BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is a cardiometabolic risk factor characterized by elevated insulin levels.It is associated with fatty liver disease and elevated liver function tests(LFT)in cross-sectional studies,but da...BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is a cardiometabolic risk factor characterized by elevated insulin levels.It is associated with fatty liver disease and elevated liver function tests(LFT)in cross-sectional studies,but data from cohort studies are scarce.AIM To investigate the association between insulin and pathological LFT,liver disease,and cirrhosis in a populationbased retrospective cohort study.METHODS Anthropometric and cardiometabolic factors of 857 men and 1228 women from prospective cohort studies were used.LFT were obtained at two time points 8 years to 24 years after baseline.Liver disease diagnoses were obtained from nationwide registries.The association between insulin levels and the development of elevated LFT or liver disease and cirrhosis was analyzed.RESULTS Total follow-up was 54054 person-years for women and 27556 person-years for men.Insulin levels were positively correlated with elevated LFT during follow-up,whereas physical activity and coffee consumption were negatively correlated.Individuals with both insulin levels in the upper tertile and alcohol consumption above MASLD thresholds had an increased risk for both liver disease,adjusted hazard ratio(aHR)of 4.3(95%CI:1.6-14.6)and cirrhosis(aHR=4.8,95%CI:1.6-14.6).CONCLUSION This population-based study provides evidence that high insulin levels are a risk factor for development of elevated liver enzymes and clinically manifest liver disease.The results support the concept of metabolic dysfunction associated liver disease.展开更多
Membrane-initiated estrogen receptorα(mERα)signaling has been shown to affect bone mass in murine models.However,it remains unknown which cell types mediate the mERα-dependent effects on bone.In this study,we gener...Membrane-initiated estrogen receptorα(mERα)signaling has been shown to affect bone mass in murine models.However,it remains unknown which cell types mediate the mERα-dependent effects on bone.In this study,we generated a novel mouse model with a conditional C451A mutation in Esr1,which enables selective knockout of the palmitoylation site essential for the membrane localization of ERα(C451A^(f/f)).First,we used Runx2-Cre mice to generate Runx2-C451A^(f/f)mice with conditional inactivation of mERαsignaling in Runx2-expressing osteoblast lineage cells.No significant changes were observed in body weight,weights of estrogen-responsive organs,or serum concentrations of estradiol between female Runx2-C451A^(f/f)and homozygous C451A^(f/f)littermate controls.High-resolution microcomputed tomography analysis showed a consistent decrease in cortical bone mass in the tibia,femur,and vertebra L5 of Runx2-C451A^(f/f)mice and three-point bending analysis of humerus revealed an impaired mechanical bone strength in Runx2-C451A^(f/f)female mice compared to controls.Additionally,primary osteoblast cultures from mice lacking mERαsignaling showed impaired differentiation compared to controls.展开更多
针对海上交通监控中船舶数量众多,且对具有潜在碰撞危险的船舶识别效率不高的问题,提出一种基于DBSCAN(带噪声的基于密度的空间聚类)的船舶会遇实时识别方法。根据海上交通风险监控的研究需求,分析船舶会遇局面的定义。运用墨卡托算法...针对海上交通监控中船舶数量众多,且对具有潜在碰撞危险的船舶识别效率不高的问题,提出一种基于DBSCAN(带噪声的基于密度的空间聚类)的船舶会遇实时识别方法。根据海上交通风险监控的研究需求,分析船舶会遇局面的定义。运用墨卡托算法计算船舶之间的距离,采用DBSCAN算法进行船舶会遇聚类识别。基于浙江舟山群岛西南海域航行船舶的AIS数据,对设置不同船舶会遇距离的试验结果进行比较分析,结果表明:当船舶会遇距离为1 n mile时,可以将56艘船划分为7个会遇船舶类,占船舶总数的32.1%,每个会遇船舶类包括2~3艘船。将该方法运用到实际海上交通监控中,可对每个会遇船舶类中的船舶航行动态进行重点关注,降低海上交通监控人员的工作负担,提高海上交通监控的效率。展开更多
Background There is insufficient evidence to provide recommendations for leisure-time physical activity among workers across various occupational physical activity levels.This study aimed to assess the association of ...Background There is insufficient evidence to provide recommendations for leisure-time physical activity among workers across various occupational physical activity levels.This study aimed to assess the association of leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality across occupational physical activity levels.Methods This study utilized individual participant data from 21 cohort studies,comprising both published and unpublished data.Eligibility criteria included individual-level data on leisure-time and occupational physical activity(categorized as sedentary,low,moderate,and high)along with data on all-cause and/or cardiovascular mortality.A 2-stage individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted,with separate analysis of each study using Cox proportional hazards models(Stage 1).These results were combined using random-effects models(Stage 2).Results Higher leisure-time physical activity levels were associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk across most occupational physical activity levels,for both males and females.Among males with sedentary work,high compared to sedentary leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower all-cause(hazard ratios(HR)=0.77,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.70-0.85)and cardiovascular mortality(HR=0.76,95%CI:0.66-0.87)risk.Among