alternatives for providing the satisfactory energy density and safety.However,its applications are still challenged by plenty of technical and scientific issues.In this contribution,the co-sintering temperature at 500℃is proved as a compromise method to fabricate the composite cathode with structural integrity and declined capacity fading of LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_(2)(NCM).On the other hand,it tends to form weaker grain boundary(GB)inside polycrystalline LLZO at inadequate sintering temperature for LLZO,which can induce the intergranular failure of SE during the growth of Li filament inside the unavoidable defect on the interface of SE.Therefore,increasing the strength of GB,refining the grain to 0.4μm,and precluding the interfacial defect are suggested to postpone the electro-chemo-mechanical failure of SE with weak GB.Moreover,the advanced sintering techniques to lower the co-sintering temperature for both NCM-LLZO composite cathode and LLZO SE can be posted out to realize the viability of state-of-the-art ASLMBs with higher energy density as well as the guaranteed safety.展开更多
Intrapartum maternal normoglycemia seems to play an important role in the prevention of adverse perinatal, maternal and neonatal outcomes. Several glucose monitoring protocols have been developed, aiming to achieve a ...Intrapartum maternal normoglycemia seems to play an important role in the prevention of adverse perinatal, maternal and neonatal outcomes. Several glucose monitoring protocols have been developed, aiming to achieve a tight glucose monitoring and control. Depending on the type of diabetes and the optimal or suboptimal glycemic control, the treatment options include fasting status of the parturient, frequent monitoring of capillary blood glucose, intravenous dextrose infusion and subcutaneous or intravenous use of insulin. Continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS) is a relatively new technology that measures interstitial glucose at very short time intervals over a specifi c period of time. The resulting profi le provides a more comprehensive measure of glycemic excursions than intermittent home blood glucose monitoring. Results of studies applying the CGMS technology in patients with or without diabetes mellitus(DM) have revealed new insights in glucose metabolism. Moreover, CGMS have a potential role in the improvement of glycemic control during pregnancy and labor, which may lead to a decrease in perinatal morbidity and mortality. In conclusion, the use of CGMS, with its important technical advantages compared to the conventional way of monitoring, may lead into a more etiological intrapartum management of both the mother and her fetus/infant in pregnancies complicated with DM.展开更多
The effect of different kinds of cap layers on optical property of InAs quantum dots （QDs） on GaAs （100） substrate was studied. Temperature dependent photoluminescence （PL） indicates that the PL integrated inten...The effect of different kinds of cap layers on optical property of InAs quantum dots （QDs） on GaAs （100） substrate was studied. Temperature dependent photoluminescence （PL） indicates that the PL integrated intensity from the ground state of InAs QDs capped with an intermediate InAIAs layer drops very little as compared to QDs capped with a thin InGaAs or GaAs cap layer from 15 K up to room temperature. PL integrated intensity ratio of the first excited to ground states for InAs QDs capped with an intermediate InAIAs layer is unexpectedly decreased with increasing temperature, which are attributed to phonon bottleneck effect. A virtual barrier is proposed to describe this physics process and shows good agreement with experimental results when fitting the curve with the value of the virtual barrier 30 meV.展开更多
Objective. Assessment of liver histology is pivotal in prognostication and decision- making regarding therapeutic intervention in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). Being an invasive procedure, the liver b...Objective. Assessment of liver histology is pivotal in prognostication and decision- making regarding therapeutic intervention in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). Being an invasive procedure, the liver biopsy is associated with complications, and a non- invasive alternative would be preferable. Material and methods. Sera samples from 179 patients with chronic HCV infection collected at the time of liver biopsy were analyzed using routinely available biochemical markers of liver disease, and liver histology was evaluated using the Ishak protocol. The relationship between the serum biochemical markers and cirrhosis (Ishak stage ≥ 5) as well as bridging fibrosis (Ishak stage ≥ 3) was examined. Results. A strong association was found in the multivariate logistic regression analysis between fibrosis stage and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), platelet count and prothrombin- INR (inte- rnational normalized ratio). An index (the G teborg University Cirrhosis Index (GUCI)) was calculated using these variables: normalized AST × prothrombin- INR × 100/ platelet count ( × 109/l). Using a cut- off value of 1.0, the sensitivity was 80% and the specificity 78% for diagnosis of cirrhosis, and the negative predictive values (NPV) and positive predictive values (PPV)- were 97% and 31% , respectively. The GUCI score proved slightly superior for sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for prediction of cirrhosis and bridging fibrosis compared with the AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), which has been reported as a predictor of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis. Conclusions. An index using routinely available biochemical markers can with a high degree of accuracy discriminate patients with from those without hepatitis C- related cirrhosis.展开更多
