BACKGROUND Benign rectal strictures can be categorized as primary(disease-related)and secondary(surgical anastomosis-related).Secondary strictures arise from surgical complications,whereas primary strictures have dive...BACKGROUND Benign rectal strictures can be categorized as primary(disease-related)and secondary(surgical anastomosis-related).Secondary strictures arise from surgical complications,whereas primary strictures have diverse etiologies,including various inflammatory conditions.Benign strictures are usually managed by surgery and endoscopy.We present an unusual etiology of benign rectal stricture caused by the repeated insertion of foreign objects into the rectum for sexual purposes,resulting in rectal injury and subsequent chronic inflammation.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old man presented to the outpatient clinic of the Colorectal Surgery Department with symptoms of chronic constipation and bloody stools.The patient previously experienced rectal injury due to foreign object insertion for sexual purposes.Colonoscopy revealed benign circumferential narrowing of the rectum.He underwent treatment by endoscopic argon plasma coagulation and balloon dilation and follow-up as an outpatient for 4 months.A colonoscopy at the end of the follow-up period revealed no evidence of rectal stricture relapse.CONCLUSION A history of rectal injury,followed by chronic inflammation,should be considered in patients with benign rectal strictures.Management with endoscopic argon plasma coagulation and balloon dilation can prevent the need for surgical resection of benign rectal strictures.展开更多
Objective:Vertical right thoracotomy(VRAT)has become an alternative to sternotomy for the repair of non-complex congenital heart defects in our infants and children.Summary Background Data:Limited data exists on the c...Objective:Vertical right thoracotomy(VRAT)has become an alternative to sternotomy for the repair of non-complex congenital heart defects in our infants and children.Summary Background Data:Limited data exists on the comparison of the two approaches.Methods:The present study consisted of two groups;Group Ⅰ:(sternotomy;33 patients)and Group Ⅱ:(VRAT;35 patients).We compared the two groups on operative data,hours of invasive lines,narcotics used,length of stay,and total variable cost of stay.Results:The most frequent procedures were atrial and ventricular septal defect closure(25 patients,75.8%in Group Ⅰ)and(14 patients,40%in Group Ⅱ).The average age and weight were 33.43±53 months,and 14.7±16.9 kg for Group I,and 75.3±60.2 months and 24.9±18 kg for Group Ⅱ,respectively,(p<0.001).We found no differences in aortic cross-clamp/bypass times between groups(p=0.39 and 0.42,respectively).The use of narcotics was not significantly different between the two study groups(p=0.37)as was the total variable cost(p=0.115).Group Ⅱ had a lower time without invasive lines(p<0.001).In Group Ⅱ the total length of stay was significantly less as well(p<0.001).Conclusions:VRAT is a useful technique for repairing a wide range of heart defects and does not result in prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass or aortic cross-clamp times.Although total opioid use and total cost of stay are no different as with sternotomy,the shortened duration of invasive line use,and shorter length of stay make this approach worthy of consideration.展开更多
A new nanothermite system,composed of titanium and tungsten trioxide is reported.Initial investigations show that it has low-average sensitivity to mechanical stimuli(friction,impact),but that its sensitivity to laser...A new nanothermite system,composed of titanium and tungsten trioxide is reported.Initial investigations show that it has low-average sensitivity to mechanical stimuli(friction,impact),but that its sensitivity to laser irradiation can be controlled in a moderately wide range.The combustion of this nanothermite system takes place at a very high apparent temperature(>3695 K)and it follows the key predictions of the established reactive sintering mechanism,as supported by SEM-EDS and XRD analyses.展开更多
The present study is a systematic effort to investigate the structure-sensitive magnetic parameters of Ce^(3+) substituted Ba-Sr hexaferrite nanocrystals chemically formulated as Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Ce_(x)Fe_(12-x)O_(19) ...The present study is a systematic effort to investigate the structure-sensitive magnetic parameters of Ce^(3+) substituted Ba-Sr hexaferrite nanocrystals chemically formulated as Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Ce_(x)Fe_(12-x)O_(19) where x=0.0-0.2 with Δx=0.05.The hexaferrite powders were prepared using the sol-gel self-ignition route and structurally characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The creation of the M-type hexaferrite phase within the synthesized samples was revealed from the Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffractograms.The occurrence of a secondary phase of CeO_(2) was revealed within the hexaferrites for the substitution,x> 0.The refined X-ray diffraction data were utilized to compute the lattice parameters,X-ray density,and lattice parameter ratio.The crystal structure plotted from the refined XRD data reveals the occupancy of the ions at different lattice sites.The XPS data of the hexaferrite were analyzed to confirm the oxidation states of the constituent elements.The nanocrystalline nature of the hexaferrites was revealed from the crystallite sizes calculated using Scherer's formula.The analysis of FTIR spectra confirms that only a fraction of Ce^(3+)accommodated in the lattice and the remaining Ce content reside in the form of the CeO_(2) phase.The morphology of the hexaferrites was analyzed from the FESEM profiles of the ferrite samples.The magnetic behavior study was performed by analyzing the Curie temperature,hysteresis loops,and hyperfine interactions by means of susceptibility,V.S.M,and Mossbauer spectroscopy,respectively.The hexaferrites with increasing coercivity,decreasing saturation magnetization,and decreasing Curie temperature are reported in the study.The substituted Ce^(3+)ions inhibit the grain growth and create lattice imperfections giving rise to hexaferrites with tuned magnetic parameters suitable for different applications.展开更多
Hydropower development has become an important driver of habitat loss and fragmentation across lowland tropical forests.Despite ample evidence on the detrimental effects of insular habitat fragmentation on biodiversit...Hydropower development has become an important driver of habitat loss and fragmentation across lowland tropical forests.Despite ample evidence on the detrimental effects of insular habitat fragmentation on biodiversity,invertebrate taxa,that may be critical to ecosystem functioning,have been overlooked.We assessed the assemblage-level responses of social wasps to forest insularization induced by the Balbina Hydroelectric Dam in Central Brazilian Amazonia.Employing Malaise trapping,we captured wasps on 27 forest islands and three continuous forests.We constructed Generalized Linear Models and employed a model selection approach to examine the impact of local variables(fire severity(FIRE)and basal area of pioneer tree species(PIONEER))and landscape-scale variables(amount of habitat(COVER))on patterns of species richness,composition,and body size of wasps.A total of 374 individuals(29 species)were collected across all sampling sites.COVER was the main predictor of species richness,while PIONEER was the only variable that explained variation in community composition,with a negative effect on body size.Our results add evidence to the pervasive impacts of large hydroelectric dams on tropical forest biodiversity,and suggest that social wasps,among other invertebrates,can be used as bioindicators in infrastructure development projects.展开更多
We report a new facile light-induced strategy to disperse micron-sized aggregated bulk covalent organic frameworks(COFs)into isolated COFs nanoparticles.This was achieved by a series of metal-coordinated COFs,namely C...We report a new facile light-induced strategy to disperse micron-sized aggregated bulk covalent organic frameworks(COFs)into isolated COFs nanoparticles.This was achieved by a series of metal-coordinated COFs,namely COF-909-Cu,-Co or-Fe,where for the first time the diffusio-phoretic propulsion was utilized to design COF-based micro/nanomotors.The mechanism studies revealed that the metal ions decorated in the COF-909 backbone could promote the separation of electron and holes and trigger the production of sufficient ionic and reactive oxygen species under visible light irradiation.In this way,strong light-induced self-diffusiophoretic effect is achieved,resulting in good dispersion of COFs.Among them,COF-909-Fe showed the highest dispersion performance,along with a drastic decrease in particle size from 5μm to500 nm,within only 30 min light irradiation,which is inaccessible by using traditional magnetic stirring or ultrasonication methods.More importantly,benefiting from the outstanding dispersion efficiency,COF-909-Fe micro/nanomotors were demonstrated to be efficient in photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline,about 8 times faster than using traditional magnetic stirring method.This work opens up a new avenue to prepare isolated nanosized COFs in a high-fast,simple,and green manner.展开更多
