Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathologica...Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathological characteristics and molecular pathways associated with its progression.Advances in scientific research have increasingly highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.These non-coding RNAs regulate several biological processes critical to the advancement of the disease,offering promising potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease onset,with a particular focus on microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs associated with the disease.The review elucidates the potential pathogenic processes of Alzheimer's disease and provides a detailed description of the synthesis mechanisms of the three aforementioned non-coding RNAs.It comprehensively summarizes the various non-coding RNAs that have been identified to play key regulatory roles in Alzheimer's disease,as well as how these noncoding RNAs influence the disease's progression by regulating gene expression and protein functions.For example,miR-9 targets the UBE4B gene,promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of Tau protein,thereby reducing Tau accumulation and delaying Alzheimer's disease progression.Conversely,the long non-coding RNA BACE1-AS stabilizes BACE1 mRNA,promoting the generation of amyloid-βand accelerating Alzheimer's disease development.Additionally,circular RNAs play significant roles in regulating neuroinflammatory responses.By integrating insights from these regulatory mechanisms,there is potential to discover new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for early detection and management of Alzheimer's disease.This review aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and non-coding RNAs,potentially paving the way for early detection and novel treatment strategies.展开更多
The development of materials with excellent microwave absorption(MWA)and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performances has currently received attention.Herein,mesophase pitch-based carbon foam(MPCF)with 3D i...The development of materials with excellent microwave absorption(MWA)and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performances has currently received attention.Herein,mesophase pitch-based carbon foam(MPCF)with 3D interconnected pore structure was prepared through the high pressure pyrolysis of mesophase coal tar pitch.It is found that the 3D interconnected cellular pores of MPCF facilitate multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves,which results in the minimum reflection loss(RLmin)value of MPCF reaches-37.84 dB with the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 5.44 GHz at a thickness of 2.70 mm,and the total average electromagnetic shielding effectiveness(SE_(T))under 3.00 mm thickness achieves 26.52 dB in X-band.Subsequently,MPCF is activated by KOH to obtain activated carbon foam(A-MPCF).The average SE_(T)of A-MPCF achieves 103.00 dB for abundant nanopores on the pore cell walls,which leads to a transition from the multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves on the walls to diffuse reflection.Unfortunately,the reflection coefficient(R)of A-MPCF increases from 0.78 to 0.90.To reduce the R value,Fe_(3)O_(4)/A-MPCF was fabricated via the in situ growth of nano Fe_(3)O_(4)on A-MPCF.Consequently,the R value of Fe_(3)O_(4)/A-MPCF was reduced from 0.90 to 0.74,whereas the MWA performance was only slightly decreased.This work proposes a simple strategy for simultaneously adjusting MWA and EMI shielding performances of materials.展开更多
Low-dimensional(LD)halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention due to their distinctive structures and exceptional optoelectronic properties,including high absorption coefficients,extended charge carrier ...Low-dimensional(LD)halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention due to their distinctive structures and exceptional optoelectronic properties,including high absorption coefficients,extended charge carrier diffusion lengths,suppressed non-radiative recombination rates,and intense photoluminescence.A key advantage of LD perovskites is the tunability of their optical and electronic properties through the precise optimization of their structural arrangements and dimensionality.This review systematically examines recent progress in the synthesis and optoelectronic characterizations of LD perovskites,focusing on their structural,optical,and photophysical properties that underpin their versatility in diverse applications.The review further summarizes advancements in LD perovskite-based devices,including resistive memory,artificial synapses,photodetectors,light-emitting diodes,and solar cells.Finally,the challenges associated with stability,scalability,and integration,as well as future prospects,are discussed,emphasizing the potential of LD perovskites to drive breakthroughs in device efficiency and industrial applicability.展开更多
To comprehensively understand the Arctic and Antarctic upper atmosphere, it is often crucial to analyze various data that are obtained from many regions. Infrastructure that promotes such interdisciplinary studies on ...To comprehensively understand the Arctic and Antarctic upper atmosphere, it is often crucial to analyze various data that are obtained from many regions. Infrastructure that promotes such interdisciplinary studies on the upper atmosphere has been developed by a Japanese inter-university project called the Inter-university Upper atmosphere Global Observation Network （1UGONET）. The objective of this paper is to describe the infrastructure and tools developed by IUGONET. We focus on the data analysis software. It is written in Interactive Data Language （IDL） and is a plug-in for the THEMIS Data Analysis Software suite （TDAS）, which is a set of IDL libraries used to visualize and analyze satellite- and ground-based data. We present plots of upper atmospheric data provided by IUGONET as examples of applications, and verify the usefulness of the software in the study of polar science. We discuss IUGONET＇s new and unique developments, i.e., an executable file of TDAS that can run on the IDL Virtual Machine, IDL routines to retrieve metadata from the IUGONET database, and an archive of 3-D simulation data that uses the Common Data Format so that it can easily be used with TDAS.展开更多