Background &Aims: Gain-of-function mutations in the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase gene and rare mutations in the platelet derived growth factor receptor α(PDGFRA) gene are important events in gastrointestinal stro...Background &Aims: Gain-of-function mutations in the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase gene and rare mutations in the platelet derived growth factor receptor α(PDGFRA) gene are important events in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) development. Different mutations are reportedly associated with distinctive phenotypes and possibly clinical behavior. We investigated the correlation among mutation type, phenotype, and clinical course in a preimatinib, population-based series of GIST with long-term follow-up. Methods: Genomic DNA from 177 GIST patients was analyzed for KIT exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 and PDGFRA exons 12 and 18 mutations using denaturating high-performance liquid chromatography and bidirectional sequencing. Results:KIT exon 11 mutations were detected in 101 of 177 GIST (61 deletions, 23 missense mutations, and 17 duplications); wild-type (WT) KIT and PDGFRA were detected in 63; KIT exon 9 and exon 17 mutations in 6 and 1, respectively; and PDGFRA exons 12 and 18 mutations in 3 each. GIST >5 cm vs GIST ≤1 cm had mutations in 73%and 33%, respectively. KIT exon 11 deletions were significantly associated with a higher proportion of high risk or overtly malignant groups compared with WT GIST.KIT exon 11 deletions adversely affected outcome. KIT exon 11 duplications and exon 9 mutations were found exclusively in gastric and small intestinal GIST, respectively. Conclusions: KIT exon 11 deletion is an independent adverse prognostic factor in patients with GIST.展开更多
Aim: 1) To assess the reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ), 2) to determine the correlation between children’ s and parents’ responses to the CHQ, and 3) to describ...Aim: 1) To assess the reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ), 2) to determine the correlation between children’ s and parents’ responses to the CHQ, and 3) to describe and compare responses to the CHQ of four diagnostic groups. Methods: A total of 199 Swedish children aged 9- 16 with diagnoses of asthma (n = 53), diabetes (n = 48), short stature (n = 51) and juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA, n = 47) and their parents answered the CHQ and relevant validation instruments at a clinic check- up. Coefficient alphas were determined for all dimensions of the instrument, and all but four had acceptable to very good reliability (0.75- 0.94). Results: Concerning construct validity, the CHQ correlated significantly with appropriate dimensions of the validation instruments. In general, there were significant correlations between the children’ s and parents’ responses. Comparisons between the diagnostic groups showed several significant differences. The short stature group had the highest quality of life and the JCA group the lowest. There were no sex differences, but children who had not reached puberty scored better on the dimensions of mental health and self- esteem. Conclusion: The Swedish version of the CHQ is a reliable and valid instrument. Furthermore, it is recommended to ask children themselves about their healthrelated quality of life.展开更多
The modern Western lifestyle may have altered the composition of the commensal microflora. Here,we investigated the first year’s intestinal colonization pattern in 99 vaginally delivered Swedish infants and 17 delive...The modern Western lifestyle may have altered the composition of the commensal microflora. Here,we investigated the first year’s intestinal colonization pattern in 99 vaginally delivered Swedish infants and 17 delivered by cesarean section. Rectal swabs obtained at 3 d of age were cultured for aerobic bacteria and fecal samples obtained at 1,2,4,and 8 wk and at 6 and 12 mo of age were cultivated quantitatively for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Vaginally delivered infants more often had Escherichia coli compared with cesarean section-delivered infants,whereas the latter more frequently earned other enterobacteria,such as Klebsiella and Enterobacter. Independent of delivery mode,it took 2 mo until most infants were colonized by enterobacteria,traditionally the first colonizers. In contrast,coagulase-negative staphylococci colonized 99%of the infants from d 3 onwards. The poor adaptation of staphylococci to the gut was shown by declining population sizes after some weeks. Dominating anaerobes were initially bifidobacteria and clostridia,whereas Bacteroides initially colonized only 30%of vaginally delivered infants and increased very slowly in prevalence. Bacteroides colonization was delayed up to 1 y in cesarean section-delivered compared with vaginally delivered infants. Our results show that some “traditional”fecal bacteria are acquired late today especially in cesarean section-delivered infants,probably due to limited environmental circulation. In their absence,skin bacteria like staphylococci have become the first gut colonizers.展开更多