Objective: To investigate patients' perception of service quality at hospitals in nine Chinese cities and propose some measures for improvement. Methods: The ServQ ual scale method was used in a survey involving p...Objective: To investigate patients' perception of service quality at hospitals in nine Chinese cities and propose some measures for improvement. Methods: The ServQ ual scale method was used in a survey involving patients at out-patient and in-patient facilities in Shanghai, Chongqing, Chengdu, Nanning, Guilin and Laibin of Guangxi, Honghezhou of Yunnan, Wulumuqi of Xinjiang and Zhongshan of Guangdong. The data collected were entered and analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, factor analyses, reliability analyses, product-moment correlations, independent-sample t-tests, One-way ANOVA and regression analyses. Results: The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value for the factor analysis of the scale was 0.979. The Cronbach's α for the reliability analysis was 0.978. All the Pearson correlation coei cients were positive and statistically signii cant. Visitors to out-patient facilities reported more positive perception tacilities on tangibles(t = 4.168, P(t = 1.979, P <han visitors to in-patient f 0.05). Patients of 60 years of age and above reported mor< 0.001) and reliability e positive perception th<an those between 40 and 49 on reliability(F = 3.311, P = 0.010), assurances(F = 2.751, P 0.05) and empathy(F = 4.009, P = 0.003). For the i ve dimensions of the scale, patients in Laibin, Guangxi reported the most positive perceived service quality, followed by patients in Shanghai. On the other hand, patients in Chongqing and Nanning and Guilin of Guangxi reported relatively poor perceptions of service quality. Standardized regression coei cients showed statistically significant(P < 0.001) positive values for all Serv Qual dimensions. Empathy(β = 0.267) and reliability(β uality. = 0.239) most strongly predicted perception of service qConclusions: Chinese patients perceived service quality as satisfactory. Hospitals in various regions of China should enhance their awareness and ability to serve their patients.展开更多
Objective:Bevacizumab has an important and evolving role in improving outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)worldwide and was approved in China in 2010.However,there are limited real-world data o...Objective:Bevacizumab has an important and evolving role in improving outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)worldwide and was approved in China in 2010.However,there are limited real-world data on the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy regimens combined with bevacizumab in Chinese patients with mCRC.This observational,phase IV trial study aimed to obtain more experience on the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in Chinese mCRC patients.Methods:Between September 2013 and November 2016,patients with histologically confirmed mCRC were enrolled in a prospective,multicenter,observational,non-interventional phase IV trial at 26 centers across China.Eligible patients received different chemotherapeutic regimens combined with bevacizumab.The efficacy and safety data in the intention-to-treat study population were analyzed.Results:A total of 611 patients were included in the efficacy analysis.The median overall survival and median progression-free survival was 18.00 and 10.05 months,respectively.The objective response rate was 21.00%and disease control rate was 89.40%.In subgroup analyses,the survival differences were observed according to metastatic status,duration of treatment and elevation in blood pressure.A total of 613 patients were evaluable for safety assessments.And 569(92.82%)patients reported at least one adverse event(AE),and 151(24.63%)experienced grade 3 or higher AEs.The incidence of bevacizumab-associated AEs of special interest was reported in 31(5.06%)patients with hypertension(n=12),abscesses and fistulae(n=7),bleeding(n=6),proteinuria(n=3),gastrointestinal perforation(n=2)and venous thrombotic events(n=1).Conclusions:This observational phase IV trial broadens our experience and knowledge of bevacizumab in the Chinese population and provides a good indication of its overall efficacy and safety.Bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy offers clinical benefits to Chinese patients with mCRC and has an acceptable and manageable safety profile.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether perinatal events, intrauterine or postpartum, are associated with the development of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) later in life. METHODS: Birth records from 97 patients with adult P...AIM: To investigate whether perinatal events, intrauterine or postpartum, are associated with the development of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) later in life. METHODS: Birth records from 97 patients with adult PSC in Sweden were reviewed. Information on perinatal events including medications and complications during pregnancy, gestation length, birth weight and length were collected. Two control children of the same sex were selected for each subject. Conditional multiple logistic regression was used to assess associations of the perinatal measures with development of PSC. RESULTS: No significant associations were found between gestational age, birth length, breastfeeding, and the majority of medical complications including infections or medication during pregnancy for the mothers or postpartum for the children. Vaginal bleeding and peripheral oedema showed associations with PSC, with matched odds ratios of 5.70 (95% CI, 1.13-28.83) and 2.28 (95% CI, 1.04-5.03), respectively. CONCLUSION: The associations of vaginal bleeding and oedema with subsequent PSC cannot readily beexplained, so our fi ndings do not strongly support the hypothesis of a signifi cant role of perinatal events as a risk for the development of PSC later in life.展开更多
Objective:This study is to investigate the nisk factors of femoral head contracture after total hip arthroplasty(THA)in patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head.Methods:Retrospective analysis was perfomed in 3...Objective:This study is to investigate the nisk factors of femoral head contracture after total hip arthroplasty(THA)in patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head.Methods:Retrospective analysis was perfomed in 361 cases of femoral head necrosis patients taking THA fom September 2016 to December 2017.A total of 179 patents with no significant preoperative adductor muscle contraction were finally enrolled in this study.These 179 patients were further divided into two groups:contracture group(64 cases)and noncompaction group(115 cases).The chi-square test was used to compare the differences between the two groups.Risk factors were identifed by logistic regession analysis.Results:of the patients included,64 patients (35.75%)developed into end adductor muscle contracture.There were signuificant differences in limb shortening.surgical history,whether taction,surgical approach,surgical methods,and fumctional training between the two goups(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that shortness of extremity,sugical approach,effective taction,surgical history,and etiology were the factors affecting femoral head contracture after THA in patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head.Conclusions:Preoperative traction therapy,surgical methods,and postoperative functional training are the factors that affect the adductor muscle contraction after THA.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ileostomies are commonly performed after colon and rectal surgeries.Laparoscopy-assisted ileostomy with adhesion lysis may have potential benefits over conventional open surgery.AIM To compare the outcomes ...BACKGROUND Ileostomies are commonly performed after colon and rectal surgeries.Laparoscopy-assisted ileostomy with adhesion lysis may have potential benefits over conventional open surgery.AIM To compare the outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted and conventional ileostomies.METHODS Data from 48 consecutive patients who underwent ileostomy at our institution between May 2021 and May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The groups comprised 26 and 22 patients who underwent laparoscopic ileostomy(laparoscopic group)and conventional ileostomy(conventional group),respectively,performed by a single surgeon.Patient demographics,operative characteristics,postoperative outcomes,and 30-d morbidities and mortality rates were analyzed.RESULTS The two groups had comparable mean ages,sex distributions,American Society of Anesthesiologists scores,and body mass indices.However,the laparoscopic group showed similar operative time,better visualization for adhesion lysis,and lower visual analog scale scores than the conventional group.CONCLUSION Laparoscopy-assisted ileostomy is a safe and efficient method that produces lower visual analog scale scores,better intraoperative visualization for effective adhesion lysis,and similar operative time compared with conventional ileostomy.展开更多