Objective:To identify the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis(STH)among school-age children in the Cagayan Valley,the Philippines,assess their level of awareness on the disease,and determine predisposing fact...Objective:To identify the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis(STH)among school-age children in the Cagayan Valley,the Philippines,assess their level of awareness on the disease,and determine predisposing factors of the disease.Methods:A total of 478 GradesⅢ-Ⅴschool-age children in Pamplona and Sanchez-Mira School Districts in the Cagayan Valley answered the questionnaire assessing their knowledge,attitude,and practices on STH,subjected to anthropometric measurements,and provided faecal samples for parasitologic assessment(direct smear,Kato-Katz,and formol-ether concentration techniques).Results:The participants of the study,with 55.86%females,were 8 to 14 years old.Their nutritional status was assessed‘normal’(84.31%),‘severely wasted’(6.49%),‘wasted’(5.23%),‘overweight’(2.72%),and‘obese’(1.26%).The prevalence of infection with at least 1 STH species was 25.99%in Pamplona and 19.40%in SanchezMira.Overall,the prevalence of heavy intensity was 7.11%for Ascaris lumbricoides and 1.67%for Trichuris trichiura.All hookworm infections had light intensities.The majority of the school-age children had a low score in the KAP test.In knowledge of STH,‘stunted growth as a symptom of infection’was associated with a lower risk of Ascaris lumbricoides infection(OR 0.448;95%CI 0.212,0.945;P=0.035)while‘playing with soil as a mode of transmission’was associated with an increased risk of Ascaris lumbricoides infection(OR 2.067;95%CI 1.014,4.212;P=0.046).In attitude towards STH,‘I think I have intestinal worm now’was associated with a higher risk of Ascaris lumbricoides infection(OR 1.681;95%CI 1.061,2.662;P=0.027).Conclusions:The prevalence rate of Ascaris lumbricoides among the school-age children in the Cagayan Valley shows the need to further intensify intervention in the area to meet the threshold set by the World Health Organization.The identified predictors of infection,which concerns the school-age children’s knowledge and attitude toward STH,can be used in augmenting intervention programs in the future.展开更多
Co-based alloy coating was prepared on Zr alloy using laser melting and cladding technique to study the difference in the high-temperature oxidation behavior between pure metal Co coatings and Co-T800 alloy coatings,a...Co-based alloy coating was prepared on Zr alloy using laser melting and cladding technique to study the difference in the high-temperature oxidation behavior between pure metal Co coatings and Co-T800 alloy coatings,as well as the wear resistance of the coatings.Besides,the effect of changing the laser melting process on the coatings was also investigated.The oxidation mass gain at 800–1200℃and the high-temperature oxidation behavior during high-temperature treatment for 1 h of two coated Zr alloy samples were studied.Results show that the Co coating and the Co-T800 coating have better resistance against high-temperature oxidation.After oxidizing at 1000℃for 1 h,the thickness of the oxide layer of the uncoated sample was 241.0μm,whereas that of the sample with Co-based coating is only 11.8–35.5μm.The friction wear test shows that the depth of the abrasion mark of the coated sample is only 1/2 of that of the substrate,indicating that the hardness and wear resistance of the Zr substrate are greatly improved.The disadvantage of Co-based coatings is the inferior corrosion resistance in 3.5wt%NaCl solution.展开更多
Software security poses substantial risks to our society because software has become part of our life. Numerous techniques have been proposed to resolve or mitigate the impact of software security issues. Among them, ...Software security poses substantial risks to our society because software has become part of our life. Numerous techniques have been proposed to resolve or mitigate the impact of software security issues. Among them, software testing and analysis are two of the critical methods, which significantly benefit from the advancements in deep learning technologies. Due to the successful use of deep learning in software security, recently,researchers have explored the potential of using large language models(LLMs) in this area. In this paper, we systematically review the results focusing on LLMs in software security. We analyze the topics of fuzzing, unit test, program repair, bug reproduction, data-driven bug detection, and bug triage. We deconstruct these techniques into several stages and analyze how LLMs can be used in the stages. We also discuss the future directions of using LLMs in software security, including the future directions for the existing use of LLMs and extensions from conventional deep learning research.展开更多
Traditional p-type colloidal quantum dot(CQD)hole transport layers(HTLs)used in CQD solar cells(CQDSCs)are commonly based on organic ligands exchange and the layer-by-layer(LbL)technique.Nonetheless,the ligand detachm...Traditional p-type colloidal quantum dot(CQD)hole transport layers(HTLs)used in CQD solar cells(CQDSCs)are commonly based on organic ligands exchange and the layer-by-layer(LbL)technique.Nonetheless,the ligand detachment and complex fabrication process introduce surface defects,compromising device stability and efficiency.In this work,we propose a solution-phase ligand exchange(SPLE)method utilizing inorganic ligands to develop stable p-type lead sulfide(PbS)CQD inks for the first time.Various amounts of tin(Ⅱ)iodide(SnI_(2))were mixed with lead halide(PbX_(2);X=I,Br)in the ligand solution.By precisely controlling the SnI_(2)concentration,we regulate the transition of PbS QDs from n-type to p-type.PbS CQDSCs were fabricated using two different HTL approaches:one with 1,2-ethanedithiol(EDT)-passivated QDs via the LbL method(control)and another with inorganic ligand-passivated QD ink(target).The target devices achieved a higher power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.93%,compared to 9.83%for the control devices.This improvement is attributed to reduced interfacial defects and enhanced carrier mobility.The proposed technique offers an efficient pathway for producing stable p-type PbS CQD inks using inorganic ligands,paving the way for high-performance and flexible CQD-based optoelectronic devices.展开更多
ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence(AI)language model that has demonstrated significant improvements in various natural language processing(NLP) tasks. However, like any technology, it presents potential sec...ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence(AI)language model that has demonstrated significant improvements in various natural language processing(NLP) tasks. However, like any technology, it presents potential security risks that need to be carefully evaluated and addressed. In this survey, we provide an overview of the current state of research on security of using ChatGPT, with aspects of bias, disinformation, ethics, misuse,attacks and privacy. We review and discuss the literature on these topics and highlight open research questions and future directions.Through this survey, we aim to contribute to the academic discourse on AI security, enriching the understanding of potential risks and mitigations. We anticipate that this survey will be valuable for various stakeholders involved in AI development and usage, including AI researchers, developers, policy makers, and end-users.展开更多
An upper estimate of the new curvature entropy is provided,via the integral inequality of a concave function.For two origin-symmetric convex bodies in R^(n),this bound is sharper than the log-Minkowski inequality of c...An upper estimate of the new curvature entropy is provided,via the integral inequality of a concave function.For two origin-symmetric convex bodies in R^(n),this bound is sharper than the log-Minkowski inequality of curvature entropy.As its application,a novel proof of the log-Minkowski inequality of curvature entropy in the plane is given.展开更多
Learning progressions divide the logical system of a subject into ordered and continuously developing levels that are suitable for the cognitive development level of students,which plays an important role in understan...Learning progressions divide the logical system of a subject into ordered and continuously developing levels that are suitable for the cognitive development level of students,which plays an important role in understanding students’learning process.This paper focuses on the theme of“kinetic energy”in high school physics as the research object.Firstly,the concept map was used to represent the relationship between knowledge,and then five core concepts were selected based on the opinions of high school teachers.Secondly,the test tools were compiled and tested based on the relevant test questions.Finally,the paper analyzed the results based on the Rasch model,clarified students’cognitive development level of“kinetic energy”and constructed the learning progressions of“kinetic energy”based on the logical order of subject knowledge.The research provides theoretical and methodological support for the study of other subjects and learning progressions,and provides a valuable reference for high school teachers to effectively carry out the instruction of“kinetic energy.”展开更多
Statistical characteristics and the classification of the topside ionospheric mid-latitude trough are systemically analyzed,using observations from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F18(DMSP-F18)satellite.T...Statistical characteristics and the classification of the topside ionospheric mid-latitude trough are systemically analyzed,using observations from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F18(DMSP-F18)satellite.The data was obtained at an altitude of around 860 km in near polar orbit,throughout 2013.Our study identified the auroral boundary based on the in-situ electron density and electron spectrum,allowing us to precisely determine the location of the mid-latitude trough.This differs from most previous works,which only use Total Electron Content(TEC)or in-situ electron density.In our study,the troughs exhibited a higher occurrence rate in local winter than in summer,and extended to lower latitudes with increasing geomagnetic activity.It was found that the ionospheric mid-latitude trough,which is associated with temperature changes or enhanced ion drift,exhibited distinct characteristics.Specifically,the ionospheric mid-latitude troughs related to electron temperature(Te)peak were located more equatorward of auroral oval boundary in winter than in summer.The ionospheric mid-latitude troughs related to Te-maximum were less frequently observed at 60−70°S magnetic latitude and 90−240°E longitude.Furthermore,the troughs related to ion temperature(Ti)maximums were observed at relatively higher latitudes,occurring more frequently in winter.In addition,the troughs related to ion velocity(Vi)maximums could be observed in all seasons.The troughs with the maximum-Ti and maximum-Vi were located closer to the equatorward boundary of the auroral oval at the nightside,and in both hemispheres.This implies that enhanced ion drift velocity contributes to increased collisional frictional heating and enhanced ion temperatures,resulting in a density depletion within the trough region.展开更多
This study investigates the innovative reuse of sewage sludge with eco-friendly alkaline solutes to improve clayey soil without conventional cementitious binders.The unconfined compressive strength(UCS)was the main cr...This study investigates the innovative reuse of sewage sludge with eco-friendly alkaline solutes to improve clayey soil without conventional cementitious binders.The unconfined compressive strength(UCS)was the main criterion to assess the quality and effectiveness of the proposed solutions,as this test was performed to measure the strength of the stabilized clay by varying binders’dosages and curing times.Moreover,the direct shear test(DST)was used to investigate the Mohr-Coulomb parameters of the treated soil.Microstructure observations of the natural and treated soil were conducted using scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and FTIR.Furthermore,toxicity characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP)tests were performed on the treated soil to investigate the leachability of metals.According to the results,using 2.5%of sewage sludge activated by NaOH and Na_(2)SiO_(3)increases the UCS values from 176 kPa to 1.46 MPa after 7 d and 56 d of curing,respectively.The results of the DST indicate that sewage sludge as a precursor increases cohesion and enhances frictional resistance,thereby improving the Mohr-Coulomb parameters of the stabilized soil.The SEM micrographs show that alkali-activated sewage sludge increases the integrity and reduces the cavity volumes in the stabilized soil.Moreover,TCLP tests revealed that the solubility of metals in the treated soil alkaliactivated by sewage sludge significantly decreased.This study suggests that using sewage sludge can replace cement and lime in ground improvement,improve the circular economy,and reduce the carbon footprint of construction projects.展开更多
