We use transaction-level data from the Bitcoin exchange Mt.Gox,including over 1.4 million transactions from more than 45,000 traders,to investigate the role of technical chart patterns in the early Bitcoin market from...We use transaction-level data from the Bitcoin exchange Mt.Gox,including over 1.4 million transactions from more than 45,000 traders,to investigate the role of technical chart patterns in the early Bitcoin market from April 2011 to September 2013.Employing a pattern recognition algorithm,we identify hourly trading signals for five major chart patterns.Buy signals of these patterns are associated with an average increase in abnormal trading volume of more than 53%.Trades executed during buy signal periods yield significantly higher average returns than those made during non-signal periods.Traders who use chart patterns more frequently are more likely to generate right-skewed return distributions,engage in more active trading,and achieve higher average roundtrip returns.Our research suggests that chart pattern trading was a crucial tool for Mt.Gox clients,highlighting the importance of technical heuristics in shaping the dynamics in a less efficient and unregulated market environment.By leveraging a comprehensive transaction dataset from a major cryptocurrency exchange,we provide unique insights into the actual trading behavior of the first Bitcoin adopters.This sets our work apart from previous studies that mainly rely on backtesting technical strategies using publicly available price data.展开更多
The authors regret that an error occurred during the preparation of their article:One of the official databases,which was used for functional trait collections,contained an incorrect term–'chametophytes'–for...The authors regret that an error occurred during the preparation of their article:One of the official databases,which was used for functional trait collections,contained an incorrect term–'chametophytes'–for the life form category'chamaephytes'.Unfortunately,this incorrect term was used throughout the article following the nomenclature of this official database:in one instance in the main text,in Fig.3 and its caption,in Fig.5,and in two instances in the supplementary material.展开更多
Sessile oak(Quercus petraea(Matt.)Liebl.)is widely distributed across most of Europe particularly the hills and lower mountain ranges,so is considered“the oak of the mountains”.This species grows on a wide variety o...Sessile oak(Quercus petraea(Matt.)Liebl.)is widely distributed across most of Europe particularly the hills and lower mountain ranges,so is considered“the oak of the mountains”.This species grows on a wide variety of soils and at altitudes ranging from sea level to 2200 m,especially in Atlantic and sub-Mediterranean climates,and it is sensitive to low winter temperatures,early and late frosts,as well as high summer temperatures.Sessile oak forms both pure and mixed stands especially with broadleaves such as European beech,European hornbeam,small-leaved lime and Acer spp.These form the understorey of sessile oak stands,promoting the natural shedding of lower branches of the oak and protecting the trunk against epicormic branches.Sessile oak is a long-lived,light-demanding and wind-firm species,owing to its taproot and heart-shaped root system.Its timber,one of the most valuable in Europe,is important for fur-niture-making(both solid wood and veneer),construction,barrels,railway sleepers,and is also used as fuelwood.It is one of the few major tree species in Europe that is regener-ated by seed(naturally or artificially)and by stump shoots in high forest,coppice-with-standards and coppice forests.Sessile oak forests are treated in both regular and irregular systems involving silvicultural techniques such as uniform shelterwood,group shelterwood,irregular shelterwood,irregular high forest,coppice-with-standards and simple coppice.Young naturally regenerated stands are managed by weeding,release cutting and cleaning-respacing,keeping the stands quite dense for good natural pruning.Plantations are based on(1)2-4-year old bare-root or container-grown seedlings produced in nurseries using seeds from genetic resources,seed stands and seed orchards.The density of sessile oak plantations(mostly in rows,but also in clusters)is usually between 4000 and 6000 ind.ha^(−1).Sessile oak silviculture of mature stands includes crown thinning,focus-ing on final crop trees(usually a maximum of 100 ind.ha^(−1))and targeting the production of large-diameter and high quality trees at long rotation ages(mostly over 120 years,sometimes 250-300 years).In different parts of Europe,conversion of simple coppices and coppice-with-standards to high forests is continuing.Even though manage-ment of sessile oak forests is very intensive and expensive,requiring active human intervention,the importance of this species in future European forests will increase in the con-text of climate change due to its high resistance to distur-bance,superior drought tolerance and heat stress resistance.展开更多
Magnesium and its alloys have been initially applied to biliary tract surgery.Currently,few reports on the degradation behavior of magnesium in the bile environment were investigated.Thus,in-depth research on the degr...Magnesium and its alloys have been initially applied to biliary tract surgery.Currently,few reports on the degradation behavior of magnesium in the bile environment were investigated.Thus,in-depth research on the degradation behavior of Mg and its alloys in bile is beneficial to the further application of Mg in biliary tract surgery.In this study,the degradation behavior of HP-Mg(HPM)and Mg-2 wt.%Zn(MZ2)alloys in human bile and Hanks balanced salt solution(HBSS)was systematically investigated.The MZ2 alloy biliary stent was implanted into the porcine common bile duct to study the degradation behavior of MZ2 alloy in vivo,and to verify the biosafety of MZ2 alloys degradation in the bile duct.It was found that the degradation product layer formed by MZ2 alloys in bile consisted of three layers,including organic matter(fatty acid,etc.),calcium and magnesium phosphate,and Mg(OH)2/MgO,respectively from the outside to the inside.The multi-layered degradation product layer slowed down the corrosion of the Mg matrix.During the 21 days of stent implantation,the degradation rate of the MZ2 stent was about 0.83 mm/y,there was no blockage and stenosis of the tube diameter,and the bile drainage function was normal.展开更多