Introduction: Oral health management is often difficult in patients after surgical tumor resection and/or radiotherapy due to defects, bulky flaps, limitation of tongue movement, and trismus. In addition, patients who...Introduction: Oral health management is often difficult in patients after surgical tumor resection and/or radiotherapy due to defects, bulky flaps, limitation of tongue movement, and trismus. In addition, patients who have undergone radiotherapy have serious disabilities such as oral mucositis, mucosal weakening, soft tissue fibrosis, salivary gland disorder, and osteoradionecrosis. Dental hygienists must understand the characteristics of patients after surgical tumor resection and/or radiotherapy. In this report, the oral health management of three patients after maxillectomy, mandibulectomy, and radiotherapy was shown. Case Description: Case 1: A 53-year-old male patient visited our clinic after chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and partial maxillectomy for cancer of the right maxillary gingiva. Case 2: A 65-year-old male patient visited our clinic after radiotherapy for a right-sided tongue cancer, partial mandibulectomy of the right tongue to the oropharynx, a right-sided segmental mandibulectomy and a speech aid and a mandibular prosthesis were provided. Case 3: A 36-year-old female visited our clinic for radiotherapy for left-sided tongue cancer. Dental hygienists provided oral health management to the patients. In oral health management, it was suggested that intervention before cancer treatment, oral hygiene instructions tailored to patients’ symptoms, and frequent professional care are important. Conclusion: Oral health management by dental hygienists is extremely important for patients undergoing maxillofacial cancer treatment to maintain their quality of life in the long term.展开更多
The upland agricultural soils in North China are distributed north of a line between the Kunlun Mountains, the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River. They occur in arid, semi-arid and semi-humid regions and crop prod...The upland agricultural soils in North China are distributed north of a line between the Kunlun Mountains, the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River. They occur in arid, semi-arid and semi-humid regions and crop production often depends on rain-fed or irrigation to supplement rainfall. This paper summarizes the characteristics of gross nitrogen（N） transformation, the fate of N fertilizer and soil N as well as the N loss pathway, and makes suggestions for proper N management in the region. The soils of the region are characterized by strong N mineralization and nitrification, and weak immobilization and denitrification ability, which lead to the production and accumulation of nitrate in the soil profile. Large amounts of accumulated nitrate have been observed in the vadose-zone in soils due to excess N fertilization in the past three decades, and this nitrate is subject to occasional leaching which leads to groundwater nitrate contamination. Under farmer＇s conventional high N fertilization practice in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system（N application rate was approximately 600 kg ha–1 yr–1）, crop N uptake, soil residual N, NH_3 volatilization, NO_3~– leaching, and denitrification loss accounted for around 27, 30, 23, 18 and 2% of the applied fertilizer N, respectively. NH_3 volatilization and NO_3~– leaching were the most important N loss pathways while soil residual N was an important fate of N fertilizer for replenishing soil N depletion from crop production. The upland agricultural soils in North China are a large source of N_2O and total emissions in this region make up a large proportion（approximately 54%） of Chinese cropland N_2O emissions. The “non-coupled strong ammonia oxidation” process is an important mechanism of N_2O production. Slowing down ammonia oxidation after ammonium-N fertilizer or urea application and avoiding transient high soil NH4＋ concentrations are key measures for reducing N_2O emissions in this region. Further N management should aim to minimize N losses from crop and livestock production, and increase the recycling of manure and straw back to cropland. We also recommend adoption of the 4 R（Right soure, Right rate, Right time, Right place） fertilization techniques to realize proper N fertilizer management, and improving application methods or modifying fertilizer types to reduce NH_3 volatilization, improving water management to reduce NO_3~– leaching, and controlling the strong ammonia oxidation process to abate N_2O emission. Future research should focus on the study of the trade-off effects among different N loss pathways under different N application methods or fertilizer products.展开更多
The shell side flow fields of both sextant and trisection helical baffle heat exchangers are presented on meridian and multilayer hexagon slices.It verifies that the performance of sextant schemes is better than those...The shell side flow fields of both sextant and trisection helical baffle heat exchangers are presented on meridian and multilayer hexagon slices.It verifies that the performance of sextant schemes is better than those of the other kinds of helical baffle heat exchangers.The main mechanisms are due to the restricted leakage flow in the minimized gaps with increased baffle number and by one row of tubes dampen the leakage flow in the circumferential overlapped area of the adjacent helical baffles.The performance features were simulated on two different angled sextant helical heat exchangers and each compared with two trisection ones of either identical helical pitch or identical incline angle.The results verified that the performances of helical heat exchangers are mainly determined by the helical pitch rather than the baffle incline angle.The average values of comprehensive index hoΔpo-1/3 of the trisection helical schemes T-24.1°and T-29.7°are correspondingly 3.47%and 3.34%lower than those of the sextant ones X-20°and X-25°with identical helical pitches.The comparison results show that the average values of shell side h.t.c.hoand comprehensive index hoΔpo-1/3 of the optimal dual helix sextant scheme DX30°are respectively 7.22%and 23.56%higher than those of the segment scheme S100.展开更多
Constructing heterojunction between two semiconductors with matched energy band structure is an effective modification method to obtain excellent photocatalysts.The experimental scheme adopts a simple solvent method t...Constructing heterojunction between two semiconductors with matched energy band structure is an effective modification method to obtain excellent photocatalysts.The experimental scheme adopts a simple solvent method to self-assemble nitrogen doped carbon dots(N-CDs)on the surface of sulfur doped carbon nitride(S-C_(3)N_(4))semiconductor throughπ-πconjugate interaction.Based on this,a novel 0D/2D S-scheme heterojunction N-CDs/S-C_(3)N_(4)hybrid was successfully prepared.The degradation kinetic constants of N-CDs/S-C_(3)N_(4)for rhodamine B(RhB)and p-nitrophenol(PNP)reached 0.23522 and 0.01342 min^(−1),repectively,which were 2.72 and 2.65 times that of S-C_(3)N_(4).The highest photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate was observed under the simulated sunlight irradiation,which was 2.30 times that of S-C_(3)N_(4).The improvement of photocatalytic performance was mainly based on the formation of the S-scheme heterojunction between S-C_(3)N_(4)and N-CDs.The effects of internal electric field,π-πconjugate interaction and band bending promoted the photogenerated h^(+)and e^(−) with low redox ability to recombine and retained the beneficial h+and e−with strong redox ability,which contributed to the production of more active species of h^(+) and•O_(2)−,therefore the photocatalytic degradation and hydrogen evolution performance were significantly enhanced.展开更多