Laser-directed energy deposition(L-DED)is an advanced additive manufacturing technology primarily adopted in metal three-dimensional printing systems.The L-DED process is characterized by various defects,thus necessit...Laser-directed energy deposition(L-DED)is an advanced additive manufacturing technology primarily adopted in metal three-dimensional printing systems.The L-DED process is characterized by various defects,thus necessitating the extensive use of in-situ monitoring to enable real-time adjustments of process parameters by detecting molten-pool features.To address the challenge of accurately extracting the molten-pool morphology from an undetached spatter,an innovative monitoring method based on the U-Net(U-shaped network)is proposed herein.A lightweight architecture accelerates the processing speed,whereas an enhanced loss function incorporating weight maps augments the segmentation precision.The model performance is evaluated by comparing its segmentation accuracy and processing speed with those of the conventional U-Net,using the mean intersection over union(MIoU)as the segmentation metric.The improved model demonstrates superior segmentation accuracy at the interface between the molten pool and spatter,with a peak MIoU of 0.9798 achieved on the test set.Furthermore,this model processes each image in an extremely short time of 17.9 ms.Using this segmentation algorithm,the error in extracting the molten-pool width from single-track experiments is within 0.1 mm.The proposed method for monitoring the molten-pool morphology is suitable for deployment in online monitoring systems,thus providing a foundation for subsequent process-parameter regulation.展开更多
Soil moisture(SM)is a critical variable in terrestrial ecosystems,especially in arid and semi-arid areas where water sources are limited.Despite its importance,understanding the spatiotemporal variations and influenci...Soil moisture(SM)is a critical variable in terrestrial ecosystems,especially in arid and semi-arid areas where water sources are limited.Despite its importance,understanding the spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of SM in these areas remains insufficient.This study investigated the spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of SM in arid and semi-arid areas of China by utilizing the extended triple collation(ETC),Mann-Kendall test,Theil-Sen estimator,ridge regression analysis,and other relevant methods.The following findings were obtained:(1)at the pixel scale,the long-term monthly SM data from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative(ESA CCI)exhibited the highest correlation coefficient of 0.794 and the lowest root mean square error(RMSE)of 0.014 m^(3)/m^(3);(2)from 2000 to 2022,the study area experienced significant increase in annual average SM,with a rate of 0.408×10^(-3)m^(3)/(m^(3)•a).Moreover,higher altitudes showed a notable upward trend,with SM increasing rates at 0.210×10^(-3)m^(3)/(m^(3)•a)between 1000 and 2000 m,0.530×10^(-3)m^(3)/(m^(3)•a)between 2000 and 4000 m,and 0.760×10^(-3)m^(3)/(m^(3)•a)at altitudes above 4000 m;(3)land surface temperature(LST),root zone soil moisture(RSM)(10-40 cm depth),and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)were identified as the primary factors influencing annual average SM,which accounted for 34.37%,24.16%,and 22.64%relative contributions,respectively;and(4)absolute contribution of LST was more significant in subareas at higher altitudes,with average absolute contributions of 0.800×10^(-3)m^(3)/(m^(3)•a)between 2000 and 4000 m and 0.500×10^(-2) m^(3)/(m^(3)•a)above 4000 m.This study reveals the spatiotemporal variations and main influencing factors of SM in Chinese arid and semi-arid areas,highlighting the more pronounced absolute contribution of LST to SM in high-altitude areas,providing valuable insights for ecological research and water resource management in these areas.展开更多
文摘Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathological characteristics and molecular pathways associated with its progression.Advances in scientific research have increasingly highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.These non-coding RNAs regulate several biological processes critical to the advancement of the disease,offering promising potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease onset,with a particular focus on microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs associated with the disease.The review elucidates the potential pathogenic processes of Alzheimer's disease and provides a detailed description of the synthesis mechanisms of the three aforementioned non-coding RNAs.It comprehensively summarizes the various non-coding RNAs that have been identified to play key regulatory roles in Alzheimer's disease,as well as how these noncoding RNAs influence the disease's progression by regulating gene expression and protein functions.For example,miR-9 targets the UBE4B gene,promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of Tau protein,thereby reducing Tau accumulation and delaying Alzheimer's disease progression.Conversely,the long non-coding RNA BACE1-AS stabilizes BACE1 mRNA,promoting the generation of amyloid-βand accelerating Alzheimer's disease development.Additionally,circular RNAs play significant roles in regulating neuroinflammatory responses.By integrating insights from these regulatory mechanisms,there is potential to discover new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for early detection and management of Alzheimer's disease.This review aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and non-coding RNAs,potentially paving the way for early detection and novel treatment strategies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378181).
