Determining the area occupied by a crop is a prerequisite for estimating agricultural production in a region, and such information at present can be generated from satellite remote sensing systems. This study uses mul...Determining the area occupied by a crop is a prerequisite for estimating agricultural production in a region, and such information at present can be generated from satellite remote sensing systems. This study uses multitemporal NDVI images of SPOT-VEGETATION with a 1 km spatial resolution to estimate the wheat area in Córdoba Province, Argentina, and to assess 2 generic digital classification procedures based on crop phenological behavior. The Characteristic Phenology Behavior Method (CPBM) uses the contrast each year between typical values of NDVI variation in the wheat crop season and those of the area not occupied by active vegetation;while the other procedure, the Reference Curve Method (RCM), assesses the correspondence in each pixel between the observed sequence of NDVI from seeding to physiological maturity, compared with 4 curves of reference. The CPBM 2 procedure, which uses the amplitude of NDVI between sowing and heading (ampsh), produces estimates that correlate better with the observed record, with approximately 70% (P s the state reports at about 5%. On the other hand, RCM using Curve 1 explains 50% (P sh in the model with the minimum NDVI during physiological maturity stage (minpm) produced a deterioration of estimation, with R2 reduced to 0.37 (P 2 of 0.61 (P ed the linear relationship between observed and estimated with a slope that did not approach 1. RCM classification models reach a predictive performance similar to that shown in Río Segundo, with R2 values close to 0.50展开更多
The present work analyzes daily minimum (Tmin) and maximum (Tmax) temperature series from Córdoba Observatory weather station, which is located near the center of the city of Córdoba, Argentina, and from the...The present work analyzes daily minimum (Tmin) and maximum (Tmax) temperature series from Córdoba Observatory weather station, which is located near the center of the city of Córdoba, Argentina, and from the Pajas Blancas and Pilar observatories, in order to have a reference counterpart of regional climate. The air temperature in Córdoba city during 1960-2010 period shows lower/higher frequency of Tmin categories lower/higher than 15°C, with respect to rural thermal conditions. Tmax categories higher/lower than 30°C, in turn, presented higher/lower frequency in the city. While the mean annual Tmin showed a significant positive trend in the entire region in the study period, Tmax presented no significant changes over time. The difference between urban and rural thermal regimes remained uniform throughout the study period, so the process of urbanization does not seem to have changed the Urban heat island status measure from Córdoba Observatory, even though the population of the metropolis has doubled. Although nocturnal thermal conditions have changed over the period, particularly in urban areas, there has been no change in the regime of extreme daytime temperatures across the region. The annual mean Tmin increase is not monotonic, but presents a significant positive partial trend until a breakpoint around 1990, and then becomes neutral or negative and loses significance. For the annual mean Tmax, the partial trend slopes are not significant in any case, so the variation of annual mean thermal amplitude is due mainly to the increase of the Tmin, probably associated with increased rainfall in the region.展开更多
The objective of this study consisted in the characterization of morphological variability presented in the Prosopis population in the corridor that unites the semiarid with the arid region in Argentina. In this regio...The objective of this study consisted in the characterization of morphological variability presented in the Prosopis population in the corridor that unites the semiarid with the arid region in Argentina. In this region, four species of Prosopis get in contact (P. chilensis, P. flexuosa, P. alba and P. nigra). Due to the fact that these species make fertile hybrids, this corridor has an enormous diversity. The mother’s allowed the differentiation of five morphologic groups, which from the point of view of classic taxonomy have been classified in 16 taxa. Only groups 3 and 4 presented intermediate characteristics. The morphologic study of the descendants showed that the regrouping of the intermediate groups had a high error rate. This fact reaffirms the condition of intermediate groups. The canonical correlation analysis between the morphologic variables of the mothers and the seedlings revealed that each morphologic group had its own association of canonical variables between mothers and their seedlings, and that the variability observed in the set of the mothers and their seedlings follows a certain order. The enormous existing morphologic diversity in the Prosopis populations of the semi-arid Chaco of the north of Córdoba and southeast of Santiago del Estero was ordered in five morphologic groups. The descendant’s morphologic studies confirmed the existence of the defined morphologic-genetic groups.展开更多
Chlamydia trachomatis (C.tr) infections are the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide. They are often asymptomatic and therefore underdiagnosed as there is no routine screening surveillanc...Chlamydia trachomatis (C.tr) infections are the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide. They are often asymptomatic and therefore underdiagnosed as there is no routine screening surveillance. This case supports the possibility of sexual abuse as a route of transmission of C.tr. It is well known that nearly one third of sexually assaulted children are at risk for infection by a sexually transmitted agent. This is why in cases of sexual abuse, it is standardized that C.tr positive results by Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques (NAATs) should be confirmed looking for another C.tr target;for this reason, we used a Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) directed to cryptic plasmid of C.tr. Confirmation was specified by the use of another PCR with a different genetic target (ompA) and sequencing. We concluded that our patient’s oral lesions were probably originated by her father’s sexual abuse.展开更多
The Sierras de Cordoba are the easternmost uplifted ranges of the Sierras Pampeanas geological province of Argentina. They are composed of a Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic basement arranged in north-south aligned mountain r...The Sierras de Cordoba are the easternmost uplifted ranges of the Sierras Pampeanas geological province of Argentina. They are composed of a Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic basement arranged in north-south aligned mountain ranges, limited by west-vergent reverse faults, reactivated or formed by compressive tectonics during the Andean orogeny. The ranges are also affected by oblique subvertical lineaments,probably related to pan-Gondwanan structures. The recorded seismicity shows anomalously deep earthquakes（up to 80 km depth） concentrated in the northwestern area. We attribute this seismicity to the current tectonic activity of the Ojo de Agua Lineament. This lineament is a N13°-135° strike, 70°-80° NE dip,macrostructure with more than 80 km depth and 160 km length. A sinistral transcompressional kinematics（convergent oblique shear） is deduced by the focal mechanism of a deep earthquake, together with hydrological and geomorphological features strongly modified. The continental lithosphere under the Sierras de Cordoba would be colder and more rigid than in a normal subduction area, due to the retraction of the asthenospheric wedge to the foreland, causing seismicity to depths greater than 40 km, below the Mohorovicic discontinuity. Neogene volcanism would be closely related to this lineament, allowing the rapid ascent of melts from the mantle.展开更多