Background:Flammability is a compound plant trait that can vary significantly across natural populations within species.Investigating intraspecific variation in flammability provides insights into the evolution of pla...Background:Flammability is a compound plant trait that can vary significantly across natural populations within species.Investigating intraspecific variation in flammability provides insights into the evolution of plant flam-mability and inform understanding of wildfire risk and behaviour in different habitats.Methods:We measured four flammability variables,representing ignitibility(time to ignition),sustainability(total burning time),combustibility(maximum temperature during burning)and consumability(percentage of biomass consumed by fire)to assess the shoot-level flammability of Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium(G.Forst.)(Ericaceae),a polymorphic endemic species distributed throughout New Zealand.We examined the relationship between flammability components and a suite of climatic and geographic variables(elevation,latitude,mean annual temperature(MAT),mean annual rainfall(MAR)of the sample locations,etc.).Results:We measured shoot-level flammability components of 62 individuals across eight populations.Burning time,maximum temperature and burnt biomass were positively correlated with each other,while ignition score was independent of other flammability components.All flammability components varied significantly across the eight populations.The habitat conditions we considered were not related to any of the shoot-level flammability components of D.rosmarinifolium.Conclusions:Intraspecific variation in flammability in D.rosmarinifolium may be a byproduct of selection on other functional traits,such as leaf size,shoot lipid content,indicating that plant flammability is an incidental result,rather than selected for,at least in ecosystems without fire as a selective force.展开更多
AIM: To determine the mechanical properties of anasto- motic colonic tissue in experimental settings and there- fore give a measure of wound healing. METHODS: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were used as ex- perimental mo...AIM: To determine the mechanical properties of anasto- motic colonic tissue in experimental settings and there- fore give a measure of wound healing. METHODS: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were used as ex- perimental models of anastomotic tissue integrity. On the 5th post-operative day, the tensile strength was measured by application of an axial force, providing a quantitative measure of anastomotic dehiscence and leakage. RESULTS: Diagrams of the load as a function of the time [P = P (t)] and of the displacement also as a func- tion of time [Δs = Δs (t)] were recorded for each test, permitting the design of the load versus the displace- ment diagram and thus providing significant data about the critical values of anastomotic failure. Quantitative data were obtained concerning the anastomotic strength of both control specimens (healthy rats), as well as spec- imens from non-healthy rats for comparison. CONCLUSION: This experimental model provides an excellent method of measuring anastomotic strength. Despite the relative small number of specimens used, this method provides an accurate way of measuring wound repair. More experimental measurements need to be performed to correlate emerging tensile strength val-ues to anastomotic failure.展开更多
Traumatic digestive perforation is the pathological opening of the wall of a hollow organ of the digestive tract (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and extrahepatic bile ducts) following tr...Traumatic digestive perforation is the pathological opening of the wall of a hollow organ of the digestive tract (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and extrahepatic bile ducts) following trauma. Injuries to the digestive viscera, especially from trauma, have been known since antiquity. Aristotle recognized that a slight blow can cause an intestinal injury. Perforation of a hollow organ of the digestive sphere results in peritonitis, which in this case is the consequence of an infection of the peritoneal cavity by spreading of the digestive contents. The aim of the work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of traumatic digestive perforation. Patients and method: The study was retrospective and descriptive from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020, in the general surgery department of the hospital of Sikasso (Mali). Patients operated for traumatic digestive perforation were included. Results: The clinical records of 42 patients were collected. Traumatic digestive perforations represented 12.3% of patients hospitalized for abdominal trauma. The average age of the patients was 26.6 years, with a sex ratio of 6:1. The most frequent etiology was road traffic accidents with 38% of patients. The average delay of consultation was 5 days. Abdominal pain was present in 38 patients, vomiting in 17 patients. On physical examination, the most frequent signs were abdominal contracture in 61.9% of patients, and disappearance of pre-hepatic dullness in 54.7% of patients. On rectal examination, the douglas was bulging and painful in 21 patients. X-ray of the abdomen without preparation showed pneumoperitoneum in 54.1% of patients. Excision, suture and peritoneal lavage were performed in 31 patients. The postoperative course was marked by parietal suppurations in 5 patients, a digestive fistula in 2 patients and 4 cases of death (9.5%). Conclusion: Traumatic digestive perforation is a frequent pathology in surgery. Road accident was the main cause. The treatment is essentially surgical.展开更多
Bacteria-infected wounds healing has been greatly hindered by antibiotic resistance and persistent inflammation.It is crucial to develop multifunctional nanocomposites that possess effective antibacterial properties a...Bacteria-infected wounds healing has been greatly hindered by antibiotic resistance and persistent inflammation.It is crucial to develop multifunctional nanocomposites that possess effective antibacterial properties and can simultaneously accelerate the wound healing process to overcome the above challenges.Herein,we prepared a yolk–shell structured Ag nanowires(NWs)@amorphous hollow ZIF-67 by etching ZIF-67 onto the Ag NWs for infected wound healing for the first time.The etched hollow structure of amorphous ZIF-67 in the nanocomposite makes it a promising platform for loading healingpromoting drugs.We extensively studied the antibacterial and healing-promoting properties of the curcumin(CCM)-loaded nanocomposite(Ag NWs@C-HZ67).Ag NWs,being noble metal materials with plasmonic effects,can absorb a broad range of natural light and convert it to thermal energy.This photothermal conversion further improves the release of antibacterial components and wound healing drugs when exposed to light.During the healing process of an infected wound,Ag and Co ions were released from Ag NWs@C-HZ67 upon direct contact with the wound exudate and under the influence of light irradiation.Simultaneously,the loaded CCM leaked out to repair the infected wound.The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the Ag NWs@C-HZ67 groups against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria decreased to 3 and 3μg ml−1 when exposed to white light.Furthermore,an in vivo assessment of infected wound healing demonstrated that combining Ag NWs@C-HZ67 with light significantly accelerated the wound healing process,achieving 70%healing by the 6th day and almost complete healing by the 8th day.This advanced nanocomposite,consisting of components that possess antibacterial and growth-promoting properties,offers a safe,effective and clinically-translatable solution for accelerating the healing process of infected wounds.展开更多
Ocular trauma is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness worldwide,significantly affecting quality of life[1].Each year,an estimated 55 million ocular injuries occur worldwide,with nearly 19 million resulti...Ocular trauma is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness worldwide,significantly affecting quality of life[1].Each year,an estimated 55 million ocular injuries occur worldwide,with nearly 19 million resulting in vision loss or blindness and approximately 750,000 requiring hospitalization[2,3].展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Benign rectal strictures can be categorized as primary(disease-related)and secondary(surgical anastomosis-related).Secondary strictures arise from surgical complications,whereas primary strictures have diverse etiologies,including various inflammatory conditions.Benign strictures are usually managed by surgery and endoscopy.We present an unusual etiology of benign rectal stricture caused by the repeated insertion of foreign objects into the rectum for sexual purposes,resulting in rectal injury and subsequent chronic inflammation.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old man presented to the outpatient clinic of the Colorectal Surgery Department with symptoms of chronic constipation and bloody stools.The patient previously experienced rectal injury due to foreign object insertion for sexual purposes.Colonoscopy revealed benign circumferential narrowing of the rectum.He underwent treatment by endoscopic argon plasma coagulation and balloon dilation and follow-up as an outpatient for 4 months.A colonoscopy at the end of the follow-up period revealed no evidence of rectal stricture relapse.CONCLUSION A history of rectal injury,followed by chronic inflammation,should be considered in patients with benign rectal strictures.Management with endoscopic argon plasma coagulation and balloon dilation can prevent the need for surgical resection of benign rectal strictures.