IGF- I is important for somatic growth and development of the human fetus an d neonate. IGF- I also plays an important role in normal vascularization of hum an retina, as it has been suggested that insufficient IGF- I...IGF- I is important for somatic growth and development of the human fetus an d neonate. IGF- I also plays an important role in normal vascularization of hum an retina, as it has been suggested that insufficient IGF- I may be a factor in the development of retinopathy of prematurity. The principal regulator of the b ioavailability of IGF- I in the circulation is IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP- 3 ). The aim of this study was to study factors associated with postnatal serum co ncentrations of IGF- I and of IGFBP- 3 in preterm infants from birth to an age corresponding to 40 wk postmenstruation. We conducted a prospective, longitudin al study in which we measured serum IGF- I and IGFBP- 3 concentrations in 76 p reterm infants from birth (postmenstrual ages 23- 32 wk) until discharge from h ospital around 40 wk. Information regarding nutrition, weight gain, maternal fac tors, and treatment with corticosteroids were collected weekly. Variables found to be associated with postnatal change over time of serum IGF- I and IGFBP- 3 were postmenstrual age (p < 0.001), weight gain (standard deviation score) (p < 0.001), and enteral intake of protein (p < 0.001). Male gender was associated wi th lower IGF- I levels (p < 0.001). The relationship between protein intake and IGF- I (and also between protein intake and IGFBP- 3) was positive, as was th e relationship between weight gain and IGF- I (and between weight gain and IGFB P- 3). These results indicate that the degree of prematurity, low enteral prote in intake, male gender, and slow weight gain are associated with a slower postna tal increase of IGF- I in preterm infants.展开更多
基金supported by the Global Research Development Center(GRDC)Cooperative Hub Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.RS-202300257595)。
文摘The advancement of wireless technologies has increased the global demand for ubiquitous connectivity.However,this surge has increased electromagnetic pollution.This study introduces a composite comprising a polymer matrix(polydimethylsiloxane,PDMS)and a magnetic filler(carbonyl iron powder,CIP)to effectively absorb electromagnetic waves(EMW)and suppress electromagnetic noise,while exhibiting good mechanical properties.Eutectic gallium–indium(EGa In)liquid metal(LM)was introduced to improve the insulating properties of magnetic fillers.A core–shell structure was obtained by coating the CIP particles with EGa In,thereby combining magnetic and dielectric materials to enhance EMW absorption.The fluid characteristics of the LM improved the mechanical properties,whereas its electrical conductivity enhanced interfacial polarization loss,thereby augmenting the dielectric loss value of the composites.Moreover,the application of mechanical strain enhanced the EMW absorption of the LM/CIP/PDMS composites due to the formation of a conductive LM network.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52161145409,21976116)State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs(SAFEA)of China(“Belt and Road”Innovative Talent Exchange Foreign Expert Project,2023041004L+1 种基金Highend Foreign Expert Project,G2023041021L)Alexander-vonHumboldt Foundation of Germany(Group-Linkage Program)。
文摘Photothermal catalysis is a synergetic process where photocatalysis and thermal catalysis work together to promote catalytic reactions,which compensates for the critical shortcomings of photocatalysis and thermal catalysis,achieving an effect of 1+1>2.Previous reviews have summarized the mechanism of photothermal catalysis and its specific application in certain fields,but few have systematically analyzed the essential factors affecting the activity of photothermal catalysis,or provided a comprehensive summary of its application fields.In this review,the superiority of photothermal catalysis over individual photocatalysis and thermal catalysis will be comprehensively discussed with the aim to emphasize the importance of developing photothermal catalysis.After elucidating the basic mechanism of photothermal catalysis,an ample discussion on the factors influencing the catalytic activity of photothermal materials is provided from the following three perspectives:morphology,localized surface plasmon resonance,and defective structure of photothermal materials.Subsequently,this review summarizes the broad applications of photothermal catalysis in environmental management and energy conversion.Finally,this review discusses the challenges encountered in photothermal catalysis technology and proposes directions for future development.It provides new perspectives and a profound understanding of photothermal materials in photothermal environmental governance and energy conversion.