males with high levels of occupational physical activity,high compared to sedentary leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower all-cause(HR=0.84,95%CI:0.74-0.97)and cardiovascular mortality(HR=0.79,95%CI:0.60-1.04)risk,while HRs for low and moderate levels of leisure-time physical activity ranged between 0.87 and 0.97 and were not statistically significant.Among females,most effects were similar but more imprecise,especially in the higher occupational physical activity levels.Conclusion Higher levels of leisure-time physical activity were generally associated with lower mortality risks.However,results for workers with moderate and high occupational physical activity levels,especially women,were more imprecise.Our findings suggests that workers may benefit from engaging in high levels of leisure-time physical activity,irrespective of their level of occupational physical activity.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> To make outpatient visits for adolescents with diabetes successful, it is important for health care professionals to meet the adolescents’ needs and wishes. <strong>Aims...<strong>Background:</strong> To make outpatient visits for adolescents with diabetes successful, it is important for health care professionals to meet the adolescents’ needs and wishes. <strong>Aims:</strong> The aim is to investigate adolescents’ expectations of an outpatient diabetes clinic visit in comparison to what was deemed to be delivered and contrast this outcome in adolescents with self-reported high- and low-diabetes distress respectively. <strong>Methods:</strong> All adolescents in Sweden with type 1 diabetes, aged 15 to 18 years, were identified via The National Pediatric Diabetes Registry (SWEDIABKIDS) and asked to complete an online questionnaire regarding their expectations and the support received during the outpatient diabetes clinic visit. <strong>Results:</strong> 453 adolescents completed the survey. Boys’ expectations of discussion topics were mainly met while girls, especially those with diabetes distress, felt their discussion needs were not met regarding quality-of-life aspects. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Although adolescents’ expectations are in general met during the diabetes outpatient clinic visit, aspects related to living with diabetes are not being met especially among female adolescents who reported diabetes distress. This study shows a gender difference both regarding expected discussion topics and what was deemed covered. <strong>Practice Implications:</strong> A multi-professional, individual person-centred care approach is needed at the diabetes outpatient clinic. This paper proposes that agenda setting performed by the adolescent, and agreed by the physician, prior to the outpatient clinic visit could facilitate individualized care and better meet the adolescents’ needs in a shared decision-making process.展开更多
The adult human gut microbiota consists of at least as many bacterial cells as our total number of somatic and germ cells(Sender et al.2016).Their collective genomes(microbiome)contain 2-3 order of magnitude more gene...The adult human gut microbiota consists of at least as many bacterial cells as our total number of somatic and germ cells(Sender et al.2016).Their collective genomes(microbiome)contain 2-3 order of magnitude more genes(Li et al.2014)and can accordingly complement our own human genome with functions we did not need to develop.The gut micro-biota was clearly demonstrated to protect and even treat Clostridioides difficile(earlier known as Clostridium dif-ficile)infections in humans(van Nood et al.2013).展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is a cardiometabolic risk factor characterized by elevated insulin levels.It is associated with fatty liver disease and elevated liver function tests(LFT)in cross-sectional studies,but data from cohort studies are scarce.AIM To investigate the association between insulin and pathological LFT,liver disease,and cirrhosis in a populationbased retrospective cohort study.METHODS Anthropometric and cardiometabolic factors of 857 men and 1228 women from prospective cohort studies were used.LFT were obtained at two time points 8 years to 24 years after baseline.Liver disease diagnoses were obtained from nationwide registries.The association between insulin levels and the development of elevated LFT or liver disease and cirrhosis was analyzed.RESULTS Total follow-up was 54054 person-years for women and 27556 person-years for men.Insulin levels were positively correlated with elevated LFT during follow-up,whereas physical activity and coffee consumption were negatively correlated.Individuals with both insulin levels in the upper tertile and alcohol consumption above MASLD thresholds had an increased risk for both liver disease,adjusted hazard ratio(aHR)of 4.3(95%CI:1.6-14.6)and cirrhosis(aHR=4.8,95%CI:1.6-14.6).CONCLUSION This population-based study provides evidence that high insulin levels are a risk factor for development of elevated liver enzymes and clinically manifest liver disease.The results support the concept of metabolic dysfunction associated liver disease.