文摘Objective:Vertical right thoracotomy(VRAT)has become an alternative to sternotomy for the repair of non-complex congenital heart defects in our infants and children.Summary Background Data:Limited data exists on the comparison of the two approaches.Methods:The present study consisted of two groups;Group Ⅰ:(sternotomy;33 patients)and Group Ⅱ:(VRAT;35 patients).We compared the two groups on operative data,hours of invasive lines,narcotics used,length of stay,and total variable cost of stay.Results:The most frequent procedures were atrial and ventricular septal defect closure(25 patients,75.8%in Group Ⅰ)and(14 patients,40%in Group Ⅱ).The average age and weight were 33.43±53 months,and 14.7±16.9 kg for Group I,and 75.3±60.2 months and 24.9±18 kg for Group Ⅱ,respectively,(p<0.001).We found no differences in aortic cross-clamp/bypass times between groups(p=0.39 and 0.42,respectively).The use of narcotics was not significantly different between the two study groups(p=0.37)as was the total variable cost(p=0.115).Group Ⅱ had a lower time without invasive lines(p<0.001).In Group Ⅱ the total length of stay was significantly less as well(p<0.001).Conclusions:VRAT is a useful technique for repairing a wide range of heart defects and does not result in prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass or aortic cross-clamp times.Although total opioid use and total cost of stay are no different as with sternotomy,the shortened duration of invasive line use,and shorter length of stay make this approach worthy of consideration.
基金the scientific and innovative merit Grant No.04/040/RGJ24/0275 of the Rector of the Silesian University of Technologythe scientific and innovative merit grant no.04/040/RGJ24/0278 of the Rector of the Silesian University of Technologythe support of the MERA.NET 3 Room temperature hydrogen sensors based on polycarbazole and its derivatives,"Hydro Sens"project(Grant No.9150,M-ERA.NET3/2021/93/HYDROSENS/2022。
文摘A new nanothermite system,composed of titanium and tungsten trioxide is reported.Initial investigations show that it has low-average sensitivity to mechanical stimuli(friction,impact),but that its sensitivity to laser irradiation can be controlled in a moderately wide range.The combustion of this nanothermite system takes place at a very high apparent temperature(>3695 K)and it follows the key predictions of the established reactive sintering mechanism,as supported by SEM-EDS and XRD analyses.
文摘The present study is a systematic effort to investigate the structure-sensitive magnetic parameters of Ce^(3+) substituted Ba-Sr hexaferrite nanocrystals chemically formulated as Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Ce_(x)Fe_(12-x)O_(19) where x=0.0-0.2 with Δx=0.05.The hexaferrite powders were prepared using the sol-gel self-ignition route and structurally characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The creation of the M-type hexaferrite phase within the synthesized samples was revealed from the Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffractograms.The occurrence of a secondary phase of CeO_(2) was revealed within the hexaferrites for the substitution,x> 0.The refined X-ray diffraction data were utilized to compute the lattice parameters,X-ray density,and lattice parameter ratio.The crystal structure plotted from the refined XRD data reveals the occupancy of the ions at different lattice sites.The XPS data of the hexaferrite were analyzed to confirm the oxidation states of the constituent elements.The nanocrystalline nature of the hexaferrites was revealed from the crystallite sizes calculated using Scherer's formula.The analysis of FTIR spectra confirms that only a fraction of Ce^(3+)accommodated in the lattice and the remaining Ce content reside in the form of the CeO_(2) phase.The morphology of the hexaferrites was analyzed from the FESEM profiles of the ferrite samples.The magnetic behavior study was performed by analyzing the Curie temperature,hysteresis loops,and hyperfine interactions by means of susceptibility,V.S.M,and Mossbauer spectroscopy,respectively.The hexaferrites with increasing coercivity,decreasing saturation magnetization,and decreasing Curie temperature are reported in the study.The substituted Ce^(3+)ions inhibit the grain growth and create lattice imperfections giving rise to hexaferrites with tuned magnetic parameters suitable for different applications.
基金supported by a NERC grant to C.A.P.(NE/J01401X/1)a Science Without Borders postdoctoral fellowship awarded to D.S.(CNPq grant 246975/2012-1)+1 种基金M.B.received a productivity grant from CNPq(304189/2022-7)supported by the inaugural Frontiers Planet Prize。
文摘Hydropower development has become an important driver of habitat loss and fragmentation across lowland tropical forests.Despite ample evidence on the detrimental effects of insular habitat fragmentation on biodiversity,invertebrate taxa,that may be critical to ecosystem functioning,have been overlooked.We assessed the assemblage-level responses of social wasps to forest insularization induced by the Balbina Hydroelectric Dam in Central Brazilian Amazonia.Employing Malaise trapping,we captured wasps on 27 forest islands and three continuous forests.We constructed Generalized Linear Models and employed a model selection approach to examine the impact of local variables(fire severity(FIRE)and basal area of pioneer tree species(PIONEER))and landscape-scale variables(amount of habitat(COVER))on patterns of species richness,composition,and body size of wasps.A total of 374 individuals(29 species)were collected across all sampling sites.COVER was the main predictor of species richness,while PIONEER was the only variable that explained variation in community composition,with a negative effect on body size.Our results add evidence to the pervasive impacts of large hydroelectric dams on tropical forest biodiversity,and suggest that social wasps,among other invertebrates,can be used as bioindicators in infrastructure development projects.