基金supported by Vetenskapsrådet(2022-06217)supported by the Swedish Research Council(VR)through a Starting Grant(Dnr.2017-05078)+7 种基金M.M.through a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action and the Swedish Research Council-VR(Dnr.2014-6426 and 2016-06955)Carl Tryggers Foundation for Scientific Research(CTS-18:272)supported by the Swedish Research Council(VR)through Grant 2022-06217the Foundation Blanceflor fellow scholarships for 2023 and 2024the Ruth and Nils-Erik Stenbäck Foundationthe funding from the Area of Advance-Material Sciences from Chalmers University of Technologysupported byÅForsk via the grant 22-378supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion Science(JSPS)KAKENHI Grant Nos.JP20K1149,JP23H01840 and JP24H00042.
文摘Demand for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has escalated incredibly in the past few years.A conventional method to improve the performance is to chemically partly substitute the transition metal with another to increase its conductivity.In this study,we have chosen to investigate the lithium diffusion in doped anatase(TiO_(2))anodes for high-rate LIBs.Substitutional doping of TiO_(2)with the pentavalent Nb has previously been shown to increase the high-rate performances of this anode material dramatically.Despite the conventional belief,we explicitly show that Nb is mobile and diffusing at room temperature,and different diffusion mechanisms are discussed.Diffusing Nb in TiO_(2)has staggering implications concerning most chemically substituted LIBs and their performance.While the only mobile ion is typically asserted to be Li,this study clearly shows that the transition metals are also diffusing,together with the Li.This implies that a method that can hinder the diffusion of transition metals will increase the performance of our current LIBs even further.
基金supported by the Funds for Cre-ative Research Groups of China(No.51921001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Major Research Program Integration Project(No.92266301)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.51925401)the National Key Research and Development Programme of China(No.2023YFB3812601)the Youth Foundation of National Natural Science Foundation China(No.52001020).
文摘Overcoming the tradeoffbetween mechanical strength and electrical conductivity is a long-standing chal-lenge in developing advanced copper alloys for industrial applications.Herein,we report a new strategy to obtain high strength and good conductivity of Cu-Ni-Si-Ca alloy by introducing and regulating the discontinuous precipitation(DP)and continuous precipitation(CP)behaviors.The DP process combined with thermomechanical treatment was exploited to expedite the precipitation kinetics,whilst the com-petition between DP and CP was utilized to inhibit the nucleation and growth of continuous precipitation phase(CPP).The resultant copper alloy exhibits superior comprehensive properties with a yield strength of 956 MPa,fracture strength of 989 MPa,and electrical conductivity of 34.1%IACS.The improved elec-trical conductivity is attributed to the heterogeneous-nucleation dominant DP,while the high strength stems from the combination of strain hardening and precipitation strengthening of δ-Ni2 Si and t-Ni3 Si precipitates.Notably,the precipitation strengthening arises from both the dislocation passing and cutting mechanisms,with the strongly ordered DO22-type(t-Ni3 Si)phase contributing approximately 202 MPa to the overall strength through the cutting mechanism.This work offers a new pathway for alloy design of high-strength and high-electrical-conductivity copper alloys,by regulating coherent ordered nanoprecip-itates through DP and CP.