The influence of pile-up on the nanoindentation measurements in Cu 2wt.%Be samples with precipitates was carefully studied.The precipitates were formed by aging treatments for 1 h at different temperatures between 540...The influence of pile-up on the nanoindentation measurements in Cu 2wt.%Be samples with precipitates was carefully studied.The precipitates were formed by aging treatments for 1 h at different temperatures between 540 and 680 K.The load depth curves were analyzed using the classical Oliver and Pharr method,and the obtained elastic modulus and hardness were compared with values estimated by other techniques.An important level of pile-up was found in samples with precipitates and differences in the load depth curves were observed between the unaged and aged samples.A correction of the contact depth considering the pile-up proposed by Loubet was used for hardness estimation.For the determination of the elastic modulus,an approach based on the relation between the ratio of unloading work to indentation total work,with the ratio H/Er(H is the hardness;Er is the reduced modulus),was employed.A specific relation between both parameters was developed.展开更多
Mahto et al. have shown δS≥0 and M2=a*J by using the first law of the black hole mechanics in the vacuum and Einstein mass-energy equivalence relation specially for spinning black holes. In the presen...Mahto et al. have shown δS≥0 and M2=a*J by using the first law of the black hole mechanics in the vacuum and Einstein mass-energy equivalence relation specially for spinning black holes. In the present paper, this work is extended to propose a model for the change in mass of the spinning black holes due to corresponding change in the angular momentum for maximum & half spin parameter of black holes (a* = 1 & 1/2) and calculated their values for different test black holes in XRBs and AGN. We have also shown that the change in mass of the spinning black holes due to corresponding change in the angular momentum for maximum spinning rate of black holes (a* = 1) is double to that of the spinning black holes having spinning parameter (a* = 1/2).展开更多
The present work discusses the derivation of the formula for the change in energy of non-spinning black holes with respect to the change in mass (dE/dM), which gives a constant quantity equal to 8.9998 x 1016 Joule/kg...The present work discusses the derivation of the formula for the change in energy of non-spinning black holes with respect to the change in mass (dE/dM), which gives a constant quantity equal to 8.9998 x 1016 Joule/kg in both categories of X-ray binaries (XRBs) and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). This formula can be used to justify the life time of black hole given by Γ = 2.098(M/Mο)3 x 1067 years as proposed by Stephen Hawking, where M and Mο are the mass of the black hole and the sun respectively. The authors also calculate the change in energy and mass of non-spinning black holes with respect to the change in the radius of event horizon as well as (dE/dM) for different test non-spinning black holes in X-ray binaries (XRBs) and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN).展开更多
In this research paper, we have used the formula for the change in entropy of Non-spinning black holes with respect to the change in the radius of event horizon (Mahto et al. 2012) and entropy of black holes (Hawking ...In this research paper, we have used the formula for the change in entropy of Non-spinning black holes with respect to the change in the radius of event horizon (Mahto et al. 2012) and entropy of black holes (Hawking 1973 & Mahto et al. 2012) to calculate their values in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) which shows that the variation of change in entropy of black holes with respect to the radius of the event horizon/entropy of black holes with increasing the values of the radius of the event horizon of different test Non-spinning black holes are like a wave-pattern.展开更多
We present total-intensity and polarized-intensity images of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant(SNR)observed by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope.The high angular-resolution and high-sensitivity...We present total-intensity and polarized-intensity images of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant(SNR)observed by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope.The high angular-resolution and high-sensitivity images enable us to thoroughly compare the properties of the northern part with the southern part of the SNR.The central filament in the northern part and the southern part have a similar foreground rotation measure,meaning their distances are likely similar.The polarization analysis indicates that the random magnetic field is larger than the regular field in the northern part,but negligible in the southern part.The total-intensity image is decomposed into components of various angular scales,and the brightness-temperature spectral index of the shell structures in the northern part is similar to that in the southern part in the component images.All the evidence suggests that the northern and southern parts of the Cygnus Loop are situated and thus evolved in different environments of interstellar medium,while belonging to the same SNR.展开更多
Background:Incorporation of legume species into native North American pastures is considered an effective method to increase native pasture productivity and improve the nutritive value of forage.This study evaluated t...Background:Incorporation of legume species into native North American pastures is considered an effective method to increase native pasture productivity and improve the nutritive value of forage.This study evaluated the effects of inclusion of purple prairie clover(PPC,Dalea purpurea Vent.),a native legume forage,with native coolseason grasses on the in vitro fermentation and in situ digestibility of mixed forages.Methods:Whole plant PPC and mixtures of cool-season grasses were harvested when the PPC reached the vegetative(VEG),full flower(FL)and seedpod(SP)stages,and were combined in ratios(DM basis)of 0:100,25:75,50:50,75:25 and 100:0 at each maturity.In vitro ruminal incubations using these mixtures were conducted for 48 h to determine gas production(GP),in vitro DM disappearance(IVDMD),total volatile fatty acids(VFA)and ammonia-N production.Mixtures of forages harvested when the PPC reached the FL stage and 50:50 mixture of forages harvested at VEG,FL and SP stages were incubated in the rumen of three heifers for 0,2,6,12,24,48,72 and 96 h to determine in situ degradabilities of DM,neutral detergent fibre(aNDF)and crude protein(CP).Results:Contents of aNDF and ADF increased(P<0.01),while CP decreased(P<0.001)as PPC matured.Concentrations of extractable condensed tannins in PPC ranked as FL>VEG>SP(P<0.05).Regardless of PPC proportions in the