基金supported by Huazhong University of Science and Technology(No.2021XXJS036,3004013134)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51903099,82002879,22102059)+2 种基金the Innovation and Talent Recruitment Base of New Energy Chemistry and Device(No.B21003)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M692475,2021T140524,XJ2021037)support from the 100 Talents Program of the Hubei Provincial Government。
文摘We report a new facile light-induced strategy to disperse micron-sized aggregated bulk covalent organic frameworks(COFs)into isolated COFs nanoparticles.This was achieved by a series of metal-coordinated COFs,namely COF-909-Cu,-Co or-Fe,where for the first time the diffusio-phoretic propulsion was utilized to design COF-based micro/nanomotors.The mechanism studies revealed that the metal ions decorated in the COF-909 backbone could promote the separation of electron and holes and trigger the production of sufficient ionic and reactive oxygen species under visible light irradiation.In this way,strong light-induced self-diffusiophoretic effect is achieved,resulting in good dispersion of COFs.Among them,COF-909-Fe showed the highest dispersion performance,along with a drastic decrease in particle size from 5μm to500 nm,within only 30 min light irradiation,which is inaccessible by using traditional magnetic stirring or ultrasonication methods.More importantly,benefiting from the outstanding dispersion efficiency,COF-909-Fe micro/nanomotors were demonstrated to be efficient in photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline,about 8 times faster than using traditional magnetic stirring method.This work opens up a new avenue to prepare isolated nanosized COFs in a high-fast,simple,and green manner.
基金Supported by the 12th Five-Year Infectious Disease Research Project:the Use and Optimization of the Standard Regimen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS Patients in China(No.2012ZX10001-003)the 12th Five-Year Major Science and Technology Project on Discovery of Major New Drugs:Construction of a Technology Platform for Clinical Evaluation of AntiHIV Drugs(No.2012ZX09303013)+2 种基金the National 863 Project"Study the Key Technology of Personnel Protection and Lab Tracking of pathogenic microorganism"(2014AA021403)the year 2014 Key research project of the party of the education and health of Shanghai(201420)Scientific research in hospital construction project of Chinese Medical Doctor Assoclation
文摘Objective: To investigate patients' perception of service quality at hospitals in nine Chinese cities and propose some measures for improvement. Methods: The ServQ ual scale method was used in a survey involving patients at out-patient and in-patient facilities in Shanghai, Chongqing, Chengdu, Nanning, Guilin and Laibin of Guangxi, Honghezhou of Yunnan, Wulumuqi of Xinjiang and Zhongshan of Guangdong. The data collected were entered and analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, factor analyses, reliability analyses, product-moment correlations, independent-sample t-tests, One-way ANOVA and regression analyses. Results: The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value for the factor analysis of the scale was 0.979. The Cronbach's α for the reliability analysis was 0.978. All the Pearson correlation coei cients were positive and statistically signii cant. Visitors to out-patient facilities reported more positive perception tacilities on tangibles(t = 4.168, P(t = 1.979, P <han visitors to in-patient f 0.05). Patients of 60 years of age and above reported mor< 0.001) and reliability e positive perception th<an those between 40 and 49 on reliability(F = 3.311, P = 0.010), assurances(F = 2.751, P 0.05) and empathy(F = 4.009, P = 0.003). For the i ve dimensions of the scale, patients in Laibin, Guangxi reported the most positive perceived service quality, followed by patients in Shanghai. On the other hand, patients in Chongqing and Nanning and Guilin of Guangxi reported relatively poor perceptions of service quality. Standardized regression coei cients showed statistically significant(P < 0.001) positive values for all Serv Qual dimensions. Empathy(β = 0.267) and reliability(β uality. = 0.239) most strongly predicted perception of service qConclusions: Chinese patients perceived service quality as satisfactory. Hospitals in various regions of China should enhance their awareness and ability to serve their patients.
文摘Objective:Bevacizumab has an important and evolving role in improving outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)worldwide and was approved in China in 2010.However,there are limited real-world data on the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy regimens combined with bevacizumab in Chinese patients with mCRC.This observational,phase IV trial study aimed to obtain more experience on the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in Chinese mCRC patients.Methods:Between September 2013 and November 2016,patients with histologically confirmed mCRC were enrolled in a prospective,multicenter,observational,non-interventional phase IV trial at 26 centers across China.Eligible patients received different chemotherapeutic regimens combined with bevacizumab.The efficacy and safety data in the intention-to-treat study population were analyzed.Results:A total of 611 patients were included in the efficacy analysis.The median overall survival and median progression-free survival was 18.00 and 10.05 months,respectively.The objective response rate was 21.00%and disease control rate was 89.40%.In subgroup analyses,the survival differences were observed according to metastatic status,duration of treatment and elevation in blood pressure.A total of 613 patients were evaluable for safety assessments.And 569(92.82%)patients reported at least one adverse event(AE),and 151(24.63%)experienced grade 3 or higher AEs.The incidence of bevacizumab-associated AEs of special interest was reported in 31(5.06%)patients with hypertension(n=12),abscesses and fistulae(n=7),bleeding(n=6),proteinuria(n=3),gastrointestinal perforation(n=2)and venous thrombotic events(n=1).Conclusions:This observational phase IV trial broadens our experience and knowledge of bevacizumab in the Chinese population and provides a good indication of its overall efficacy and safety.Bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy offers clinical benefits to Chinese patients with mCRC and has an acceptable and manageable safety profile.
文摘AIM: To investigate whether perinatal events, intrauterine or postpartum, are associated with the development of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) later in life. METHODS: Birth records from 97 patients with adult PSC in Sweden were reviewed. Information on perinatal events including medications and complications during pregnancy, gestation length, birth weight and length were collected. Two control children of the same sex were selected for each subject. Conditional multiple logistic regression was used to assess associations of the perinatal measures with development of PSC. RESULTS: No significant associations were found between gestational age, birth length, breastfeeding, and the majority of medical complications including infections or medication during pregnancy for the mothers or postpartum for the children. Vaginal bleeding and peripheral oedema showed associations with PSC, with matched odds ratios of 5.70 (95% CI, 1.13-28.83) and 2.28 (95% CI, 1.04-5.03), respectively. CONCLUSION: The associations of vaginal bleeding and oedema with subsequent PSC cannot readily beexplained, so our fi ndings do not strongly support the hypothesis of a signifi cant role of perinatal events as a risk for the development of PSC later in life.
基金This study is supported by Guangxi Zhuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Self-financing Research Projects.
文摘Objective:This study is to investigate the nisk factors of femoral head contracture after total hip arthroplasty(THA)in patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head.Methods:Retrospective analysis was perfomed in 361 cases of femoral head necrosis patients taking THA fom September 2016 to December 2017.A total of 179 patents with no significant preoperative adductor muscle contraction were finally enrolled in this study.These 179 patients were further divided into two groups:contracture group(64 cases)and noncompaction group(115 cases).The chi-square test was used to compare the differences between the two groups.Risk factors were identifed by logistic regession analysis.Results:of the patients included,64 patients (35.75%)developed into end adductor muscle contracture.There were signuificant differences in limb shortening.surgical history,whether taction,surgical approach,surgical methods,and fumctional training between the two goups(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that shortness of extremity,sugical approach,effective taction,surgical history,and etiology were the factors affecting femoral head contracture after THA in patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head.Conclusions:Preoperative traction therapy,surgical methods,and postoperative functional training are the factors that affect the adductor muscle contraction after THA.