基金supported by the Swedish Research Council(2017-01286,2020-01840)the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils(ALF-agreement)(ALFGBG721581)+2 种基金the Gustaf V 80-years fund(FAI-2018-0466)the IngaBritt and Arne Lundberg Foundation(LU2017-0076)the Novo Nordisk Foundation(26844).
文摘Membrane-initiated estrogen receptorα(mERα)signaling has been shown to affect bone mass in murine models.However,it remains unknown which cell types mediate the mERα-dependent effects on bone.In this study,we generated a novel mouse model with a conditional C451A mutation in Esr1,which enables selective knockout of the palmitoylation site essential for the membrane localization of ERα(C451A^(f/f)).First,we used Runx2-Cre mice to generate Runx2-C451A^(f/f)mice with conditional inactivation of mERαsignaling in Runx2-expressing osteoblast lineage cells.No significant changes were observed in body weight,weights of estrogen-responsive organs,or serum concentrations of estradiol between female Runx2-C451A^(f/f)and homozygous C451A^(f/f)littermate controls.High-resolution microcomputed tomography analysis showed a consistent decrease in cortical bone mass in the tibia,femur,and vertebra L5 of Runx2-C451A^(f/f)mice and three-point bending analysis of humerus revealed an impaired mechanical bone strength in Runx2-C451A^(f/f)female mice compared to controls.Additionally,primary osteoblast cultures from mice lacking mERαsignaling showed impaired differentiation compared to controls.
文摘针对海上交通监控中船舶数量众多,且对具有潜在碰撞危险的船舶识别效率不高的问题,提出一种基于DBSCAN(带噪声的基于密度的空间聚类)的船舶会遇实时识别方法。根据海上交通风险监控的研究需求,分析船舶会遇局面的定义。运用墨卡托算法计算船舶之间的距离,采用DBSCAN算法进行船舶会遇聚类识别。基于浙江舟山群岛西南海域航行船舶的AIS数据,对设置不同船舶会遇距离的试验结果进行比较分析,结果表明:当船舶会遇距离为1 n mile时,可以将56艘船划分为7个会遇船舶类,占船舶总数的32.1%,每个会遇船舶类包括2~3艘船。将该方法运用到实际海上交通监控中,可对每个会遇船舶类中的船舶航行动态进行重点关注,降低海上交通监控人员的工作负担,提高海上交通监控的效率。
基金The Trùndelag Health Study (HUNT) is a collaboration between HUNT Research Centre (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Trùndelag County Council, Central Norway Regional Health Authority, and the Norwegian Institute of Public HealthThe coordination of European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition - Spain study (EPIC) is financially supported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)+7 种基金by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)supported by Health Research Fund (FIS) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andaluc 1a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO (Spain)funded by The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and DevelopmentZon Mw (Grant No.: 531-00141-3)Funding for the SHIP study has been provided by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBFidentification codes 01 ZZ96030, 01 ZZ0103, and 01 ZZ0701)support from the Swedish Research Council (2018-02527 and 2019-00193)financed by the Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and by the State of Bavaria.