mixture,GP decreased(P<0.05)with increasing PPC maturity.Increasing PPC proportions linearly increased(P<0.001)GP,IVDMD and total VFA at VEG,but linearly decreased(P<0.001)them at SP.Irrespective of PPC maturity,ammonia-N production linearly increased(P<0.01)with increasing proportions of PPC and the concentration was higher(P<0.05)at VEG than at FL and SP stages.Increasing proportion of PPC at either maturity linearly increased(P<0.001)molar percentage of acetate(A)and branched-chain VFA,but linearly decreased(P<0.001)molar percentage of propionate(P),resulting in a linearly increase(P<0.001)in the A:P ratio.Increasing FL PPC in the mixture linearly and quadratically(P<0.01)increased a(soluble fraction),but linearly and quadratically decreased(P<0.01)b(potentially degradable fraction)for DM and aNDF,resulting in linear(P<0.05)and quadratic(P<0.01)increases in DM and aNDF maximum potential degradabilities(a+b).Effective degradabilities of DM and aNDF were also linearly and quadratically increased(P<0.05),and CP was quadratically increased(P<0.05)with increasing FL PPC,with the greatest effective degradability being observed with ratios between 50:50 and 75:25.Ruminal maximum potential degradabilities of DM and aNDF decreased(P<0.001)as the forage matured.Effective degradability of DM ranked as VEG>FL>SP(P<0.001),whereas the effective degradability of aNDF was similar between VEG and FL and both were greater(P<0.01)than SP.Conclusions:Inclusion of vegetative PPC in a mixed forage diet resulted in the greatest digestibility and incorporation of PPC before seedpod stage with native grasses had a positive effect on ruminal fermentation.Effects of PPC on ruminal digestion depend on both the stage of maturity and its proportion in mixed legume-grass pastures.Pastures containing 50%of PPC in full flower stage would likely provide the greatest quality diet to grazing ruminants subject to potential animal selectivity.展开更多
The effect of nine isolates of Bacillus amyloliquefaciensand one strain of Trichoderma harzianum, TR, on mycelial growth and germination of Colletotrichum acutatum were studied. The nine isolates were identified as Ba...The effect of nine isolates of Bacillus amyloliquefaciensand one strain of Trichoderma harzianum, TR, on mycelial growth and germination of Colletotrichum acutatum were studied. The nine isolates were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The efficacy of isolates was tested, at different concentrations. Results showed that one Bacillus isolates (Bc2) and TR were more effective at the lower concentration tested (3 × 105 CFU/ml and 105 conidia/ml).展开更多
Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. (Ebenaceae) is a multi-use plant, including for therapeutic purposes. It is used in alternative medicine in Burkina Faso to treat conjunctivitis, menorrhagia, dysentery, and d...Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. (Ebenaceae) is a multi-use plant, including for therapeutic purposes. It is used in alternative medicine in Burkina Faso to treat conjunctivitis, menorrhagia, dysentery, and diarrhea. The aim of our study was to evaluate the chemical profile, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, safety of use and spasmolytic effects of the aqueous decoction of Diospyros mespiliformis leaves. Phytochemical screening by HPTLC and assay of compounds of interest were carried out. Four methods were used to assess antioxidant activity. Inhibitory activity against 15-lipoxygenase and phospholipase A2 was assessed. Acute oral toxicity of the extract was tested on female mice (NMRI). Following these tests, the extract contained bioactive compounds of interest such as flavonoids, tannins, sterols, triterpenes, and saponosides. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the aqueous decoctate were 70.59 ± 3.20 mg EAT/g and 31.57 ± 0.78 mg EQ/g respectively. The extract was less active than Trolox with inhibitory concentrations of 50% (IC<sub>50</sub>) for the ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and LPO tests of 7.53 ± 0.08 μg/mL, 29.47 ± 0.06 μg/mL, 1128.83 ± 4.82 mol EAA/g, and 32.30 ± 1.60 μg/mL respectively. The extract has an anti-inflammatory effect with inhibition of phospholipase A2 compared to betamethasone. In addition, the aqueous extract produced an antispasmodic effect with Emax of 70% and 80% respectively during contractions induced by BaCl<sub>2</sub> and ACh. Finally, this study provided basic scientific data and could justify the use of D. mespiliformis leaves in the treatment of diarrhea.展开更多
目的:创伤后癫痫(post-traumatic epilepsy,PTE)是创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)的常见并发症,严重影响患者预后,早期预测PTE风险对临床管理至关重要,相比成人,儿童PTE相关研究较少,且缺乏临床公认的高预测效能模型。本研...目的:创伤后癫痫(post-traumatic epilepsy,PTE)是创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)的常见并发症,严重影响患者预后,早期预测PTE风险对临床管理至关重要,相比成人,儿童PTE相关研究较少,且缺乏临床公认的高预测效能模型。本研究旨在构建并验证适用于儿童TBI患者的PTE风险预测列线图模型。方法:系统检索中国知网、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普、Pubmed、Embase和Web of Science数据库中关于儿童PTE危险因素的研究,检索时限为建库至2024年10月。采用Stata 15.0软件进行Meta分析,根据Meta分析结果提取合并效应量具有显著性的风险因素。回顾性收集2019年1月—2023年12月南京医科大学附属儿童医院外科重症监护病房(surgical intensive care unit,SICU)收治的262例TBI患儿,按7∶3比例随机划分为训练队列和内部验证队列,基于Meta分析筛选的危险因素,利用R软件构建多因素Logistic回归模型并绘制列线图。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)评价模型区分度,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评估校准度,运用决策曲线分析(decision curve analysis,DCA)评估临床实用性。结果:共纳入13项研究,涉及1371819例TBI患儿。Meta分析显示,中国TBI儿童中PTE的发病率为19%(95%CI:17%~20%)。结合Meta分析筛选结果和临床经验,最终纳入8个危险因素构建模型:格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)评分、开放性脑损伤、早期痫性发作、意识丧失以及异常颅脑影像学表现(颅内血肿、脑挫伤、硬膜下出血、蛛网膜下腔出血),预测模型在训练队列和内部验证队列的AUC分别为0.801(95%CI:0.735~0.867,P<0.05)和0.831(95%CI:0.728~0.934,P<0.05)。Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验示模型拟合良好(训练队列:P=0.079;验证队列:P=0.082)。DCA显示该模型具有较高临床净获益。结论:本研究基于Meta分析构建的儿童PTE风险预测模型具有良好的区分度、校准度和临床实用性,可作为TBI儿童发生PTE风险评估的有效工具。展开更多
目的:探讨辅助性T细胞(helper T cell,Th)Th1/Th2、Th17/调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)失衡与儿童激素耐药型肾病综合征(steroid‑resistant nephrotic syndrome,SRNS)的相关性。方法:招募原发性肾病综合征患儿142例,给予4周的糖...目的:探讨辅助性T细胞(helper T cell,Th)Th1/Th2、Th17/调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)失衡与儿童激素耐药型肾病综合征(steroid‑resistant nephrotic syndrome,SRNS)的相关性。方法:招募原发性肾病综合征患儿142例,给予4周的糖皮质激素治疗,根据治疗反应将患儿分为激素敏感型肾病综合征(steroid‑sensitive nephrotic syndrome,SSNS)31例(SSNS组)和SRNS 111例(SRNS组),另选择53例健康儿童作为对照组。检测外周血Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg,分析影响SRNS的相关因素以及Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg诊断SRNS的价值。结果:SRNS组、SSNS组外周血Th2、Th17、Th17/Treg比值水平高于对照组(P<0.05),且SRNS组高于SSNS组(P<0.05),SRNS组、SSNS组Th1、Treg、Th1/Th2比值低于对照组(P<0.05),且SRNS组低于SSNS组(P<0.05)。镜下血尿、尿蛋白、Th17/Treg是SRNS的危险因素(P<0.05),Th1/Th2是保护因素(P<0.05)。联合Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg诊断SRNS的曲线下面积为0.831,高于单独Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg(P<0.05)。结论:SRNS患儿外周血Th1/Th2降低,Th17/Treg增高与SRNS发生有关,是诊断SRNS的潜在生物学标志物。展开更多