文摘BACKGROUND Ileostomies are commonly performed after colon and rectal surgeries.Laparoscopy-assisted ileostomy with adhesion lysis may have potential benefits over conventional open surgery.AIM To compare the outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted and conventional ileostomies.METHODS Data from 48 consecutive patients who underwent ileostomy at our institution between May 2021 and May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The groups comprised 26 and 22 patients who underwent laparoscopic ileostomy(laparoscopic group)and conventional ileostomy(conventional group),respectively,performed by a single surgeon.Patient demographics,operative characteristics,postoperative outcomes,and 30-d morbidities and mortality rates were analyzed.RESULTS The two groups had comparable mean ages,sex distributions,American Society of Anesthesiologists scores,and body mass indices.However,the laparoscopic group showed similar operative time,better visualization for adhesion lysis,and lower visual analog scale scores than the conventional group.CONCLUSION Laparoscopy-assisted ileostomy is a safe and efficient method that produces lower visual analog scale scores,better intraoperative visualization for effective adhesion lysis,and similar operative time compared with conventional ileostomy.
文摘Introduction: Oral health management is often difficult in patients after surgical tumor resection and/or radiotherapy due to defects, bulky flaps, limitation of tongue movement, and trismus. In addition, patients who have undergone radiotherapy have serious disabilities such as oral mucositis, mucosal weakening, soft tissue fibrosis, salivary gland disorder, and osteoradionecrosis. Dental hygienists must understand the characteristics of patients after surgical tumor resection and/or radiotherapy. In this report, the oral health management of three patients after maxillectomy, mandibulectomy, and radiotherapy was shown. Case Description: Case 1: A 53-year-old male patient visited our clinic after chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and partial maxillectomy for cancer of the right maxillary gingiva. Case 2: A 65-year-old male patient visited our clinic after radiotherapy for a right-sided tongue cancer, partial mandibulectomy of the right tongue to the oropharynx, a right-sided segmental mandibulectomy and a speech aid and a mandibular prosthesis were provided. Case 3: A 36-year-old female visited our clinic for radiotherapy for left-sided tongue cancer. Dental hygienists provided oral health management to the patients. In oral health management, it was suggested that intervention before cancer treatment, oral hygiene instructions tailored to patients’ symptoms, and frequent professional care are important. Conclusion: Oral health management by dental hygienists is extremely important for patients undergoing maxillofacial cancer treatment to maintain their quality of life in the long term.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41471190)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0800102)+2 种基金the Special Fund for the Agricultural Public Welfare Profession of China (201503106)the Newton Fund, United Kingdom (BB/N013484/1)the GEF on the ‘Towards INMS’
文摘The upland agricultural soils in North China are distributed north of a line between the Kunlun Mountains, the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River. They occur in arid, semi-arid and semi-humid regions and crop production often depends on rain-fed or irrigation to supplement rainfall. This paper summarizes the characteristics of gross nitrogen（N） transformation, the fate of N fertilizer and soil N as well as the N loss pathway, and makes suggestions for proper N management in the region. The soils of the region are characterized by strong N mineralization and nitrification, and weak immobilization and denitrification ability, which lead to the production and accumulation of nitrate in the soil profile. Large amounts of accumulated nitrate have been observed in the vadose-zone in soils due to excess N fertilization in the past three decades, and this nitrate is subject to occasional leaching which leads to groundwater nitrate contamination. Under farmer＇s conventional high N fertilization practice in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system（N application rate was approximately 600 kg ha–1 yr–1）, crop N uptake, soil residual N, NH_3 volatilization, NO_3~– leaching, and denitrification loss accounted for around 27, 30, 23, 18 and 2% of the applied fertilizer N, respectively. NH_3 volatilization and NO_3~– leaching were the most important N loss pathways while soil residual N was an important fate of N fertilizer for replenishing soil N depletion from crop production. The upland agricultural soils in North China are a large source of N_2O and total emissions in this region make up a large proportion（approximately 54%） of Chinese cropland N_2O emissions. The “non-coupled strong ammonia oxidation” process is an important mechanism of N_2O production. Slowing down ammonia oxidation after ammonium-N fertilizer or urea application and avoiding transient high soil NH4＋ concentrations are key measures for reducing N_2O emissions in this region. Further N management should aim to minimize N losses from crop and livestock production, and increase the recycling of manure and straw back to cropland. We also recommend adoption of the 4 R（Right soure, Right rate, Right time, Right place） fertilization techniques to realize proper N fertilizer management, and improving application methods or modifying fertilizer types to reduce NH_3 volatilization, improving water management to reduce NO_3~– leaching, and controlling the strong ammonia oxidation process to abate N_2O emission. Future research should focus on the study of the trade-off effects among different N loss pathways under different N application methods or fertilizer products.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51776035).
文摘The shell side flow fields of both sextant and trisection helical baffle heat exchangers are presented on meridian and multilayer hexagon slices.It verifies that the performance of sextant schemes is better than those of the other kinds of helical baffle heat exchangers.The main mechanisms are due to the restricted leakage flow in the minimized gaps with increased baffle number and by one row of tubes dampen the leakage flow in the circumferential overlapped area of the adjacent helical baffles.The performance features were simulated on two different angled sextant helical heat exchangers and each compared with two trisection ones of either identical helical pitch or identical incline angle.The results verified that the performances of helical heat exchangers are mainly determined by the helical pitch rather than the baffle incline angle.The average values of comprehensive index hoΔpo-1/3 of the trisection helical schemes T-24.1°and T-29.7°are correspondingly 3.47%and 3.34%lower than those of the sextant ones X-20°and X-25°with identical helical pitches.The comparison results show that the average values of shell side h.t.c.hoand comprehensive index hoΔpo-1/3 of the optimal dual helix sextant scheme DX30°are respectively 7.22%and 23.56%higher than those of the segment scheme S100.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51962023, 51772139)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province, China (No. 20192ACBL21047, 20212BAB204045)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle (Nanchang Hangkong University) (No. ES202002077)the 2019 Project of Liaoning Education Department (No. 2019LNJC20)
文摘Constructing heterojunction between two semiconductors with matched energy band structure is an effective modification method to obtain excellent photocatalysts.The experimental scheme adopts a simple solvent method to self-assemble nitrogen doped carbon dots(N-CDs)on the surface of sulfur doped carbon nitride(S-C_(3)N_(4))semiconductor throughπ-πconjugate interaction.Based on this,a novel 0D/2D S-scheme heterojunction N-CDs/S-C_(3)N_(4)hybrid was successfully prepared.The degradation kinetic constants of N-CDs/S-C_(3)N_(4)for rhodamine B(RhB)and p-nitrophenol(PNP)reached 0.23522 and 0.01342 min^(−1),repectively,which were 2.72 and 2.65 times that of S-C_(3)N_(4).The highest photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate was observed under the simulated sunlight irradiation,which was 2.30 times that of S-C_(3)N_(4).The improvement of photocatalytic performance was mainly based on the formation of the S-scheme heterojunction between S-C_(3)N_(4)and N-CDs.The effects of internal electric field,π-πconjugate interaction and band bending promoted the photogenerated h^(+)and e^(−) with low redox ability to recombine and retained the beneficial h+and e−with strong redox ability,which contributed to the production of more active species of h^(+) and•O_(2)−,therefore the photocatalytic degradation and hydrogen evolution performance were significantly enhanced.