文摘The development of materials with excellent microwave absorption(MWA)and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performances has currently received attention.Herein,mesophase pitch-based carbon foam(MPCF)with 3D interconnected pore structure was prepared through the high pressure pyrolysis of mesophase coal tar pitch.It is found that the 3D interconnected cellular pores of MPCF facilitate multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves,which results in the minimum reflection loss(RLmin)value of MPCF reaches-37.84 dB with the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 5.44 GHz at a thickness of 2.70 mm,and the total average electromagnetic shielding effectiveness(SE_(T))under 3.00 mm thickness achieves 26.52 dB in X-band.Subsequently,MPCF is activated by KOH to obtain activated carbon foam(A-MPCF).The average SE_(T)of A-MPCF achieves 103.00 dB for abundant nanopores on the pore cell walls,which leads to a transition from the multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves on the walls to diffuse reflection.Unfortunately,the reflection coefficient(R)of A-MPCF increases from 0.78 to 0.90.To reduce the R value,Fe_(3)O_(4)/A-MPCF was fabricated via the in situ growth of nano Fe_(3)O_(4)on A-MPCF.Consequently,the R value of Fe_(3)O_(4)/A-MPCF was reduced from 0.90 to 0.74,whereas the MWA performance was only slightly decreased.This work proposes a simple strategy for simultaneously adjusting MWA and EMI shielding performances of materials.
基金funding from FCT(Fundagao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia,I.P.)under the projects LA/P/0037/2020,UIDP/50025/2020 and UIDB/50025/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute of Nanostructures,Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication-i3Nby the projects FlexSolar(PTDC/CTM-REF/1008/2020),and SpaceFlex(2022.01610.PTDC,DOI:10.54499/2022.01610.PTDC)+1 种基金supported by the project M-ECO2-Industrial Cluster for advanced biofuel production,Ref.C644930471-00000041,R2U Technologies and Befunding from the European Union via the project X-STREAM(Horizon EU,ERC CoG,No 101124803)the support of a fellowship from the"la Caixa"Foundation(ID 100010434)。
文摘Low-dimensional(LD)halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention due to their distinctive structures and exceptional optoelectronic properties,including high absorption coefficients,extended charge carrier diffusion lengths,suppressed non-radiative recombination rates,and intense photoluminescence.A key advantage of LD perovskites is the tunability of their optical and electronic properties through the precise optimization of their structural arrangements and dimensionality.This review systematically examines recent progress in the synthesis and optoelectronic characterizations of LD perovskites,focusing on their structural,optical,and photophysical properties that underpin their versatility in diverse applications.The review further summarizes advancements in LD perovskite-based devices,including resistive memory,artificial synapses,photodetectors,light-emitting diodes,and solar cells.Finally,the challenges associated with stability,scalability,and integration,as well as future prospects,are discussed,emphasizing the potential of LD perovskites to drive breakthroughs in device efficiency and industrial applicability.
基金supported by the Special Edu-cational Research Budget(Research Promotion)[FY2009]the Special Budget(Project)[FY2010 and later years]from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(MEXT),Japansupported by the GRENE Arctic Climate Change Research Project,Japan
文摘To comprehensively understand the Arctic and Antarctic upper atmosphere, it is often crucial to analyze various data that are obtained from many regions. Infrastructure that promotes such interdisciplinary studies on the upper atmosphere has been developed by a Japanese inter-university project called the Inter-university Upper atmosphere Global Observation Network （1UGONET）. The objective of this paper is to describe the infrastructure and tools developed by IUGONET. We focus on the data analysis software. It is written in Interactive Data Language （IDL） and is a plug-in for the THEMIS Data Analysis Software suite （TDAS）, which is a set of IDL libraries used to visualize and analyze satellite- and ground-based data. We present plots of upper atmospheric data provided by IUGONET as examples of applications, and verify the usefulness of the software in the study of polar science. We discuss IUGONET＇s new and unique developments, i.e., an executable file of TDAS that can run on the IDL Virtual Machine, IDL routines to retrieve metadata from the IUGONET database, and an archive of 3-D simulation data that uses the Common Data Format so that it can easily be used with TDAS.