Microglia,the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,exhibit a wide array of functional states,even in their so-called“homeostatic”condition,when they are not actively responding to overt pathological s...Microglia,the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,exhibit a wide array of functional states,even in their so-called“homeostatic”condition,when they are not actively responding to overt pathological stimuli.These functional states can be visualized using a combination of multi-omics techniques(e.g.,gene and protein expression,posttranslational modifications,mRNA profiling,and metabolomics),and,in the case of homeostatic microglia,are largely defined by the global(e.g.,genetic variations,organism’s age,sex,circadian rhythms,and gut microbiota)as well as local(specific area of the brain,immediate microglial surrounding,neuron-glia interactions and synaptic density/activity)signals(Paolicelli et al.,2022).While phenomics(i.e.,ultrastructural microglial morphology and motility)is also one of the key microglial state-defining parameters,it is known that cells with similar morphology can belong to different functional states.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effect of pentagonal conjunctival autograft on reducing graft retraction following pterygium surgery.METHODS:This retrospective comparative study included patients who underwent primary pterygiu...AIM:To investigate the effect of pentagonal conjunctival autograft on reducing graft retraction following pterygium surgery.METHODS:This retrospective comparative study included patients who underwent primary pterygium excision with either pentagonal(created by shaping the junction with the recipient conjunctiva into a wedge)or quadrangular conjunctival autograft transplantation.All patients completed a 6mo postoperative follow-up.The primary outcome measure was the incidence of graft retraction;secondary outcomes included graft displacement requiring re-suturing and pterygium recurrence rate.RESULTS:The study enrolled 58 participants,comprising 26(15 males,11 females)in the pentagonal graft group(mean age:54.9±13.1y),and 32(17 males,15 females)in the quadrangular graft group(mean age:57.6±10.4y).Graft retraction occurred in only 1 eye(3.8%)in the pentagonal autograft group,compared to 9 eyes(28.1%)in the quadrangular autograft group.No cases of graft displacement requiring re-suturing were reported in the pentagonal autograft group.Although graft displacement and recurrence requiring re-suturing were observed less frequently in surgeries with a pentagonal graft,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Designing the conjunctival autograft in a pentagonal shape—mimicking geodesic dome architecture and conforming to the eye’s spherical structure—enhances compatibility with the recipient conjunctiva and improves resistance to physical traction forces.This design effectively reduces the incidence of graft retraction and other related complications,providing a more favorable surgical option for pterygium treatment.展开更多
Salient object detection(SOD)models struggle to simultaneously preserve global structure,maintain sharp object boundaries,and sustain computational efficiency in complex scenes.In this study,we propose SPSALNet,a task...Salient object detection(SOD)models struggle to simultaneously preserve global structure,maintain sharp object boundaries,and sustain computational efficiency in complex scenes.In this study,we propose SPSALNet,a task-driven two-stage(macro–micro)architecture that restructures the SOD process around superpixel representations.In the proposed approach,a“split-and-enhance”principle,introduced to our knowledge for the first time in the SOD literature,hierarchically classifies superpixels and then applies targeted refinement only to ambiguous or error-prone regions.At the macro stage,the image is partitioned into content-adaptive superpixel regions,and each superpixel is represented by a high-dimensional region-level feature vector.These representations define a regional decomposition problem in which superpixels are assigned to three classes:background,object interior,and transition regions.Superpixel tokens interact with a global feature vector from a deep network backbone through a cross-attention module and are projected into an enriched embedding space that jointly encodes local topology and global context.At the micro stage,the model employs a U-Net-based refinement process that allocates computational resources only to ambiguous transition regions.The image and distance–similarity maps derived from superpixels are processed through a dual-encoder pathway.Subsequently,channel-aware fusion blocks adaptively combine information from these two sources,producing sharper and more stable object boundaries.Experimental results show that SPSALNet achieves high accuracy with lower computational cost compared to recent competing methods.On the PASCAL-S and DUT-OMRON datasets,SPSALNet exhibits a clear performance advantage across all key metrics,and it ranks first on accuracy-oriented measures on HKU-IS.On the challenging DUT-OMRON benchmark,SPSALNet reaches a MAE of 0.034.Across all datasets,it preserves object boundaries and regional structure in a stable and competitive manner.展开更多
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)has transformed educational practices,yet its integration with experiential pedagogies such as drama remains underexplored in English Language Teaching(ELT),particul...The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)has transformed educational practices,yet its integration with experiential pedagogies such as drama remains underexplored in English Language Teaching(ELT),particularly in pre-service teacher education.This study examines how AI-supported drama pedagogy contributes to the professional development of pre-service English teachers,focusing on reflective practice,pedagogical adaptability,creativity,intercultural awareness,and sustainability-oriented teaching perspectives.Grounded in sociocultural theory,experiential learning,and Education for Sustainable Development(ESD),the research adopts an interpretive qualitative case study design conducted over a 12-week elective course titled“Drama in ELT”at a foundation university in Istanbul,Türkiye.Participants included 40 second-year pre-service teachers,with 15 volunteers taking part in semi-structured focus group interviews.Data were collected through open-ended questionnaires and focus groups and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.Four interrelated themes emerged:creativity and pedagogical innovation,intercultural awareness and empathy,problem-solving and adaptability,and reflective professional growth with ethical awareness.Findings suggest that AI acted as a mediational scaffold that enriched drama-based learning while preserving human agency.The study concludes that integrating AI with drama offers a meaningful model for sustainable teacher education aligned with SDG 4(Quality Education)and SDG 9(Industry,Innovation and Infrastructure).展开更多