文摘利用无线通讯网络中的微波链路来监测降雨和水汽等是大气环境监测的新技术之一。这个技术可以测量近地面的降雨强度和水汽密度等气象参数,具有时空分辨率高、成本低等优势。利用瑞典爱立信公司(Ericsson)提供的位于哥德堡地区E频段的微波通讯链路资料、位于链路一端的气象站1资料和由瑞典气象水文研究所(SMHI)气象网站提供的气象站2资料,对2017年06月13日至2017年07月13日近1个月的水汽密度进行反演计算和分析。结果表明:同一区域的不同地点处的气象要素有一定的差异性,同一区域的温度会有一定的浮动(0~4℃),两者之间的相关性为0. 87;微波通讯链路反演的水汽密度结果与研究区域的地面气象站1和气象站2测量结果有很好的一致性,两者之间的相关性分别为0. 89和0. 97,均方根误分别差为0. 75 g m3和0. 79 g m3;利用微波链路,与现有的湿度监测方法相比,可以为现有的天气监测网络提供额外的丰富的数据源。
文摘Duodenal ulcer (DU) can be developed viaseveral different mechanisms.Hypersecretion ofgastric acid is,however,a common denominator.Amassive hypersecretion of acid can by itself evoke aDU,e.g.in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.Irrespective of the mechanism behind thedevelopment of a DU,powerful antisecretorytreatment will heal the ulcer and preventrecurrence.
文摘The main goal of the treatment of patients with periodontitis is to establish adequate infection control. To satisfy demands for acceptable aesthetics and chewing function with good long-term prognosis in patients with periodontitis requires the establishment of adequate infection control. Pocket instrumentation (scaling and root planing with or without flap elevation), combined with effective self-performed supragingival plaque control measures, constitutes the basic treatment modalities.
文摘AIM： To study the serum concentration of IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist （IL-1Ra） and IL-18 in Gαi2-deficient mice at the age of 6 （healthy）, 12 （pre-colitic） and 24 wk （coUtic） and in healthy control mice. METHODS： At the time of killing, serum samples were collected and IL-1β, IL-1Ra and IL-18 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS： Serum concentration of IL-1Ra was significantly increased in pre-colitic （median： 524 ng/L; P= 0.02） and colitic （450 ng/L; P= 0.01）, but not in healthy （196 ng/L） Gαi2-deficient mice as compared with controls （217 ng/L）. Serum concentrations of IL-1β did not differ between Gαi2-deficient mice and their controls, irrespective of age, IL-18 was significantly increased in colitic, but not in pre-colitic mice compared with controls （510 ng/L vs 190 ng/L; P= 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The increased serum concentrations of IL-18 and IL-1Ra in established diseases are suggested as markers of ongoing colitis. Interestingly, the significantly increased serum concentration of IL-1Ra in pre-colitic mice is found to be an early marker of disease progression.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272212)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2022JQ20 and ZR2023MB126)+2 种基金the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202211168)the Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science,MOE(No.M2022-7)the STIEI scientific research funding project(No.GCC2023036).