基金Commission on Higher Education,K to 12 Transition Program Management Unit,under Discovery Applied Research and Extension for Trans/Interdisciplinary Opportunities(DARE TO)Grant-in-Aid 2017(Project Number:DARETO2-043)
文摘Objective:To identify the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis(STH)among school-age children in the Cagayan Valley,the Philippines,assess their level of awareness on the disease,and determine predisposing factors of the disease.Methods:A total of 478 GradesⅢ-Ⅴschool-age children in Pamplona and Sanchez-Mira School Districts in the Cagayan Valley answered the questionnaire assessing their knowledge,attitude,and practices on STH,subjected to anthropometric measurements,and provided faecal samples for parasitologic assessment(direct smear,Kato-Katz,and formol-ether concentration techniques).Results:The participants of the study,with 55.86%females,were 8 to 14 years old.Their nutritional status was assessed‘normal’(84.31%),‘severely wasted’(6.49%),‘wasted’(5.23%),‘overweight’(2.72%),and‘obese’(1.26%).The prevalence of infection with at least 1 STH species was 25.99%in Pamplona and 19.40%in SanchezMira.Overall,the prevalence of heavy intensity was 7.11%for Ascaris lumbricoides and 1.67%for Trichuris trichiura.All hookworm infections had light intensities.The majority of the school-age children had a low score in the KAP test.In knowledge of STH,‘stunted growth as a symptom of infection’was associated with a lower risk of Ascaris lumbricoides infection(OR 0.448;95%CI 0.212,0.945;P=0.035)while‘playing with soil as a mode of transmission’was associated with an increased risk of Ascaris lumbricoides infection(OR 2.067;95%CI 1.014,4.212;P=0.046).In attitude towards STH,‘I think I have intestinal worm now’was associated with a higher risk of Ascaris lumbricoides infection(OR 1.681;95%CI 1.061,2.662;P=0.027).Conclusions:The prevalence rate of Ascaris lumbricoides among the school-age children in the Cagayan Valley shows the need to further intensify intervention in the area to meet the threshold set by the World Health Organization.The identified predictors of infection,which concerns the school-age children’s knowledge and attitude toward STH,can be used in augmenting intervention programs in the future.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52071126)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City,China(22JCQNJC01240)+2 种基金Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(226Z1009G)Special Funds for Science and Technology Innovation in Hebei(2022X19)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2308085ME135)。
文摘Co-based alloy coating was prepared on Zr alloy using laser melting and cladding technique to study the difference in the high-temperature oxidation behavior between pure metal Co coatings and Co-T800 alloy coatings,as well as the wear resistance of the coatings.Besides,the effect of changing the laser melting process on the coatings was also investigated.The oxidation mass gain at 800–1200℃and the high-temperature oxidation behavior during high-temperature treatment for 1 h of two coated Zr alloy samples were studied.Results show that the Co coating and the Co-T800 coating have better resistance against high-temperature oxidation.After oxidizing at 1000℃for 1 h,the thickness of the oxide layer of the uncoated sample was 241.0μm,whereas that of the sample with Co-based coating is only 11.8–35.5μm.The friction wear test shows that the depth of the abrasion mark of the coated sample is only 1/2 of that of the substrate,indicating that the hardness and wear resistance of the Zr substrate are greatly improved.The disadvantage of Co-based coatings is the inferior corrosion resistance in 3.5wt%NaCl solution.
文摘Software security poses substantial risks to our society because software has become part of our life. Numerous techniques have been proposed to resolve or mitigate the impact of software security issues. Among them, software testing and analysis are two of the critical methods, which significantly benefit from the advancements in deep learning technologies. Due to the successful use of deep learning in software security, recently,researchers have explored the potential of using large language models(LLMs) in this area. In this paper, we systematically review the results focusing on LLMs in software security. We analyze the topics of fuzzing, unit test, program repair, bug reproduction, data-driven bug detection, and bug triage. We deconstruct these techniques into several stages and analyze how LLMs can be used in the stages. We also discuss the future directions of using LLMs in software security, including the future directions for the existing use of LLMs and extensions from conventional deep learning research.
基金supported by MEXT KAKENHI Grant(24K01295,26286013).