文摘We use transaction-level data from the Bitcoin exchange Mt.Gox,including over 1.4 million transactions from more than 45,000 traders,to investigate the role of technical chart patterns in the early Bitcoin market from April 2011 to September 2013.Employing a pattern recognition algorithm,we identify hourly trading signals for five major chart patterns.Buy signals of these patterns are associated with an average increase in abnormal trading volume of more than 53%.Trades executed during buy signal periods yield significantly higher average returns than those made during non-signal periods.Traders who use chart patterns more frequently are more likely to generate right-skewed return distributions,engage in more active trading,and achieve higher average roundtrip returns.Our research suggests that chart pattern trading was a crucial tool for Mt.Gox clients,highlighting the importance of technical heuristics in shaping the dynamics in a less efficient and unregulated market environment.By leveraging a comprehensive transaction dataset from a major cryptocurrency exchange,we provide unique insights into the actual trading behavior of the first Bitcoin adopters.This sets our work apart from previous studies that mainly rely on backtesting technical strategies using publicly available price data.
文摘The authors regret that an error occurred during the preparation of their article:One of the official databases,which was used for functional trait collections,contained an incorrect term–'chametophytes'–for the life form category'chamaephytes'.Unfortunately,this incorrect term was used throughout the article following the nomenclature of this official database:in one instance in the main text,in Fig.3 and its caption,in Fig.5,and in two instances in the supplementary material.
文摘Sessile oak(Quercus petraea(Matt.)Liebl.)is widely distributed across most of Europe particularly the hills and lower mountain ranges,so is considered“the oak of the mountains”.This species grows on a wide variety of soils and at altitudes ranging from sea level to 2200 m,especially in Atlantic and sub-Mediterranean climates,and it is sensitive to low winter temperatures,early and late frosts,as well as high summer temperatures.Sessile oak forms both pure and mixed stands especially with broadleaves such as European beech,European hornbeam,small-leaved lime and Acer spp.These form the understorey of sessile oak stands,promoting the natural shedding of lower branches of the oak and protecting the trunk against epicormic branches.Sessile oak is a long-lived,light-demanding and wind-firm species,owing to its taproot and heart-shaped root system.Its timber,one of the most valuable in Europe,is important for fur-niture-making(both solid wood and veneer),construction,barrels,railway sleepers,and is also used as fuelwood.It is one of the few major tree species in Europe that is regener-ated by seed(naturally or artificially)and by stump shoots in high forest,coppice-with-standards and coppice forests.Sessile oak forests are treated in both regular and irregular systems involving silvicultural techniques such as uniform shelterwood,group shelterwood,irregular shelterwood,irregular high forest,coppice-with-standards and simple coppice.Young naturally regenerated stands are managed by weeding,release cutting and cleaning-respacing,keeping the stands quite dense for good natural pruning.Plantations are based on(1)2-4-year old bare-root or container-grown seedlings produced in nurseries using seeds from genetic resources,seed stands and seed orchards.The density of sessile oak plantations(mostly in rows,but also in clusters)is usually between 4000 and 6000 ind.ha^(−1).Sessile oak silviculture of mature stands includes crown thinning,focus-ing on final crop trees(usually a maximum of 100 ind.ha^(−1))and targeting the production of large-diameter and high quality trees at long rotation ages(mostly over 120 years,sometimes 250-300 years).In different parts of Europe,conversion of simple coppices and coppice-with-standards to high forests is continuing.Even though manage-ment of sessile oak forests is very intensive and expensive,requiring active human intervention,the importance of this species in future European forests will increase in the con-text of climate change due to its high resistance to distur-bance,superior drought tolerance and heat stress resistance.
基金supported by the Sci-ence and technology commission of Shanghai Municipal-ity(No.19441905600)the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Interdisciplinary(Biomedical Engineering)Research Fund(No.ZH2018ZDA09)+2 种基金Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(No.SHDC2020CR3036B)China Postdoctoral Science Founda-tion(No.2021M702090)Changshu Science and Technology Program(Industrial)Project(No.CG202107).
文摘Magnesium and its alloys have been initially applied to biliary tract surgery.Currently,few reports on the degradation behavior of magnesium in the bile environment were investigated.Thus,in-depth research on the degradation behavior of Mg and its alloys in bile is beneficial to the further application of Mg in biliary tract surgery.In this study,the degradation behavior of HP-Mg(HPM)and Mg-2 wt.%Zn(MZ2)alloys in human bile and Hanks balanced salt solution(HBSS)was systematically investigated.The MZ2 alloy biliary stent was implanted into the porcine common bile duct to study the degradation behavior of MZ2 alloy in vivo,and to verify the biosafety of MZ2 alloys degradation in the bile duct.It was found that the degradation product layer formed by MZ2 alloys in bile consisted of three layers,including organic matter(fatty acid,etc.),calcium and magnesium phosphate,and Mg(OH)2/MgO,respectively from the outside to the inside.The multi-layered degradation product layer slowed down the corrosion of the Mg matrix.During the 21 days of stent implantation,the degradation rate of the MZ2 stent was about 0.83 mm/y,there was no blockage and stenosis of the tube diameter,and the bile drainage function was normal.