The evolutionary dynamics of the ecoregions of southern South America and the species that inhabit them have been poorly studied,and few biogeographic hypotheses have been proposed and tested.Quaternary climatic oscil...The evolutionary dynamics of the ecoregions of southern South America and the species that inhabit them have been poorly studied,and few biogeographic hypotheses have been proposed and tested.Quaternary climatic oscillations are among the most important processes that have led to the current distribution of genetic variation in different regions of the world.In this work,we studied the evolutionary history and distribution of the Córdoba vesper mouse(Calomys venustus),a characteristic rodent of the region of which little is known about its natural history.Since the population dynamics of this species are influenced by climatic factors,this rodent is a suitable model to study the effects of Quaternary climatic oscillations in central Argentina.The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was sequenced to analyze the phylogeography of C.venustus,and ecological niche modeling tools were used to map its potential distributions.The results of these approaches were combined to provide additional spatially explicit information about this species’past.Our results suggest that the Espinal was the area of origin of this species,which expanded demographically and spatially during the last glacial period.A close relationship was found between the Espinal and the Mountain Chaco.These results are consistent with previous studies and emphasize the role of the Espinal in the biogeographic history of southern South America as an area of origin of several species.展开更多
To improve crop yields,global food production needs sustainable agronomic tools like Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria(PGPR).Region-adapted PGPR strains are crucial to increasing peanut production.Argentina is the ...To improve crop yields,global food production needs sustainable agronomic tools like Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria(PGPR).Region-adapted PGPR strains are crucial to increasing peanut production.Argentina is the seventh-largest peanut producer,and Cordoba is the main region with 250,000 ha(75%of the total sowing area).This study aimed to isolate,identify,and characterize the biocontrol and growth promotion capacity of PGPR strains belonging to the Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera.The strains were tested against Sclerotinia minor,Sclerotium rolfsii,Fusarium verticillioides,and Aspergillus flavus for biocontrol assays.For growth promotion,pot trials used two peanut cultivars,ASEM 400 INTA and Granoleico,under 40%and 60%field capacity under two water regimes.The isolated strains were Bacillus velezensis,B.subtilis,B.tequilensis,B.safensis,B.altitudinis,and Pseudomonas psychrophila.These strains demonstrated in-vitro phosphorus solubilization,nitrogen fixation,ammonification,nitrification,enzyme releasing,phytohormones production,and high biocontrol capacity of over 75%.SC6 and RI3(both B.velezensis)and P10(P.psychrophila)exhibited outstanding performance.They significantly promoted peanut root biomass by more than 50%and leaf area by 30%,with increased chlorophyll content index and leaf relative water content,particularly under water stress conditions(40%field capacity).According to the results,RI3,SC6,and P10 could be classified as PGPR,which supports the results obtained in other field studies with these same microorganisms.Future investigations should prioritize the development of industrial formulations to assess their effectiveness in alternative crops and to incorporate them into other agricultural practices.展开更多
Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of•OH radicals with a series of fluoroesters were studied for the first time at 298±3 K and atmospheric pressure.Relative rate coefficients were determined by in situ FTIR spec...Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of•OH radicals with a series of fluoroesters were studied for the first time at 298±3 K and atmospheric pressure.Relative rate coefficients were determined by in situ FTIR spectroscopy in nitrogen and GC-FID in air to monitor the decay of reactants and references.The following coefficient values(in 10^(−12)cm^(3)/(molecule•sec))were obtained for ethyl fluoroacetate(EFA),ethyl 4,4,4-trifluorobutyrate(ETB),and butyl fluoroacetate(BFA),respectively:k_(1)(EFA+OH)=1.15±0.25 by FTIR and 1.34±0.23 by GC-FID;k_(2)(ETB+OH)=1.61±0.36 by FTIR and 2.02±0.30 by GC-FID;k_(3)(BFA+OH)=2.24±0.37 by FTIR.Reactivity trends were developed and correlated with the number of CH_(3)and F substituents in the fluoroester,and structure-activity relationships(SARs)calculations were performed.In addition,the tropospheric lifetimes of EFA,ETB,and BFA upon degradation by OH radicals were calculated to be 9,6,and 5 days,respectively,indicating that these fluorinated compounds could have a possible regional effect from the emission source.Relatively small photochemical ozone creation potentials of 9,7,and 19 were estimated for EFA,ETB,and BFA,respectively.The GlobalWarming Potentials(GWPs)for EFA,ETB,and BFA were calculated for different time horizons.For a 20-year time horizon,the GWPs were 1.393,0.063,and 0.062,respectively.In the case of a 100-year time horizon,the GWPs were 0.379,0.017,and 0.017,and for a 500-year time horizon,the GWPs were 0.108,0.005,and 0.005 for EFA,ETB,and BFA.展开更多
Rate coefficients of the gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms with a series of fluorinated diketones(FDKs):CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH_(3)(TFP),CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH_(2)CH_(3)(TFH)and CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH(CH_(3))2(TFMH),have...Rate coefficients of the gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms with a series of fluorinated diketones(FDKs):CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH_(3)(TFP),CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH_(2)CH_(3)(TFH)and CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH(CH_(3))2(TFMH),have been measured at(298±2)K and under atmospheric pressure.The experiments were performed using the relative-rate method with a GC-FID detection system.From different determinations and references used,the following rate coefficients were obtained(in cm3/(molecule·sec)):k_(4)(TFP+Cl)=(1.75±0.21)×10^(−10),k_(5)(TFH+Cl)=(2.05±0.23)×10^(−10),k_(6)(TFMH+Cl)=(2.71±0.34)×10^(−10).Reactivity trends of FDKs were discussed and Free Energy Relationships analysis was developed.The expression lgkOH=1.68 lgkCl+5.71 was obtained for the reactivity of the studied FDKs together with similar unsaturated VOCs with Cl and OH radicals Additionally,acetic acid(CH_(3)C(O)OH)and trifluoroacetic acid(CF_(3)C(O)OH)were positively identified and quantified as degradation products using in situ FTIR spectroscopy.According to the identified products,atmospheric chemical mechanisms were proposed.The atmospheric implications of the studied reactions were assessed by the estimation of the tropospheric lifetimes of TFP,TFH,and TFMH concerning their reaction with Cl atoms to be 48,41,and 31 hours,respectively.The relatively short residence in the atmosphere of the fluorocarbons studied will have a local/regional impact with restricted transport.Global warming potential(GWP(20 yr))calculated for the studied fluoro diketones were 0.014,0.003 and 0.001 for TFP,TFH and TFMH,respectively with a negligible contribution to the greenhouse effect.展开更多