文摘Tin(IV)oxide(Sn_(3)O_(4))is layered tin and exhibits mixed valence states.It has emerged as a highly promising visible-light pho-tocatalyst,attracting considerable attention.This comprehensive review is aimed at providing a detailed overview of the latest advance-ments in research,applications,advantages,and challenges associated with Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials.The fundamental con-cepts and principles of Sn_(3)O_(4)are introduced.Sn_(3)O_(4)possesses a unique crystal structure and optoelectronic properties that allow it to ab-sorb visible light efficiently and generate photoexcited charge carriers that drive photocatalytic reactions.Subsequently,strategies for the control and improved performance of Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials are discussed.Morphology control,ion doping,and hetero-structure construction are widely employed in the optimization of the photocatalytic performance of Sn_(3)O_(4)materials.The effective imple-mentation of these strategies improves the photocatalytic activity and stability of Sn_(3)O_(4)nanomaterials.Furthermore,the review explores the diverse applications of Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials in various fields,such as photocatalytic degradation,photocatalytic hydro-gen production,photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide,solar cells,photocatalytic sterilization,and optoelectronic sensors.The discus-sion focuses on the potential of Sn_(3)O_(4)-based nanomaterials in these applications,highlighting their unique attributes and functionalities.Finally,the review provides an outlook on the future development directions in the field and offers guidance for the exploration and de-velopment of novel and efficient Sn_(3)O_(4)-based nanomaterials.Through the identification of emerging research areas and potential avenues for improvement,this review aims to stimulate further advancements in Sn_(3)O_(4)-based photocatalysis and facilitate the translation of this promising technology into practical applications.
文摘Objectives: We assessed the risk of adverse cardiovascular(CV) outcomes associated with atrial fibrillation(AF) in the Candesartan in Heart failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity(CHARM) program, which enrolled patients with chronic heart failure(CHF) and a broad range of ejection fractions(EFs). Background: Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of adverse CV outcomes in patients with CHF and reduced EF. The risk of AF in patients with CHF and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction(PEF) is unknown. Methods: A total of 7,599 patients with symptomatic CHF were randomized to candesartan or placebo. Patients were divided by baseline EF(≤40%or >40%) in low or preserved EF groups. Major outcomes were cardiovascular death or hospitalization for worsening heart failure, and all cause mortality. Median follow-up was 37.7 months. Results: A total of 670(17%) patients in the low EF group and 478(19%) in the PEF group had AF at baseline. Atrial fibrillation predicted a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality regardless of baseline EF. Patients with AF and low EF had the highest absolute risk for adverse CV outcomes. However, AF was associated with greater relative increased risk of the major outcomes in patients with PEF than in patients with low EF: hazard ratio 1.72(95%confidence interval[CI] 1.45 to 2.06)versus 1.29(95%CI 1.14 to 1.46), respectively. The same was true for the risk of all-cause mortality. Candesartan was associated with similar treatment effects regardless of baseline rhythm. Conclusions: Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of CV outcomes in patients with CHF and either reduced EF or PEF. Candesartan improved outcomes similarly regardless of baseline rhythm.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12102328)for supporting this work。
文摘Owing to the utilization of lithium metal as anode with the ultrahigh theoretical capacity density of 3860 mA h g^(-1)and oxide-based ceramic solid-state electrolytes(SE),e.g.,garnet-type Li7La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(LLZO),all-state-state lithium metal batteries(ASLMBs)have been widely accepted as the promising alternatives for providing the satisfactory energy density and safety.However,its applications are still challenged by plenty of technical and scientific issues.In this contribution,the co-sintering temperature at 500℃is proved as a compromise method to fabricate the composite cathode with structural integrity and declined capacity fading of LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_(2)(NCM).On the other hand,it tends to form weaker grain boundary(GB)inside polycrystalline LLZO at inadequate sintering temperature for LLZO,which can induce the intergranular failure of SE during the growth of Li filament inside the unavoidable defect on the interface of SE.Therefore,increasing the strength of GB,refining the grain to 0.4μm,and precluding the interfacial defect are suggested to postpone the electro-chemo-mechanical failure of SE with weak GB.Moreover,the advanced sintering techniques to lower the co-sintering temperature for both NCM-LLZO composite cathode and LLZO SE can be posted out to realize the viability of state-of-the-art ASLMBs with higher energy density as well as the guaranteed safety.