基金supported by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA)SECAT (UNCPBA) Argentina
文摘The influence of pile-up on the nanoindentation measurements in Cu 2wt.%Be samples with precipitates was carefully studied.The precipitates were formed by aging treatments for 1 h at different temperatures between 540 and 680 K.The load depth curves were analyzed using the classical Oliver and Pharr method,and the obtained elastic modulus and hardness were compared with values estimated by other techniques.An important level of pile-up was found in samples with precipitates and differences in the load depth curves were observed between the unaged and aged samples.A correction of the contact depth considering the pile-up proposed by Loubet was used for hardness estimation.For the determination of the elastic modulus,an approach based on the relation between the ratio of unloading work to indentation total work,with the ratio H/Er(H is the hardness;Er is the reduced modulus),was employed.A specific relation between both parameters was developed.
文摘Mahto et al. have shown δS≥0 and M2=a*J by using the first law of the black hole mechanics in the vacuum and Einstein mass-energy equivalence relation specially for spinning black holes. In the present paper, this work is extended to propose a model for the change in mass of the spinning black holes due to corresponding change in the angular momentum for maximum & half spin parameter of black holes (a* = 1 & 1/2) and calculated their values for different test black holes in XRBs and AGN. We have also shown that the change in mass of the spinning black holes due to corresponding change in the angular momentum for maximum spinning rate of black holes (a* = 1) is double to that of the spinning black holes having spinning parameter (a* = 1/2).
文摘The present work discusses the derivation of the formula for the change in energy of non-spinning black holes with respect to the change in mass (dE/dM), which gives a constant quantity equal to 8.9998 x 1016 Joule/kg in both categories of X-ray binaries (XRBs) and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). This formula can be used to justify the life time of black hole given by Γ = 2.098(M/Mο)3 x 1067 years as proposed by Stephen Hawking, where M and Mο are the mass of the black hole and the sun respectively. The authors also calculate the change in energy and mass of non-spinning black holes with respect to the change in the radius of event horizon as well as (dE/dM) for different test non-spinning black holes in X-ray binaries (XRBs) and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN).
文摘In this research paper, we have used the formula for the change in entropy of Non-spinning black holes with respect to the change in the radius of event horizon (Mahto et al. 2012) and entropy of black holes (Hawking 1973 & Mahto et al. 2012) to calculate their values in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) which shows that the variation of change in entropy of black holes with respect to the radius of the event horizon/entropy of black holes with increasing the values of the radius of the event horizon of different test Non-spinning black holes are like a wave-pattern.
基金supported by the Cultivation Project for FAST Scientific Payoff and Research Achievement of CAMS-CASsupported by the Science&Technology Department of Yunnan Province—Yunnan University Joint Funding(2019FY003005)supported by the CASNWO cooperation program(Grant No.GJHZ1865)。
文摘We present total-intensity and polarized-intensity images of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant(SNR)observed by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope.The high angular-resolution and high-sensitivity images enable us to thoroughly compare the properties of the northern part with the southern part of the SNR.The central filament in the northern part and the southern part have a similar foreground rotation measure,meaning their distances are likely similar.The polarization analysis indicates that the random magnetic field is larger than the regular field in the northern part,but negligible in the southern part.The total-intensity image is decomposed into components of various angular scales,and the brightness-temperature spectral index of the shell structures in the northern part is similar to that in the southern part in the component images.All the evidence suggests that the northern and southern parts of the Cygnus Loop are situated and thus evolved in different environments of interstellar medium,while belonging to the same SNR.
基金This study was funded from AAFC/Canadian Beef Cattle Industry Science ClusterAlberta Livestock and Meat Agency.This is Lethbridge Research and Development Centre contribution number 38717038.
文摘Background:Incorporation of legume species into native North American pastures is considered an effective method to increase native pasture productivity and improve the nutritive value of forage.This study evaluated the effects of inclusion of purple prairie clover(PPC,Dalea purpurea Vent.),a native legume forage,with native coolseason grasses on the in vitro fermentation and in situ digestibility of mixed forages.Methods:Whole plant PPC and mixtures of cool-season grasses were harvested when the PPC reached the vegetative(VEG),full flower(FL)and seedpod(SP)stages,and were combined in ratios(DM basis)of 0:100,25:75,50:50,75:25 and 100:0 at each maturity.In vitro ruminal incubations using these mixtures were conducted for 48 h to determine gas production(GP),in vitro DM disappearance(IVDMD),total volatile fatty acids(VFA)and ammonia-N production.Mixtures of forages harvested when the PPC reached the FL stage and 50:50 mixture of forages harvested at VEG,FL and SP stages were incubated in the rumen of three heifers for 0,2,6,12,24,48,72 and 96 h to determine in situ degradabilities of DM,neutral detergent fibre(aNDF)and crude protein(CP).Results:Contents of aNDF and ADF increased(P<0.01),while CP decreased(P<0.001)as PPC matured.Concentrations of extractable condensed tannins in PPC ranked as FL>VEG>SP(P<0.05).Regardless of PPC proportions in the mixture,GP decreased(P<0.05)with increasing PPC maturity.Increasing PPC proportions linearly increased(P<0.001)GP,IVDMD and total VFA at VEG,but linearly decreased(P<0.001)them at SP.Irrespective of PPC maturity,ammonia-N production linearly increased(P<0.01)with increasing proportions of PPC and the concentration was higher(P<0.05)at VEG than at FL and SP stages.Increasing proportion of PPC at either maturity linearly increased(P<0.001)molar percentage of acetate(A)and branched-chain VFA,but linearly decreased(P<0.001)molar percentage of propionate(P),resulting in a linearly increase(P<0.001)in the A:P ratio.Increasing FL PPC in the mixture linearly and quadratically(P<0.01)increased a(soluble fraction),but linearly and quadratically decreased(P<0.01)b(potentially degradable fraction)for DM and aNDF,resulting in linear(P<0.05)and quadratic(P<0.01)increases in DM and aNDF maximum potential degradabilities(a+b).Effective degradabilities of DM and aNDF were also linearly and quadratically increased(P<0.05),and CP was quadratically increased(P<0.05)with increasing FL PPC,with the greatest effective degradability being observed with ratios between 50:50 and 75:25.Ruminal maximum potential degradabilities of DM and aNDF decreased(P<0.001)as the forage matured.Effective degradability of DM ranked as VEG>FL>SP(P<0.001),whereas the effective degradability of aNDF was similar between VEG and FL and both were greater(P<0.01)than SP.Conclusions:Inclusion of vegetative PPC in a mixed forage diet resulted in the greatest digestibility and incorporation of PPC before seedpod stage with native grasses had a positive effect on ruminal fermentation.Effects of PPC on ruminal digestion depend on both the stage of maturity and its proportion in mixed legume-grass pastures.Pastures containing 50%of PPC in full flower stage would likely provide the greatest quality diet to grazing ruminants subject to potential animal selectivity.