Background The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of commercially processed former foodstuffs(cFF)as dietary substitutes of corn,soybean meal and soybean oil on the growth performance,apparent total trac...Background The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of commercially processed former foodstuffs(cFF)as dietary substitutes of corn,soybean meal and soybean oil on the growth performance,apparent total tract digestibil-ity(ATTD),hematobiochemical profiles,and liver gene abundance in broiler chickens.Two hundred one-day-old male ROSS-308 chicks were assigned to 4 dietary groups(5 replicates of ten birds per replicate)according to their average body weight(BW,38.0±0.11 g).All groups received a two-phase feeding program:starter,d 1–12 and grower,d 12–33.The control group(cFF0)was fed a standard commercial feed based on corn,soybean meal and soybean oil.The other three groups received diets in which the feed based on corn,soybean meal,and soybean oil was partially replaced with cFF at a substitution level of 6.25%(cFF6.25),12.5%(cFF12.5)or 25%(cFF25)for the following 33 d.Results The growth performance data showed no differences in BW or average daily gain among groups,although the average daily feed intake decreased during the grower period(12–33 d)and over entire experimental period(1–33 d)in a linear manner as the cFF inclusion level rose(P=0.026),positively affecting the gain to feed ratio(P=0.001).The ATTD of dry matter of the cFF-fed groups were greater with respect to control group and increased throughout the experimental period,whereas the ATTD of ether extract linearly decreased with increasing levels of cFF-fed groups compared with control group and throughout the experimental period(P<0.05).Additionally,a lin-ear increase in the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio,serum cholesterol,triglycerides and alanine-aminotransferase were observed with increasing dietary levels of cFF(P<0.05);however,no differences were observed in lipoprotein lipase or sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor gene abundance.Conclusions The results of this experiment demonstrate that it is possible to incorporate cFF into nutritionally balanced diets for broiler chickens,even up to 25%substitution levels,for up to 33 d without adversely impacting the overall growth performance of male broiler chickens raised under commercial conditions.Further studies are essential to validate the hematological trait findings.展开更多
Anthropogenic disturbances are causing significant impacts on plant distribution worldwide,and many of these effects are driven by changes in the recruitment patterns of plant species.Global warming and land-use chang...Anthropogenic disturbances are causing significant impacts on plant distribution worldwide,and many of these effects are driven by changes in the recruitment patterns of plant species.Global warming and land-use change are two major disturbances leading to changes in germination strategies by changing both soil temperature regimes and light quality reaching the seeds due to soil disturbance.Investigating the range,overlap,and redundancy of niche germination of co-occurring plant species allows us to understand whether endemic species are threatened either by native non-endemic or by alien species,especially in an ecosystem of restricted distribution such as the campo rupestre.Employing a systematic review,this study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature increase and seed burial on the germination of endemic and non-endemic species in the campo rupestre in Brazil.We performed a metaanalysis using increased temperature and darkness as proxies for the impact of disturbance on germination patterns.In this context,we hypothesized that:increased temperature and darkness negatively influence the germination of native species and positively influence the germination of alien species in the campo rupestre.Specifically,we expect the negative effect to be more pronounced in endemic species than in native non-endemic species.Moreover,we intend to describe the role of seed size in the germination of native and alien species from campo rupestre in the context of increased temperature and darkness.Our analysis showed that increased temperature influenced the germination of alien species by ca.55%,while it did not influence the germination of endemic or native non-endemic species.Furthermore,the germination of alien species under higher temperatures was promoted by increasing seed size.Darkness negatively influenced seed germination of native species,independent of their distribution.Moreover,under darkness conditions,the germination of endemic seeds decreased with seed size.Through their direct effects on germination strategies,we conclude that warming temperatures and land-use change can lead to a long-term displacement of endemic species by native non-endemic and alien species in campo rupestre,thus compromising ecosystem services and conservation of these fragile physiognomies in the near future.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide,responsible for approximately 900000 deaths annually.Inflammation and malnutrition significa...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide,responsible for approximately 900000 deaths annually.Inflammation and malnutrition significantly influence patients'responses to treatment.Markers such as serum albumin concentration,the prognostic nutritional index,nutritional risk index(NRI),geriatric NRI,and the systemic immune-inflammation index enable the early identification of high-risk patients,facilitating timely interventions that can improve survival and reduce morbidity.A comprehensive understanding and application of these markers allow for better risk stratification in CRC patients,optimizing their management and outcomes.展开更多
Wetlands are unique ecological environments capable of harboring high biodiversity.However,urbanization can degrade,eliminate,or transformthese habitats.Although amphibians utilize habitats created by humans in urban ...Wetlands are unique ecological environments capable of harboring high biodiversity.However,urbanization can degrade,eliminate,or transformthese habitats.Although amphibians utilize habitats created by humans in urban landscapes,few studies have investigated the infuence of thehabitat quality on the life history of anurans.We assessed life history traits such as snout-vent length(SVL),body condition,and reproductiveinvestment in the South American common toad Rhinella arenarum,to determine whether urbanization is harmful or benefcial to this species.We sampled wetlands with different levels of urbanization in Río Cuarto city,Córdoba,Argentina.We recorded males with lower SVL in mediumurbanized wetlands and those with the highest SVL in both low and high urbanization categories,similar to what was found for body conditionswith males with low body conditions inhabiting wetlands with a medium degree of urbanization.In females,lower SVL was recorded in mediumurbanization and highest SVL in high and low urbanization.It is observed that females recorded in highly urbanized wetlands have a very lowbody condition.The reproductive investment parameters were not signifcantly different,but we observed an association between a greaternumber of eggs and clutch size with wetlands of low urbanization.These results show a variability of responses of R.arenarum to urbanization,which could be due to phenotypic plasticity in its life history parameters,allowing it to inhabit urban areas.Continuous monitoring of the speciesin these wetlands is needed to determine if these biological responses are temporary or persistent.展开更多
Creating economical and effective catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is essential for enhancing the efficiency of electrochemical water splitting.In this study,we designed a multicomponent heterogeneous i...Creating economical and effective catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is essential for enhancing the efficiency of electrochemical water splitting.In this study,we designed a multicomponent heterogeneous interfacial catalyst,Ni(OH)_(2)/NiCo(OH)_(6)@FeOOH,using a simple two-step method.In situ Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)measurements revealed the dynamic phase change occurring during the OER process.The FeOOH layer on Ni(OH)_(2)/NiCo(OH)_(6)altered the electronic structure,facilitating the emergence of the active NiOOH phase and markedly improving OER kinetics.Significantly,the Ni(OH)_(2)/NiCo(OH)_(6)@FeOOH 2:1 catalyst demonstrated a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2)at an overpotential of merely 208 mV,accompanied by a Tafel slope of 37.72 mV·dec-1,exhibiting exceptional stability over a duration of 100 h at 10 mA·cm^(-2).Furthermore,the Ni(OH)_(2)/NiCo(OH)_(6)@FeOOH 2:1(+)lIPt/C(-)electrolyzer cell showcased a remarkably low driving voltage of 1.52 V to achieve 10 mA·cm^(-2),while also displaying impressive durability under alkaline conditions for over100 h.This work enhances our understanding of the interfacial structure-activity relationship in composite catalysts,aiding the design of efficient catalysts with rapid kinetics.展开更多