基金This work was supported by Lincoln University faculty funding(NO.3601-AGLS-45401-1128912).
文摘Background:Flammability is a compound plant trait that can vary significantly across natural populations within species.Investigating intraspecific variation in flammability provides insights into the evolution of plant flam-mability and inform understanding of wildfire risk and behaviour in different habitats.Methods:We measured four flammability variables,representing ignitibility(time to ignition),sustainability(total burning time),combustibility(maximum temperature during burning)and consumability(percentage of biomass consumed by fire)to assess the shoot-level flammability of Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium(G.Forst.)(Ericaceae),a polymorphic endemic species distributed throughout New Zealand.We examined the relationship between flammability components and a suite of climatic and geographic variables(elevation,latitude,mean annual temperature(MAT),mean annual rainfall(MAR)of the sample locations,etc.).Results:We measured shoot-level flammability components of 62 individuals across eight populations.Burning time,maximum temperature and burnt biomass were positively correlated with each other,while ignition score was independent of other flammability components.All flammability components varied significantly across the eight populations.The habitat conditions we considered were not related to any of the shoot-level flammability components of D.rosmarinifolium.Conclusions:Intraspecific variation in flammability in D.rosmarinifolium may be a byproduct of selection on other functional traits,such as leaf size,shoot lipid content,indicating that plant flammability is an incidental result,rather than selected for,at least in ecosystems without fire as a selective force.
文摘AIM: To determine the mechanical properties of anasto- motic colonic tissue in experimental settings and there- fore give a measure of wound healing. METHODS: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were used as ex- perimental models of anastomotic tissue integrity. On the 5th post-operative day, the tensile strength was measured by application of an axial force, providing a quantitative measure of anastomotic dehiscence and leakage. RESULTS: Diagrams of the load as a function of the time [P = P (t)] and of the displacement also as a func- tion of time [Δs = Δs (t)] were recorded for each test, permitting the design of the load versus the displace- ment diagram and thus providing significant data about the critical values of anastomotic failure. Quantitative data were obtained concerning the anastomotic strength of both control specimens (healthy rats), as well as spec- imens from non-healthy rats for comparison. CONCLUSION: This experimental model provides an excellent method of measuring anastomotic strength. Despite the relative small number of specimens used, this method provides an accurate way of measuring wound repair. More experimental measurements need to be performed to correlate emerging tensile strength val-ues to anastomotic failure.
文摘Traumatic digestive perforation is the pathological opening of the wall of a hollow organ of the digestive tract (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and extrahepatic bile ducts) following trauma. Injuries to the digestive viscera, especially from trauma, have been known since antiquity. Aristotle recognized that a slight blow can cause an intestinal injury. Perforation of a hollow organ of the digestive sphere results in peritonitis, which in this case is the consequence of an infection of the peritoneal cavity by spreading of the digestive contents. The aim of the work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of traumatic digestive perforation. Patients and method: The study was retrospective and descriptive from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020, in the general surgery department of the hospital of Sikasso (Mali). Patients operated for traumatic digestive perforation were included. Results: The clinical records of 42 patients were collected. Traumatic digestive perforations represented 12.3% of patients hospitalized for abdominal trauma. The average age of the patients was 26.6 years, with a sex ratio of 6:1. The most frequent etiology was road traffic accidents with 38% of patients. The average delay of consultation was 5 days. Abdominal pain was present in 38 patients, vomiting in 17 patients. On physical examination, the most frequent signs were abdominal contracture in 61.9% of patients, and disappearance of pre-hepatic dullness in 54.7% of patients. On rectal examination, the douglas was bulging and painful in 21 patients. X-ray of the abdomen without preparation showed pneumoperitoneum in 54.1% of patients. Excision, suture and peritoneal lavage were performed in 31 patients. The postoperative course was marked by parietal suppurations in 5 patients, a digestive fistula in 2 patients and 4 cases of death (9.5%). Conclusion: Traumatic digestive perforation is a frequent pathology in surgery. Road accident was the main cause. The treatment is essentially surgical.
基金support from the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province[2021C01180]University Development Fund[UDF01002665,CUHK-Shenzhen]+1 种基金the Research Initiation Fund Project from Zhejiang Sci-Tech University[22212012-Y]Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LQ24F050005.
文摘Bacteria-infected wounds healing has been greatly hindered by antibiotic resistance and persistent inflammation.It is crucial to develop multifunctional nanocomposites that possess effective antibacterial properties and can simultaneously accelerate the wound healing process to overcome the above challenges.Herein,we prepared a yolk–shell structured Ag nanowires(NWs)@amorphous hollow ZIF-67 by etching ZIF-67 onto the Ag NWs for infected wound healing for the first time.The etched hollow structure of amorphous ZIF-67 in the nanocomposite makes it a promising platform for loading healingpromoting drugs.We extensively studied the antibacterial and healing-promoting properties of the curcumin(CCM)-loaded nanocomposite(Ag NWs@C-HZ67).Ag NWs,being noble metal materials with plasmonic effects,can absorb a broad range of natural light and convert it to thermal energy.This photothermal conversion further improves the release of antibacterial components and wound healing drugs when exposed to light.During the healing process of an infected wound,Ag and Co ions were released from Ag NWs@C-HZ67 upon direct contact with the wound exudate and under the influence of light irradiation.Simultaneously,the loaded CCM leaked out to repair the infected wound.The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the Ag NWs@C-HZ67 groups against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria decreased to 3 and 3μg ml−1 when exposed to white light.Furthermore,an in vivo assessment of infected wound healing demonstrated that combining Ag NWs@C-HZ67 with light significantly accelerated the wound healing process,achieving 70%healing by the 6th day and almost complete healing by the 8th day.This advanced nanocomposite,consisting of components that possess antibacterial and growth-promoting properties,offers a safe,effective and clinically-translatable solution for accelerating the healing process of infected wounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82330031)。
文摘Ocular trauma is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness worldwide,significantly affecting quality of life[1].Each year,an estimated 55 million ocular injuries occur worldwide,with nearly 19 million resulting in vision loss or blindness and approximately 750,000 requiring hospitalization[2,3].