文摘Background There is insufficient evidence to provide recommendations for leisure-time physical activity among workers across various occupational physical activity levels.This study aimed to assess the association of leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality across occupational physical activity levels.Methods This study utilized individual participant data from 21 cohort studies,comprising both published and unpublished data.Eligibility criteria included individual-level data on leisure-time and occupational physical activity(categorized as sedentary,low,moderate,and high)along with data on all-cause and/or cardiovascular mortality.A 2-stage individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted,with separate analysis of each study using Cox proportional hazards models(Stage 1).These results were combined using random-effects models(Stage 2).Results Higher leisure-time physical activity levels were associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk across most occupational physical activity levels,for both males and females.Among males with sedentary work,high compared to sedentary leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower all-cause(hazard ratios(HR)=0.77,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.70-0.85)and cardiovascular mortality(HR=0.76,95%CI:0.66-0.87)risk.Among males with high levels of occupational physical activity,high compared to sedentary leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower all-cause(HR=0.84,95%CI:0.74-0.97)and cardiovascular mortality(HR=0.79,95%CI:0.60-1.04)risk,while HRs for low and moderate levels of leisure-time physical activity ranged between 0.87 and 0.97 and were not statistically significant.Among females,most effects were similar but more imprecise,especially in the higher occupational physical activity levels.Conclusion Higher levels of leisure-time physical activity were generally associated with lower mortality risks.However,results for workers with moderate and high occupational physical activity levels,especially women,were more imprecise.Our findings suggests that workers may benefit from engaging in high levels of leisure-time physical activity,irrespective of their level of occupational physical activity.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> To make outpatient visits for adolescents with diabetes successful, it is important for health care professionals to meet the adolescents’ needs and wishes. <strong>Aims:</strong> The aim is to investigate adolescents’ expectations of an outpatient diabetes clinic visit in comparison to what was deemed to be delivered and contrast this outcome in adolescents with self-reported high- and low-diabetes distress respectively. <strong>Methods:</strong> All adolescents in Sweden with type 1 diabetes, aged 15 to 18 years, were identified via The National Pediatric Diabetes Registry (SWEDIABKIDS) and asked to complete an online questionnaire regarding their expectations and the support received during the outpatient diabetes clinic visit. <strong>Results:</strong> 453 adolescents completed the survey. Boys’ expectations of discussion topics were mainly met while girls, especially those with diabetes distress, felt their discussion needs were not met regarding quality-of-life aspects. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Although adolescents’ expectations are in general met during the diabetes outpatient clinic visit, aspects related to living with diabetes are not being met especially among female adolescents who reported diabetes distress. This study shows a gender difference both regarding expected discussion topics and what was deemed covered. <strong>Practice Implications:</strong> A multi-professional, individual person-centred care approach is needed at the diabetes outpatient clinic. This paper proposes that agenda setting performed by the adolescent, and agreed by the physician, prior to the outpatient clinic visit could facilitate individualized care and better meet the adolescents’ needs in a shared decision-making process.
基金funding provided by University of Gothenburgfunded by Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation(2017.0026)+4 种基金Fredrik Bäckhed,the Swedish Research Council(2019-01599)Fredrik Bäckhed,Transatlantic Networks of Excellence Award from the Leducq Foundation(17CVD01)Fredrik Bäckhed,Swedish Heart Lung Foundation(20210366)Fredrik Bäckhed,grants from the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils,the ALF-agreement(ALFGBG-718101)Fredrik Bäckhed is Wallenberg Scholar.
文摘The adult human gut microbiota consists of at least as many bacterial cells as our total number of somatic and germ cells(Sender et al.2016).Their collective genomes(microbiome)contain 2-3 order of magnitude more genes(Li et al.2014)and can accordingly complement our own human genome with functions we did not need to develop.The gut micro-biota was clearly demonstrated to protect and even treat Clostridioides difficile(earlier known as Clostridium dif-ficile)infections in humans(van Nood et al.2013).