BACKGROUND Approval of teduglutide is an important addition to the limited treatment options for short bowel syndrome(SBS).However,real-world evidence on teduglutide therapy for SBS in Latin America is scarce.AIM To i...BACKGROUND Approval of teduglutide is an important addition to the limited treatment options for short bowel syndrome(SBS).However,real-world evidence on teduglutide therapy for SBS in Latin America is scarce.AIM To investigate the effectiveness and safety of teduglutide in clinical practice in Argentina with a 24-week follow-up.METHODS This non-interventional multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients(aged≥1 years)with SBS who were dependent on parenteral support(PS)and received≥1 dose of teduglutide according to currently approved indications.RESULTS The study population(n=45)included 21 adult and 24 pediatric patients.The proportion of adult and pediatric patients who showed clinical response(defined as a≥20%reduction in weekly PS volume)after 24 weeks of treatment was 90.4%[95%confidence interval(CI):69.6%-98.8%]and 83.3%(95%CI:62.6%-95.2%),respectively.Overall,12 patients(26.6%;95%CI:14.6-41.9)were weaned from PS support at the 24-week assessment,6(28.5%;95%CI:11.5-52.1)in the adult cohort,and 6(25%;95%CI:9.7-46.7)in the pediatric cohort.Only baseline PS requirement was inversely associated with weaning from PS(P=0.025).The most frequently reported treatmentemergent adverse events(TEAEs)were mild to moderate abdominal pain and abdominal distension(16.6%;and 9.5%,respectively).None of the reported TEAEs led to treatment discontinuation.CONCLUSION This prospective real-world study demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of teduglutide in adult and pediatric patients with SBS in Argentina.The clinical response observed in both adults and pediatric patients was greater than that reported in phase 3 trials and was consistent with the results of other real-world studies.展开更多
Intestinal Ca2+ absorption is a crucial physiological process for maintaining bone mineralization and Ca2+ homeostasis. It occurs through the transcellular and paracellular pathways. The first route comprises 3steps: ...Intestinal Ca2+ absorption is a crucial physiological process for maintaining bone mineralization and Ca2+ homeostasis. It occurs through the transcellular and paracellular pathways. The first route comprises 3steps: the entrance of Ca2+ across the brush border membranes(BBM) of enterocytes through epithelial Ca2+ channels TRPV6, TRPV5, and Cav1.3; Ca2+ movement from the BBM to the basolateral membranes by binding proteins with high Ca2+ affinity(such as CB9k); and Ca2+ extrusion into the blood. Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase(PMCA1b) and sodium calcium exchanger(NCX1) are mainly involved in the exit of Ca2+ from enterocytes. A novel molecule, the 4.1R protein, seems to be a partner of PMCA1 b, since both molecules colocalize and interact. The paracellular pathway consists of Ca2+ transport through transmembrane proteins of tight junction structures, such as claudins 2, 12, and 15. There is evidence of crosstalk between the transcellular and paracellular pathways in intestinal Ca2+ transport. When intestinal oxidative stress is triggered, there is a decrease in the expression of several molecules of both pathways that inhibit intestinal Ca2+ absorption. Normalization of redox status in the intestine with drugs such as quercetin, ursodeoxycholic acid, or melatonin return intestinal Ca2+ transport to control values. Calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D3] is the major controlling hormone of intestinal Ca2+ transport. It increases the gene and protein expression of most of the molecules involved in both pathways. PTH, thyroid hormones, estrogens, p ro l a c t i n, g ro w t h h o r m o n e, a n d g l u c o c o r t i c o i d s apparently also regulate Ca2+ transport by direct action, indirect mechanism mediated by the increase of renal 1,25(OH)2D3 production, or both. Different physiological conditions, such as growth, pregnancy, lactation, and aging, adjust intestinal Ca2+ absorption according to Ca2+ demands. Better knowledge of the molecular details of intestinal Ca2+ absorption could lead to the development of nutritional and medical strategies for optimizing the efficiency of intestinal Ca2+ absorption and preventing osteoporosis and other pathologies related to Ca2+ metabolism.展开更多
Neurons are the most extensive and polarized cells that display a unique single long axon and multiple dendrites, which are compartments exhibiting structural and functional differences. Polarity occurs early in neuro...Neurons are the most extensive and polarized cells that display a unique single long axon and multiple dendrites, which are compartments exhibiting structural and functional differences. Polarity occurs early in neuronal development and it is maintained by complex subcellular mechanisms throughout cell life. A well-defined and controlled spatio-temporal program of cellular and molecular events strictly regulates the formation of the axon and dendrites from a non-polarized cell. This event is critical for an adequate neuronal wiring and therefore for the normal functioning of the nervous system. Neuronal polarity is very sensitive to the harmful effects of different factors present in the environment. In this regard, rotenone is a crystalline, colorless and odorless isoflavone used as insecticide, piscicide and broad spectrum pesticide commonly used earlier in agriculture. In the present review we will summarize the toxicity mechanism caused by this pesticide in different neuronal cell types, focusing on a particular biological mechanism whereby rotenone could impair neuronal polarization in cultured hippocampal neurons. Recent advances suggest that the inhibition of axonogenesis produced by rotenone could be related with its effect on microtubule dynamics, the actin cytoskeleton and their regulatory pathways, particularly affecting the small RhoGTPase RhoA. Unveiling the mechanism by which rotenone produces neurotoxicity will be instrumental to understand the cellular mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases influenced by this environmental pollutant, which may lead to research focused on the design of new therapeutic strategies.展开更多
The disequilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen(ROS) and nitrogen(RNS) species and their elimination by protective mechanisms leads to oxidative stress. Mitochondria are the main source of ROS as by-produ...The disequilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen(ROS) and nitrogen(RNS) species and their elimination by protective mechanisms leads to oxidative stress. Mitochondria are the main source of ROS as by-products of electron transport chain. Most of the time the intestine responds adequately against the oxidative stress, but with aging or under conditions that exacerbate the ROS and/or RNS production, the defenses are not enough and contribute to developing intestinal pathologies. The endogenous antioxidant defense system in gut includes glutathione(GSH) and GSH-dependent enzymes as major components. When the ROS and/or RNS production is exacerbated, oxidative stress occurs and the intestinal Ca2+ absorption is inhibited. GSH depleting drugs such as DLbuthionine-S,R-sulfoximine, menadione and sodium deoxycholate inhibit the Ca2+ transport from lumen to blood by alteration in the protein expression and/or activity of molecules involved in the Ca2+ transcellular and paracellular pathways through mechanisms of oxidative stress, apoptosis and/or autophagy. Quercetin, melatonin, lithocholic and ursodeoxycholic acids block the effect of those drugs in experimental animals by their antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and/or anti-autophagic properties. Therefore, they may become drugs of choice for treatment of deteriorated intestinal Ca2+ absorption under oxidant conditions such as aging, diabetes, gut inflammation and other intestinal disorders.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases are caused by the progressive loss of specific neurons.The exact mechanisms of action of these diseases are unknown,and many studies have focused on pathways related to abnormal accumulation...Neurodegenerative diseases are caused by the progressive loss of specific neurons.The exact mechanisms of action of these diseases are unknown,and many studies have focused on pathways related to abnormal accumulation and processing of proteins,mitochondrial dysfunction,and oxidative stress leading to apoptotic death.However,a growing body of evidence indicates that aberrant cell cycle re-entry plays a major role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.The activation of the cell cycle in mature neurons could be promoted by several signaling mechanisms,including c-Jun N-terminal kinases,p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases,and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascades;post-translational modifications such as Tau-phosphorylation;and DNA damage response.In all these events,implicated Cdk5,a proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase,seems to be responsible for several cellular processes in neurons including axon growth,neurotransmission,synaptic plasticity,neuronal migration,and maintenance of neuronal survival.However,under pathological conditions,Cdk5 dysregulation may lead to cell cycle re-entry in post-mitotic neurons.Thus,Cdk5 hyperactivation,by its physiologic activator p25,hyper-phosphorylates downstream substrates related to neurodegenerative diseases.This review summarizes factors such as oxidative stress,DNA damage response,signaling pathway disturbance,and Ubiquitin proteasome malfunction contributing to cell cycle re-entry in post-mitotic neurons.It also describes how all these factors are linked to a greater or lesser extent with Cdk5.Thus,it offers a global vision of the function of cell cycle-related proteins in mature neurons with a focus on Cdk5 and how this protein contributes to the development of Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and Huntington’s disease by cell cycle activation.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a group of chronic diseases that includes ulcerative colitis,Crohn’s disease,and indeterminate colitis.Patients with IBD require prolonged treatment and high utilization of healthcar...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a group of chronic diseases that includes ulcerative colitis,Crohn’s disease,and indeterminate colitis.Patients with IBD require prolonged treatment and high utilization of healthcare resources for proper management.The treatment of patients with IBD is focused on achieving therapeutic goals including clinical,biochemical,and endoscopic variables that result in improvement of the quality of life and prevention of disability.Advanced IBD treatment includes tumor necrosis factor inhibitors,integrin antagonist,antagonist of the p40 subunit of interleukin 12/23,and small molecule drugs.However,despite the multiple treatments available,about 40%of patients are refractory to therapy and present with persistent symptoms that have a great impact on their quality of life,with hospitalization and surgery being necessary in many cases.Dual therapy,a strategy sometimes applicable to refractory IBD patients,includes the combination of two biologics or a biologic in combination with a small molecule drug.There are two distinct scenarios in IBD patients in which this approach can be used:(1)Refractory active luminal disease without extraintestinal manifestations;and(2)patients with IBD in remission,but with active extraintestinal manifestations or immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.This review provides a summary of the results(clinical response and remission)of different combinations of advanced drugs in patients with IBD,both in adults and in the pediatric population.In addition,the safety profile of different combinations of dual therapy is analyzed.The use of newer combinations,including recently approved treatments,the application of new biomarkers and artificial intelligence,and clinical trials to establish effectiveness during long-term followup,are needed to establish new strategies for the use of advanced treatments in patients with refractory IBD.展开更多
文摘Determining the area occupied by a crop is a prerequisite for estimating agricultural production in a region, and such information at present can be generated from satellite remote sensing systems. This study uses multitemporal NDVI images of SPOT-VEGETATION with a 1 km spatial resolution to estimate the wheat area in Córdoba Province, Argentina, and to assess 2 generic digital classification procedures based on crop phenological behavior. The Characteristic Phenology Behavior Method (CPBM) uses the contrast each year between typical values of NDVI variation in the wheat crop season and those of the area not occupied by active vegetation;while the other procedure, the Reference Curve Method (RCM), assesses the correspondence in each pixel between the observed sequence of NDVI from seeding to physiological maturity, compared with 4 curves of reference. The CPBM 2 procedure, which uses the amplitude of NDVI between sowing and heading (ampsh), produces estimates that correlate better with the observed record, with approximately 70% (P s the state reports at about 5%. On the other hand, RCM using Curve 1 explains 50% (P sh in the model with the minimum NDVI during physiological maturity stage (minpm) produced a deterioration of estimation, with R2 reduced to 0.37 (P 2 of 0.61 (P ed the linear relationship between observed and estimated with a slope that did not approach 1. RCM classification models reach a predictive performance similar to that shown in Río Segundo, with R2 values close to 0.50
文摘The present work analyzes daily minimum (Tmin) and maximum (Tmax) temperature series from Córdoba Observatory weather station, which is located near the center of the city of Córdoba, Argentina, and from the Pajas Blancas and Pilar observatories, in order to have a reference counterpart of regional climate. The air temperature in Córdoba city during 1960-2010 period shows lower/higher frequency of Tmin categories lower/higher than 15°C, with respect to rural thermal conditions. Tmax categories higher/lower than 30°C, in turn, presented higher/lower frequency in the city. While the mean annual Tmin showed a significant positive trend in the entire region in the study period, Tmax presented no significant changes over time. The difference between urban and rural thermal regimes remained uniform throughout the study period, so the process of urbanization does not seem to have changed the Urban heat island status measure from Córdoba Observatory, even though the population of the metropolis has doubled. Although nocturnal thermal conditions have changed over the period, particularly in urban areas, there has been no change in the regime of extreme daytime temperatures across the region. The annual mean Tmin increase is not monotonic, but presents a significant positive partial trend until a breakpoint around 1990, and then becomes neutral or negative and loses significance. For the annual mean Tmax, the partial trend slopes are not significant in any case, so the variation of annual mean thermal amplitude is due mainly to the increase of the Tmin, probably associated with increased rainfall in the region.