文摘Intrapartum maternal normoglycemia seems to play an important role in the prevention of adverse perinatal, maternal and neonatal outcomes. Several glucose monitoring protocols have been developed, aiming to achieve a tight glucose monitoring and control. Depending on the type of diabetes and the optimal or suboptimal glycemic control, the treatment options include fasting status of the parturient, frequent monitoring of capillary blood glucose, intravenous dextrose infusion and subcutaneous or intravenous use of insulin. Continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS) is a relatively new technology that measures interstitial glucose at very short time intervals over a specifi c period of time. The resulting profi le provides a more comprehensive measure of glycemic excursions than intermittent home blood glucose monitoring. Results of studies applying the CGMS technology in patients with or without diabetes mellitus(DM) have revealed new insights in glucose metabolism. Moreover, CGMS have a potential role in the improvement of glycemic control during pregnancy and labor, which may lead to a decrease in perinatal morbidity and mortality. In conclusion, the use of CGMS, with its important technical advantages compared to the conventional way of monitoring, may lead into a more etiological intrapartum management of both the mother and her fetus/infant in pregnancies complicated with DM.
文摘The effect of different kinds of cap layers on optical property of InAs quantum dots （QDs） on GaAs （100） substrate was studied. Temperature dependent photoluminescence （PL） indicates that the PL integrated intensity from the ground state of InAs QDs capped with an intermediate InAIAs layer drops very little as compared to QDs capped with a thin InGaAs or GaAs cap layer from 15 K up to room temperature. PL integrated intensity ratio of the first excited to ground states for InAs QDs capped with an intermediate InAIAs layer is unexpectedly decreased with increasing temperature, which are attributed to phonon bottleneck effect. A virtual barrier is proposed to describe this physics process and shows good agreement with experimental results when fitting the curve with the value of the virtual barrier 30 meV.
文摘Objective. Assessment of liver histology is pivotal in prognostication and decision- making regarding therapeutic intervention in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). Being an invasive procedure, the liver biopsy is associated with complications, and a non- invasive alternative would be preferable. Material and methods. Sera samples from 179 patients with chronic HCV infection collected at the time of liver biopsy were analyzed using routinely available biochemical markers of liver disease, and liver histology was evaluated using the Ishak protocol. The relationship between the serum biochemical markers and cirrhosis (Ishak stage ≥ 5) as well as bridging fibrosis (Ishak stage ≥ 3) was examined. Results. A strong association was found in the multivariate logistic regression analysis between fibrosis stage and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), platelet count and prothrombin- INR (inte- rnational normalized ratio). An index (the G teborg University Cirrhosis Index (GUCI)) was calculated using these variables: normalized AST × prothrombin- INR × 100/ platelet count ( × 109/l). Using a cut- off value of 1.0, the sensitivity was 80% and the specificity 78% for diagnosis of cirrhosis, and the negative predictive values (NPV) and positive predictive values (PPV)- were 97% and 31% , respectively. The GUCI score proved slightly superior for sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for prediction of cirrhosis and bridging fibrosis compared with the AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), which has been reported as a predictor of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis. Conclusions. An index using routinely available biochemical markers can with a high degree of accuracy discriminate patients with from those without hepatitis C- related cirrhosis.
文摘Background &Aims: Gain-of-function mutations in the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase gene and rare mutations in the platelet derived growth factor receptor α(PDGFRA) gene are important events in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) development. Different mutations are reportedly associated with distinctive phenotypes and possibly clinical behavior. We investigated the correlation among mutation type, phenotype, and clinical course in a preimatinib, population-based series of GIST with long-term follow-up. Methods: Genomic DNA from 177 GIST patients was analyzed for KIT exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 and PDGFRA exons 12 and 18 mutations using denaturating high-performance liquid chromatography and bidirectional sequencing. Results:KIT exon 11 mutations were detected in 101 of 177 GIST (61 deletions, 23 missense mutations, and 17 duplications); wild-type (WT) KIT and PDGFRA were detected in 63; KIT exon 9 and exon 17 mutations in 6 and 1, respectively; and PDGFRA exons 12 and 18 mutations in 3 each. GIST >5 cm vs GIST ≤1 cm had mutations in 73%and 33%, respectively. KIT exon 11 deletions were significantly associated with a higher proportion of high risk or overtly malignant groups compared with WT GIST.KIT exon 11 deletions adversely affected outcome. KIT exon 11 duplications and exon 9 mutations were found exclusively in gastric and small intestinal GIST, respectively. Conclusions: KIT exon 11 deletion is an independent adverse prognostic factor in patients with GIST.