文摘The effect of nine isolates of Bacillus amyloliquefaciensand one strain of Trichoderma harzianum, TR, on mycelial growth and germination of Colletotrichum acutatum were studied. The nine isolates were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The efficacy of isolates was tested, at different concentrations. Results showed that one Bacillus isolates (Bc2) and TR were more effective at the lower concentration tested (3 × 105 CFU/ml and 105 conidia/ml).
文摘Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. (Ebenaceae) is a multi-use plant, including for therapeutic purposes. It is used in alternative medicine in Burkina Faso to treat conjunctivitis, menorrhagia, dysentery, and diarrhea. The aim of our study was to evaluate the chemical profile, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, safety of use and spasmolytic effects of the aqueous decoction of Diospyros mespiliformis leaves. Phytochemical screening by HPTLC and assay of compounds of interest were carried out. Four methods were used to assess antioxidant activity. Inhibitory activity against 15-lipoxygenase and phospholipase A2 was assessed. Acute oral toxicity of the extract was tested on female mice (NMRI). Following these tests, the extract contained bioactive compounds of interest such as flavonoids, tannins, sterols, triterpenes, and saponosides. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the aqueous decoctate were 70.59 ± 3.20 mg EAT/g and 31.57 ± 0.78 mg EQ/g respectively. The extract was less active than Trolox with inhibitory concentrations of 50% (IC<sub>50</sub>) for the ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and LPO tests of 7.53 ± 0.08 μg/mL, 29.47 ± 0.06 μg/mL, 1128.83 ± 4.82 mol EAA/g, and 32.30 ± 1.60 μg/mL respectively. The extract has an anti-inflammatory effect with inhibition of phospholipase A2 compared to betamethasone. In addition, the aqueous extract produced an antispasmodic effect with Emax of 70% and 80% respectively during contractions induced by BaCl<sub>2</sub> and ACh. Finally, this study provided basic scientific data and could justify the use of D. mespiliformis leaves in the treatment of diarrhea.
文摘目的:创伤后癫痫(post-traumatic epilepsy,PTE)是创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)的常见并发症,严重影响患者预后,早期预测PTE风险对临床管理至关重要,相比成人,儿童PTE相关研究较少,且缺乏临床公认的高预测效能模型。本研究旨在构建并验证适用于儿童TBI患者的PTE风险预测列线图模型。方法:系统检索中国知网、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普、Pubmed、Embase和Web of Science数据库中关于儿童PTE危险因素的研究,检索时限为建库至2024年10月。采用Stata 15.0软件进行Meta分析,根据Meta分析结果提取合并效应量具有显著性的风险因素。回顾性收集2019年1月—2023年12月南京医科大学附属儿童医院外科重症监护病房(surgical intensive care unit,SICU)收治的262例TBI患儿,按7∶3比例随机划分为训练队列和内部验证队列,基于Meta分析筛选的危险因素,利用R软件构建多因素Logistic回归模型并绘制列线图。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)评价模型区分度,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评估校准度,运用决策曲线分析(decision curve analysis,DCA)评估临床实用性。结果:共纳入13项研究,涉及1371819例TBI患儿。Meta分析显示,中国TBI儿童中PTE的发病率为19%(95%CI:17%~20%)。结合Meta分析筛选结果和临床经验,最终纳入8个危险因素构建模型:格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)评分、开放性脑损伤、早期痫性发作、意识丧失以及异常颅脑影像学表现(颅内血肿、脑挫伤、硬膜下出血、蛛网膜下腔出血),预测模型在训练队列和内部验证队列的AUC分别为0.801(95%CI:0.735~0.867,P<0.05)和0.831(95%CI:0.728~0.934,P<0.05)。Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验示模型拟合良好(训练队列:P=0.079;验证队列:P=0.082)。DCA显示该模型具有较高临床净获益。结论:本研究基于Meta分析构建的儿童PTE风险预测模型具有良好的区分度、校准度和临床实用性,可作为TBI儿童发生PTE风险评估的有效工具。
文摘目的:探讨辅助性T细胞(helper T cell,Th)Th1/Th2、Th17/调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)失衡与儿童激素耐药型肾病综合征(steroid‑resistant nephrotic syndrome,SRNS)的相关性。方法:招募原发性肾病综合征患儿142例,给予4周的糖皮质激素治疗,根据治疗反应将患儿分为激素敏感型肾病综合征(steroid‑sensitive nephrotic syndrome,SSNS)31例(SSNS组)和SRNS 111例(SRNS组),另选择53例健康儿童作为对照组。检测外周血Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg,分析影响SRNS的相关因素以及Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg诊断SRNS的价值。结果:SRNS组、SSNS组外周血Th2、Th17、Th17/Treg比值水平高于对照组(P<0.05),且SRNS组高于SSNS组(P<0.05),SRNS组、SSNS组Th1、Treg、Th1/Th2比值低于对照组(P<0.05),且SRNS组低于SSNS组(P<0.05)。镜下血尿、尿蛋白、Th17/Treg是SRNS的危险因素(P<0.05),Th1/Th2是保护因素(P<0.05)。联合Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg诊断SRNS的曲线下面积为0.831,高于单独Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg(P<0.05)。结论:SRNS患儿外周血Th1/Th2降低,Th17/Treg增高与SRNS发生有关,是诊断SRNS的潜在生物学标志物。
基金supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,German Research Foundation grant GA 654/13-2 to OG.