文摘The objective of this study consisted in the characterization of morphological variability presented in the Prosopis population in the corridor that unites the semiarid with the arid region in Argentina. In this region, four species of Prosopis get in contact (P. chilensis, P. flexuosa, P. alba and P. nigra). Due to the fact that these species make fertile hybrids, this corridor has an enormous diversity. The mother’s allowed the differentiation of five morphologic groups, which from the point of view of classic taxonomy have been classified in 16 taxa. Only groups 3 and 4 presented intermediate characteristics. The morphologic study of the descendants showed that the regrouping of the intermediate groups had a high error rate. This fact reaffirms the condition of intermediate groups. The canonical correlation analysis between the morphologic variables of the mothers and the seedlings revealed that each morphologic group had its own association of canonical variables between mothers and their seedlings, and that the variability observed in the set of the mothers and their seedlings follows a certain order. The enormous existing morphologic diversity in the Prosopis populations of the semi-arid Chaco of the north of Córdoba and southeast of Santiago del Estero was ordered in five morphologic groups. The descendant’s morphologic studies confirmed the existence of the defined morphologic-genetic groups.
文摘Chlamydia trachomatis (C.tr) infections are the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide. They are often asymptomatic and therefore underdiagnosed as there is no routine screening surveillance. This case supports the possibility of sexual abuse as a route of transmission of C.tr. It is well known that nearly one third of sexually assaulted children are at risk for infection by a sexually transmitted agent. This is why in cases of sexual abuse, it is standardized that C.tr positive results by Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques (NAATs) should be confirmed looking for another C.tr target;for this reason, we used a Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) directed to cryptic plasmid of C.tr. Confirmation was specified by the use of another PCR with a different genetic target (ompA) and sequencing. We concluded that our patient’s oral lesions were probably originated by her father’s sexual abuse.
基金The CONICET(PIP 00628,PUE 2016-CICTERRA)FONCyT(PID-00013)+1 种基金SECyT-UNC(05/1641)Institute of Aging are thanked for supporting our research
文摘The Sierras de Cordoba are the easternmost uplifted ranges of the Sierras Pampeanas geological province of Argentina. They are composed of a Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic basement arranged in north-south aligned mountain ranges, limited by west-vergent reverse faults, reactivated or formed by compressive tectonics during the Andean orogeny. The ranges are also affected by oblique subvertical lineaments,probably related to pan-Gondwanan structures. The recorded seismicity shows anomalously deep earthquakes（up to 80 km depth） concentrated in the northwestern area. We attribute this seismicity to the current tectonic activity of the Ojo de Agua Lineament. This lineament is a N13°-135° strike, 70°-80° NE dip,macrostructure with more than 80 km depth and 160 km length. A sinistral transcompressional kinematics（convergent oblique shear） is deduced by the focal mechanism of a deep earthquake, together with hydrological and geomorphological features strongly modified. The continental lithosphere under the Sierras de Cordoba would be colder and more rigid than in a normal subduction area, due to the retraction of the asthenospheric wedge to the foreland, causing seismicity to depths greater than 40 km, below the Mohorovicic discontinuity. Neogene volcanism would be closely related to this lineament, allowing the rapid ascent of melts from the mantle.
基金supported this study:Secretaría de Ciencia y Tecnología(SECyT-UNC 32720220400180CB)of Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica(PICT 2016-1328 and PICT 2019-1545).
文摘The evolutionary dynamics of the ecoregions of southern South America and the species that inhabit them have been poorly studied,and few biogeographic hypotheses have been proposed and tested.Quaternary climatic oscillations are among the most important processes that have led to the current distribution of genetic variation in different regions of the world.In this work,we studied the evolutionary history and distribution of the Córdoba vesper mouse(Calomys venustus),a characteristic rodent of the region of which little is known about its natural history.Since the population dynamics of this species are influenced by climatic factors,this rodent is a suitable model to study the effects of Quaternary climatic oscillations in central Argentina.The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was sequenced to analyze the phylogeography of C.venustus,and ecological niche modeling tools were used to map its potential distributions.The results of these approaches were combined to provide additional spatially explicit information about this species’past.Our results suggest that the Espinal was the area of origin of this species,which expanded demographically and spatially during the last glacial period.A close relationship was found between the Espinal and the Mountain Chaco.These results are consistent with previous studies and emphasize the role of the Espinal in the biogeographic history of southern South America as an area of origin of several species.
基金the Universidad Nacional de Co rdoba,Argentina,and the Secretaría de Cienciay Tecnología (UNC,SECyT) for the financial support of the CONSOLIDAR 2018–2022 project‘EFECTO DE LOS MICROORGANISMOS PROMOTORES DEL CRECIMIENTO SOBRE LA ECOFISIOLOGíA Y EL CONTROL DE ENFERMEDADES EN EL CULTIVO DE MANí.'the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) for the doctoral fellowshipthe University of Córdoba (Spain) for the support provided through the “Plan Propio de Investigación” 2020–2024。
文摘To improve crop yields,global food production needs sustainable agronomic tools like Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria(PGPR).Region-adapted PGPR strains are crucial to increasing peanut production.Argentina is the seventh-largest peanut producer,and Cordoba is the main region with 250,000 ha(75%of the total sowing area).This study aimed to isolate,identify,and characterize the biocontrol and growth promotion capacity of PGPR strains belonging to the Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera.The strains were tested against Sclerotinia minor,Sclerotium rolfsii,Fusarium verticillioides,and Aspergillus flavus for biocontrol assays.For growth promotion,pot trials used two peanut cultivars,ASEM 400 INTA and Granoleico,under 40%and 60%field capacity under two water regimes.The isolated strains were Bacillus velezensis,B.subtilis,B.tequilensis,B.safensis,B.altitudinis,and Pseudomonas psychrophila.These strains demonstrated in-vitro phosphorus solubilization,nitrogen fixation,ammonification,nitrification,enzyme releasing,phytohormones production,and high biocontrol capacity of over 75%.SC6 and RI3(both B.velezensis)and P10(P.psychrophila)exhibited outstanding performance.They significantly promoted peanut root biomass by more than 50%and leaf area by 30%,with increased chlorophyll content index and leaf relative water content,particularly under water stress conditions(40%field capacity).According to the results,RI3,SC6,and P10 could be classified as PGPR,which supports the results obtained in other field studies with these same microorganisms.Future investigations should prioritize the development of industrial formulations to assess their effectiveness in alternative crops and to incorporate them into other agricultural practices.