文摘Aim: 1) To assess the reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ), 2) to determine the correlation between children’ s and parents’ responses to the CHQ, and 3) to describe and compare responses to the CHQ of four diagnostic groups. Methods: A total of 199 Swedish children aged 9- 16 with diagnoses of asthma (n = 53), diabetes (n = 48), short stature (n = 51) and juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA, n = 47) and their parents answered the CHQ and relevant validation instruments at a clinic check- up. Coefficient alphas were determined for all dimensions of the instrument, and all but four had acceptable to very good reliability (0.75- 0.94). Results: Concerning construct validity, the CHQ correlated significantly with appropriate dimensions of the validation instruments. In general, there were significant correlations between the children’ s and parents’ responses. Comparisons between the diagnostic groups showed several significant differences. The short stature group had the highest quality of life and the JCA group the lowest. There were no sex differences, but children who had not reached puberty scored better on the dimensions of mental health and self- esteem. Conclusion: The Swedish version of the CHQ is a reliable and valid instrument. Furthermore, it is recommended to ask children themselves about their healthrelated quality of life.
文摘The modern Western lifestyle may have altered the composition of the commensal microflora. Here,we investigated the first year’s intestinal colonization pattern in 99 vaginally delivered Swedish infants and 17 delivered by cesarean section. Rectal swabs obtained at 3 d of age were cultured for aerobic bacteria and fecal samples obtained at 1,2,4,and 8 wk and at 6 and 12 mo of age were cultivated quantitatively for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Vaginally delivered infants more often had Escherichia coli compared with cesarean section-delivered infants,whereas the latter more frequently earned other enterobacteria,such as Klebsiella and Enterobacter. Independent of delivery mode,it took 2 mo until most infants were colonized by enterobacteria,traditionally the first colonizers. In contrast,coagulase-negative staphylococci colonized 99%of the infants from d 3 onwards. The poor adaptation of staphylococci to the gut was shown by declining population sizes after some weeks. Dominating anaerobes were initially bifidobacteria and clostridia,whereas Bacteroides initially colonized only 30%of vaginally delivered infants and increased very slowly in prevalence. Bacteroides colonization was delayed up to 1 y in cesarean section-delivered compared with vaginally delivered infants. Our results show that some “traditional”fecal bacteria are acquired late today especially in cesarean section-delivered infants,probably due to limited environmental circulation. In their absence,skin bacteria like staphylococci have become the first gut colonizers.
文摘IGF- I is important for somatic growth and development of the human fetus an d neonate. IGF- I also plays an important role in normal vascularization of hum an retina, as it has been suggested that insufficient IGF- I may be a factor in the development of retinopathy of prematurity. The principal regulator of the b ioavailability of IGF- I in the circulation is IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP- 3 ). The aim of this study was to study factors associated with postnatal serum co ncentrations of IGF- I and of IGFBP- 3 in preterm infants from birth to an age corresponding to 40 wk postmenstruation. We conducted a prospective, longitudin al study in which we measured serum IGF- I and IGFBP- 3 concentrations in 76 p reterm infants from birth (postmenstrual ages 23- 32 wk) until discharge from h ospital around 40 wk. Information regarding nutrition, weight gain, maternal fac tors, and treatment with corticosteroids were collected weekly. Variables found to be associated with postnatal change over time of serum IGF- I and IGFBP- 3 were postmenstrual age (p < 0.001), weight gain (standard deviation score) (p < 0.001), and enteral intake of protein (p < 0.001). Male gender was associated wi th lower IGF- I levels (p < 0.001). The relationship between protein intake and IGF- I (and also between protein intake and IGFBP- 3) was positive, as was th e relationship between weight gain and IGF- I (and between weight gain and IGFB P- 3). These results indicate that the degree of prematurity, low enteral prote in intake, male gender, and slow weight gain are associated with a slower postna tal increase of IGF- I in preterm infants.