文摘Microglia,the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,exhibit a wide array of functional states,even in their so-called“homeostatic”condition,when they are not actively responding to overt pathological stimuli.These functional states can be visualized using a combination of multi-omics techniques(e.g.,gene and protein expression,posttranslational modifications,mRNA profiling,and metabolomics),and,in the case of homeostatic microglia,are largely defined by the global(e.g.,genetic variations,organism’s age,sex,circadian rhythms,and gut microbiota)as well as local(specific area of the brain,immediate microglial surrounding,neuron-glia interactions and synaptic density/activity)signals(Paolicelli et al.,2022).While phenomics(i.e.,ultrastructural microglial morphology and motility)is also one of the key microglial state-defining parameters,it is known that cells with similar morphology can belong to different functional states.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of pentagonal conjunctival autograft on reducing graft retraction following pterygium surgery.METHODS:This retrospective comparative study included patients who underwent primary pterygium excision with either pentagonal(created by shaping the junction with the recipient conjunctiva into a wedge)or quadrangular conjunctival autograft transplantation.All patients completed a 6mo postoperative follow-up.The primary outcome measure was the incidence of graft retraction;secondary outcomes included graft displacement requiring re-suturing and pterygium recurrence rate.RESULTS:The study enrolled 58 participants,comprising 26(15 males,11 females)in the pentagonal graft group(mean age:54.9±13.1y),and 32(17 males,15 females)in the quadrangular graft group(mean age:57.6±10.4y).Graft retraction occurred in only 1 eye(3.8%)in the pentagonal autograft group,compared to 9 eyes(28.1%)in the quadrangular autograft group.No cases of graft displacement requiring re-suturing were reported in the pentagonal autograft group.Although graft displacement and recurrence requiring re-suturing were observed less frequently in surgeries with a pentagonal graft,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Designing the conjunctival autograft in a pentagonal shape—mimicking geodesic dome architecture and conforming to the eye’s spherical structure—enhances compatibility with the recipient conjunctiva and improves resistance to physical traction forces.This design effectively reduces the incidence of graft retraction and other related complications,providing a more favorable surgical option for pterygium treatment.
文摘Salient object detection(SOD)models struggle to simultaneously preserve global structure,maintain sharp object boundaries,and sustain computational efficiency in complex scenes.In this study,we propose SPSALNet,a task-driven two-stage(macro–micro)architecture that restructures the SOD process around superpixel representations.In the proposed approach,a“split-and-enhance”principle,introduced to our knowledge for the first time in the SOD literature,hierarchically classifies superpixels and then applies targeted refinement only to ambiguous or error-prone regions.At the macro stage,the image is partitioned into content-adaptive superpixel regions,and each superpixel is represented by a high-dimensional region-level feature vector.These representations define a regional decomposition problem in which superpixels are assigned to three classes:background,object interior,and transition regions.Superpixel tokens interact with a global feature vector from a deep network backbone through a cross-attention module and are projected into an enriched embedding space that jointly encodes local topology and global context.At the micro stage,the model employs a U-Net-based refinement process that allocates computational resources only to ambiguous transition regions.The image and distance–similarity maps derived from superpixels are processed through a dual-encoder pathway.Subsequently,channel-aware fusion blocks adaptively combine information from these two sources,producing sharper and more stable object boundaries.Experimental results show that SPSALNet achieves high accuracy with lower computational cost compared to recent competing methods.On the PASCAL-S and DUT-OMRON datasets,SPSALNet exhibits a clear performance advantage across all key metrics,and it ranks first on accuracy-oriented measures on HKU-IS.On the challenging DUT-OMRON benchmark,SPSALNet reaches a MAE of 0.034.Across all datasets,it preserves object boundaries and regional structure in a stable and competitive manner.
文摘The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)has transformed educational practices,yet its integration with experiential pedagogies such as drama remains underexplored in English Language Teaching(ELT),particularly in pre-service teacher education.This study examines how AI-supported drama pedagogy contributes to the professional development of pre-service English teachers,focusing on reflective practice,pedagogical adaptability,creativity,intercultural awareness,and sustainability-oriented teaching perspectives.Grounded in sociocultural theory,experiential learning,and Education for Sustainable Development(ESD),the research adopts an interpretive qualitative case study design conducted over a 12-week elective course titled“Drama in ELT”at a foundation university in Istanbul,Türkiye.Participants included 40 second-year pre-service teachers,with 15 volunteers taking part in semi-structured focus group interviews.Data were collected through open-ended questionnaires and focus groups and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.Four interrelated themes emerged:creativity and pedagogical innovation,intercultural awareness and empathy,problem-solving and adaptability,and reflective professional growth with ethical awareness.Findings suggest that AI acted as a mediational scaffold that enriched drama-based learning while preserving human agency.The study concludes that integrating AI with drama offers a meaningful model for sustainable teacher education aligned with SDG 4(Quality Education)and SDG 9(Industry,Innovation and Infrastructure).