文摘Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of•OH radicals with a series of fluoroesters were studied for the first time at 298±3 K and atmospheric pressure.Relative rate coefficients were determined by in situ FTIR spectroscopy in nitrogen and GC-FID in air to monitor the decay of reactants and references.The following coefficient values(in 10^(−12)cm^(3)/(molecule•sec))were obtained for ethyl fluoroacetate(EFA),ethyl 4,4,4-trifluorobutyrate(ETB),and butyl fluoroacetate(BFA),respectively:k_(1)(EFA+OH)=1.15±0.25 by FTIR and 1.34±0.23 by GC-FID;k_(2)(ETB+OH)=1.61±0.36 by FTIR and 2.02±0.30 by GC-FID;k_(3)(BFA+OH)=2.24±0.37 by FTIR.Reactivity trends were developed and correlated with the number of CH_(3)and F substituents in the fluoroester,and structure-activity relationships(SARs)calculations were performed.In addition,the tropospheric lifetimes of EFA,ETB,and BFA upon degradation by OH radicals were calculated to be 9,6,and 5 days,respectively,indicating that these fluorinated compounds could have a possible regional effect from the emission source.Relatively small photochemical ozone creation potentials of 9,7,and 19 were estimated for EFA,ETB,and BFA,respectively.The GlobalWarming Potentials(GWPs)for EFA,ETB,and BFA were calculated for different time horizons.For a 20-year time horizon,the GWPs were 1.393,0.063,and 0.062,respectively.In the case of a 100-year time horizon,the GWPs were 0.379,0.017,and 0.017,and for a 500-year time horizon,the GWPs were 0.108,0.005,and 0.005 for EFA,ETB,and BFA.
文摘Rate coefficients of the gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms with a series of fluorinated diketones(FDKs):CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH_(3)(TFP),CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH_(2)CH_(3)(TFH)and CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH(CH_(3))2(TFMH),have been measured at(298±2)K and under atmospheric pressure.The experiments were performed using the relative-rate method with a GC-FID detection system.From different determinations and references used,the following rate coefficients were obtained(in cm3/(molecule·sec)):k_(4)(TFP+Cl)=(1.75±0.21)×10^(−10),k_(5)(TFH+Cl)=(2.05±0.23)×10^(−10),k_(6)(TFMH+Cl)=(2.71±0.34)×10^(−10).Reactivity trends of FDKs were discussed and Free Energy Relationships analysis was developed.The expression lgkOH=1.68 lgkCl+5.71 was obtained for the reactivity of the studied FDKs together with similar unsaturated VOCs with Cl and OH radicals Additionally,acetic acid(CH_(3)C(O)OH)and trifluoroacetic acid(CF_(3)C(O)OH)were positively identified and quantified as degradation products using in situ FTIR spectroscopy.According to the identified products,atmospheric chemical mechanisms were proposed.The atmospheric implications of the studied reactions were assessed by the estimation of the tropospheric lifetimes of TFP,TFH,and TFMH concerning their reaction with Cl atoms to be 48,41,and 31 hours,respectively.The relatively short residence in the atmosphere of the fluorocarbons studied will have a local/regional impact with restricted transport.Global warming potential(GWP(20 yr))calculated for the studied fluoro diketones were 0.014,0.003 and 0.001 for TFP,TFH and TFMH,respectively with a negligible contribution to the greenhouse effect.
基金Department of Veterinary Sciences“Ricerca Locale–Linea A”.
文摘Background The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of commercially processed former foodstuffs(cFF)as dietary substitutes of corn,soybean meal and soybean oil on the growth performance,apparent total tract digestibil-ity(ATTD),hematobiochemical profiles,and liver gene abundance in broiler chickens.Two hundred one-day-old male ROSS-308 chicks were assigned to 4 dietary groups(5 replicates of ten birds per replicate)according to their average body weight(BW,38.0±0.11 g).All groups received a two-phase feeding program:starter,d 1–12 and grower,d 12–33.The control group(cFF0)was fed a standard commercial feed based on corn,soybean meal and soybean oil.The other three groups received diets in which the feed based on corn,soybean meal,and soybean oil was partially replaced with cFF at a substitution level of 6.25%(cFF6.25),12.5%(cFF12.5)or 25%(cFF25)for the following 33 d.Results The growth performance data showed no differences in BW or average daily gain among groups,although the average daily feed intake decreased during the grower period(12–33 d)and over entire experimental period(1–33 d)in a linear manner as the cFF inclusion level rose(P=0.026),positively affecting the gain to feed ratio(P=0.001).The ATTD of dry matter of the cFF-fed groups were greater with respect to control group and increased throughout the experimental period,whereas the ATTD of ether extract linearly decreased with increasing levels of cFF-fed groups compared with control group and throughout the experimental period(P<0.05).Additionally,a lin-ear increase in the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio,serum cholesterol,triglycerides and alanine-aminotransferase were observed with increasing dietary levels of cFF(P<0.05);however,no differences were observed in lipoprotein lipase or sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor gene abundance.Conclusions The results of this experiment demonstrate that it is possible to incorporate cFF into nutritionally balanced diets for broiler chickens,even up to 25%substitution levels,for up to 33 d without adversely impacting the overall growth performance of male broiler chickens raised under commercial conditions.Further studies are essential to validate the hematological trait findings.
基金financial support from CNPq/Peld CRSC,Fapemig,CAPES,Anglo American,and Vale.