文摘Traditional p-type colloidal quantum dot(CQD)hole transport layers(HTLs)used in CQD solar cells(CQDSCs)are commonly based on organic ligands exchange and the layer-by-layer(LbL)technique.Nonetheless,the ligand detachment and complex fabrication process introduce surface defects,compromising device stability and efficiency.In this work,we propose a solution-phase ligand exchange(SPLE)method utilizing inorganic ligands to develop stable p-type lead sulfide(PbS)CQD inks for the first time.Various amounts of tin(Ⅱ)iodide(SnI_(2))were mixed with lead halide(PbX_(2);X=I,Br)in the ligand solution.By precisely controlling the SnI_(2)concentration,we regulate the transition of PbS QDs from n-type to p-type.PbS CQDSCs were fabricated using two different HTL approaches:one with 1,2-ethanedithiol(EDT)-passivated QDs via the LbL method(control)and another with inorganic ligand-passivated QD ink(target).The target devices achieved a higher power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.93%,compared to 9.83%for the control devices.This improvement is attributed to reduced interfacial defects and enhanced carrier mobility.The proposed technique offers an efficient pathway for producing stable p-type PbS CQD inks using inorganic ligands,paving the way for high-performance and flexible CQD-based optoelectronic devices.
文摘ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence(AI)language model that has demonstrated significant improvements in various natural language processing(NLP) tasks. However, like any technology, it presents potential security risks that need to be carefully evaluated and addressed. In this survey, we provide an overview of the current state of research on security of using ChatGPT, with aspects of bias, disinformation, ethics, misuse,attacks and privacy. We review and discuss the literature on these topics and highlight open research questions and future directions.Through this survey, we aim to contribute to the academic discourse on AI security, enriching the understanding of potential risks and mitigations. We anticipate that this survey will be valuable for various stakeholders involved in AI development and usage, including AI researchers, developers, policy makers, and end-users.
基金supported by the NSFC(12171378)supported by the Characteristic innovation projects of universities in Guangdong province(2023K-TSCX381)+3 种基金supported by the Young Top-Talent program of Chongqing(CQYC2021059145)the Major Special Project of NSFC(12141101)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJZD-K202200509)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0937).
文摘An upper estimate of the new curvature entropy is provided,via the integral inequality of a concave function.For two origin-symmetric convex bodies in R^(n),this bound is sharper than the log-Minkowski inequality of curvature entropy.As its application,a novel proof of the log-Minkowski inequality of curvature entropy in the plane is given.
基金Jilin Province Education Science“14th Five Year Plan”2021 Annual Project“Research on Middle School Physics Teaching Based on STEM Education Concept”(GH21032).
文摘Learning progressions divide the logical system of a subject into ordered and continuously developing levels that are suitable for the cognitive development level of students,which plays an important role in understanding students’learning process.This paper focuses on the theme of“kinetic energy”in high school physics as the research object.Firstly,the concept map was used to represent the relationship between knowledge,and then five core concepts were selected based on the opinions of high school teachers.Secondly,the test tools were compiled and tested based on the relevant test questions.Finally,the paper analyzed the results based on the Rasch model,clarified students’cognitive development level of“kinetic energy”and constructed the learning progressions of“kinetic energy”based on the logical order of subject knowledge.The research provides theoretical and methodological support for the study of other subjects and learning progressions,and provides a valuable reference for high school teachers to effectively carry out the instruction of“kinetic energy.”
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF0504400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42188101,42274195,42174193)+2 种基金the International Partnership Program Of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.183311KYSB20200003)the USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(YD2080002013)the Joint Open Fund of Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory(MENGO-202408).
文摘Statistical characteristics and the classification of the topside ionospheric mid-latitude trough are systemically analyzed,using observations from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F18(DMSP-F18)satellite.The data was obtained at an altitude of around 860 km in near polar orbit,throughout 2013.Our study identified the auroral boundary based on the in-situ electron density and electron spectrum,allowing us to precisely determine the location of the mid-latitude trough.This differs from most previous works,which only use Total Electron Content(TEC)or in-situ electron density.In our study,the troughs exhibited a higher occurrence rate in local winter than in summer,and extended to lower latitudes with increasing geomagnetic activity.It was found that the ionospheric mid-latitude trough,which is associated with temperature changes or enhanced ion drift,exhibited distinct characteristics.Specifically,the ionospheric mid-latitude troughs related to electron temperature(Te)peak were located more equatorward of auroral oval boundary in winter than in summer.The ionospheric mid-latitude troughs related to Te-maximum were less frequently observed at 60−70°S magnetic latitude and 90−240°E longitude.Furthermore,the troughs related to ion temperature(Ti)maximums were observed at relatively higher latitudes,occurring more frequently in winter.In addition,the troughs related to ion velocity(Vi)maximums could be observed in all seasons.The troughs with the maximum-Ti and maximum-Vi were located closer to the equatorward boundary of the auroral oval at the nightside,and in both hemispheres.This implies that enhanced ion drift velocity contributes to increased collisional frictional heating and enhanced ion temperatures,resulting in a density depletion within the trough region.
文摘This study investigates the innovative reuse of sewage sludge with eco-friendly alkaline solutes to improve clayey soil without conventional cementitious binders.The unconfined compressive strength(UCS)was the main criterion to assess the quality and effectiveness of the proposed solutions,as this test was performed to measure the strength of the stabilized clay by varying binders’dosages and curing times.Moreover,the direct shear test(DST)was used to investigate the Mohr-Coulomb parameters of the treated soil.Microstructure observations of the natural and treated soil were conducted using scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and FTIR.Furthermore,toxicity characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP)tests were performed on the treated soil to investigate the leachability of metals.According to the results,using 2.5%of sewage sludge activated by NaOH and Na_(2)SiO_(3)increases the UCS values from 176 kPa to 1.46 MPa after 7 d and 56 d of curing,respectively.The results of the DST indicate that sewage sludge as a precursor increases cohesion and enhances frictional resistance,thereby improving the Mohr-Coulomb parameters of the stabilized soil.The SEM micrographs show that alkali-activated sewage sludge increases the integrity and reduces the cavity volumes in the stabilized soil.Moreover,TCLP tests revealed that the solubility of metals in the treated soil alkaliactivated by sewage sludge significantly decreased.This study suggests that using sewage sludge can replace cement and lime in ground improvement,improve the circular economy,and reduce the carbon footprint of construction projects.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52305440,52204263)Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City(Grant Nos.kq2208272,kq2208274)+1 种基金Tribology Science Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment(Grant SKLTKF22B09)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3706902).
文摘Laser-directed energy deposition(L-DED)is an advanced additive manufacturing technology primarily adopted in metal three-dimensional printing systems.The L-DED process is characterized by various defects,thus necessitating the extensive use of in-situ monitoring to enable real-time adjustments of process parameters by detecting molten-pool features.To address the challenge of accurately extracting the molten-pool morphology from an undetached spatter,an innovative monitoring method based on the U-Net(U-shaped network)is proposed herein.A lightweight architecture accelerates the processing speed,whereas an enhanced loss function incorporating weight maps augments the segmentation precision.The model performance is evaluated by comparing its segmentation accuracy and processing speed with those of the conventional U-Net,using the mean intersection over union(MIoU)as the segmentation metric.The improved model demonstrates superior segmentation accuracy at the interface between the molten pool and spatter,with a peak MIoU of 0.9798 achieved on the test set.Furthermore,this model processes each image in an extremely short time of 17.9 ms.Using this segmentation algorithm,the error in extracting the molten-pool width from single-track experiments is within 0.1 mm.The proposed method for monitoring the molten-pool morphology is suitable for deployment in online monitoring systems,thus providing a foundation for subsequent process-parameter regulation.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(252300421290)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771438)+1 种基金the Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)of Henan University(22IRTSTHN010)the Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project of Henan Province(HNYJS2020JD14).
文摘Soil moisture(SM)is a critical variable in terrestrial ecosystems,especially in arid and semi-arid areas where water sources are limited.Despite its importance,understanding the spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of SM in these areas remains insufficient.This study investigated the spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of SM in arid and semi-arid areas of China by utilizing the extended triple collation(ETC),Mann-Kendall test,Theil-Sen estimator,ridge regression analysis,and other relevant methods.The following findings were obtained:(1)at the pixel scale,the long-term monthly SM data from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative(ESA CCI)exhibited the highest correlation coefficient of 0.794 and the lowest root mean square error(RMSE)of 0.014 m^(3)/m^(3);(2)from 2000 to 2022,the study area experienced significant increase in annual average SM,with a rate of 0.408×10^(-3)m^(3)/(m^(3)•a).Moreover,higher altitudes showed a notable upward trend,with SM increasing rates at 0.210×10^(-3)m^(3)/(m^(3)•a)between 1000 and 2000 m,0.530×10^(-3)m^(3)/(m^(3)•a)between 2000 and 4000 m,and 0.760×10^(-3)m^(3)/(m^(3)•a)at altitudes above 4000 m;(3)land surface temperature(LST),root zone soil moisture(RSM)(10-40 cm depth),and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)were identified as the primary factors influencing annual average SM,which accounted for 34.37%,24.16%,and 22.64%relative contributions,respectively;and(4)absolute contribution of LST was more significant in subareas at higher altitudes,with average absolute contributions of 0.800×10^(-3)m^(3)/(m^(3)•a)between 2000 and 4000 m and 0.500×10^(-2) m^(3)/(m^(3)•a)above 4000 m.This study reveals the spatiotemporal variations and main influencing factors of SM in Chinese arid and semi-arid areas,highlighting the more pronounced absolute contribution of LST to SM in high-altitude areas,providing valuable insights for ecological research and water resource management in these areas.