文摘Anthropogenic disturbances are causing significant impacts on plant distribution worldwide,and many of these effects are driven by changes in the recruitment patterns of plant species.Global warming and land-use change are two major disturbances leading to changes in germination strategies by changing both soil temperature regimes and light quality reaching the seeds due to soil disturbance.Investigating the range,overlap,and redundancy of niche germination of co-occurring plant species allows us to understand whether endemic species are threatened either by native non-endemic or by alien species,especially in an ecosystem of restricted distribution such as the campo rupestre.Employing a systematic review,this study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature increase and seed burial on the germination of endemic and non-endemic species in the campo rupestre in Brazil.We performed a metaanalysis using increased temperature and darkness as proxies for the impact of disturbance on germination patterns.In this context,we hypothesized that:increased temperature and darkness negatively influence the germination of native species and positively influence the germination of alien species in the campo rupestre.Specifically,we expect the negative effect to be more pronounced in endemic species than in native non-endemic species.Moreover,we intend to describe the role of seed size in the germination of native and alien species from campo rupestre in the context of increased temperature and darkness.Our analysis showed that increased temperature influenced the germination of alien species by ca.55%,while it did not influence the germination of endemic or native non-endemic species.Furthermore,the germination of alien species under higher temperatures was promoted by increasing seed size.Darkness negatively influenced seed germination of native species,independent of their distribution.Moreover,under darkness conditions,the germination of endemic seeds decreased with seed size.Through their direct effects on germination strategies,we conclude that warming temperatures and land-use change can lead to a long-term displacement of endemic species by native non-endemic and alien species in campo rupestre,thus compromising ecosystem services and conservation of these fragile physiognomies in the near future.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide,responsible for approximately 900000 deaths annually.Inflammation and malnutrition significantly influence patients'responses to treatment.Markers such as serum albumin concentration,the prognostic nutritional index,nutritional risk index(NRI),geriatric NRI,and the systemic immune-inflammation index enable the early identification of high-risk patients,facilitating timely interventions that can improve survival and reduce morbidity.A comprehensive understanding and application of these markers allow for better risk stratification in CRC patients,optimizing their management and outcomes.
基金Financial support was provided by Secretaría de Cienciay Técnica-Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto(SECyTUNRC,Grant PPI 18/C416)Fondo para la Investigación Científca y Tecnológica(FONCyT,Grant PICT BIDPICT 0981-20182530-2019).
文摘Wetlands are unique ecological environments capable of harboring high biodiversity.However,urbanization can degrade,eliminate,or transformthese habitats.Although amphibians utilize habitats created by humans in urban landscapes,few studies have investigated the infuence of thehabitat quality on the life history of anurans.We assessed life history traits such as snout-vent length(SVL),body condition,and reproductiveinvestment in the South American common toad Rhinella arenarum,to determine whether urbanization is harmful or benefcial to this species.We sampled wetlands with different levels of urbanization in Río Cuarto city,Córdoba,Argentina.We recorded males with lower SVL in mediumurbanized wetlands and those with the highest SVL in both low and high urbanization categories,similar to what was found for body conditionswith males with low body conditions inhabiting wetlands with a medium degree of urbanization.In females,lower SVL was recorded in mediumurbanization and highest SVL in high and low urbanization.It is observed that females recorded in highly urbanized wetlands have a very lowbody condition.The reproductive investment parameters were not signifcantly different,but we observed an association between a greaternumber of eggs and clutch size with wetlands of low urbanization.These results show a variability of responses of R.arenarum to urbanization,which could be due to phenotypic plasticity in its life history parameters,allowing it to inhabit urban areas.Continuous monitoring of the speciesin these wetlands is needed to determine if these biological responses are temporary or persistent.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52306142,52272202 and W2421027)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(No.202202AG050017-02)+2 种基金Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202101BE070001-017)the Science and Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Fund of China Coal Technology&Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.(Nos.2022-MS002 and 2023-TD-MS007)Bintuan Science and Technology Program(No.2022DB009)
文摘Creating economical and effective catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is essential for enhancing the efficiency of electrochemical water splitting.In this study,we designed a multicomponent heterogeneous interfacial catalyst,Ni(OH)_(2)/NiCo(OH)_(6)@FeOOH,using a simple two-step method.In situ Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)measurements revealed the dynamic phase change occurring during the OER process.The FeOOH layer on Ni(OH)_(2)/NiCo(OH)_(6)altered the electronic structure,facilitating the emergence of the active NiOOH phase and markedly improving OER kinetics.Significantly,the Ni(OH)_(2)/NiCo(OH)_(6)@FeOOH 2:1 catalyst demonstrated a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2)at an overpotential of merely 208 mV,accompanied by a Tafel slope of 37.72 mV·dec-1,exhibiting exceptional stability over a duration of 100 h at 10 mA·cm^(-2).Furthermore,the Ni(OH)_(2)/NiCo(OH)_(6)@FeOOH 2:1(+)lIPt/C(-)electrolyzer cell showcased a remarkably low driving voltage of 1.52 V to achieve 10 mA·cm^(-2),while also displaying impressive durability under alkaline conditions for over100 h.This work enhances our understanding of the interfacial structure-activity relationship in composite catalysts,aiding the design of efficient catalysts with rapid kinetics.
基金Supported by Takeda Argentina SA,No.TAK-633-4003.
文摘BACKGROUND Approval of teduglutide is an important addition to the limited treatment options for short bowel syndrome(SBS).However,real-world evidence on teduglutide therapy for SBS in Latin America is scarce.AIM To investigate the effectiveness and safety of teduglutide in clinical practice in Argentina with a 24-week follow-up.METHODS This non-interventional multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients(aged≥1 years)with SBS who were dependent on parenteral support(PS)and received≥1 dose of teduglutide according to currently approved indications.RESULTS The study population(n=45)included 21 adult and 24 pediatric patients.The proportion of adult and pediatric patients who showed clinical response(defined as a≥20%reduction in weekly PS volume)after 24 weeks of treatment was 90.4%[95%confidence interval(CI):69.6%-98.8%]and 83.3%(95%CI:62.6%-95.2%),respectively.Overall,12 patients(26.6%;95%CI:14.6-41.9)were weaned from PS support at the 24-week assessment,6(28.5%;95%CI:11.5-52.1)in the adult cohort,and 6(25%;95%CI:9.7-46.7)in the pediatric cohort.Only baseline PS requirement was inversely associated with weaning from PS(P=0.025).The most frequently reported treatmentemergent adverse events(TEAEs)were mild to moderate abdominal pain and abdominal distension(16.6%;and 9.5%,respectively).None of the reported TEAEs led to treatment discontinuation.CONCLUSION This prospective real-world study demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of teduglutide in adult and pediatric patients with SBS in Argentina.The clinical response observed in both adults and pediatric patients was greater than that reported in phase 3 trials and was consistent with the results of other real-world studies.
文摘Intestinal Ca2+ absorption is a crucial physiological process for maintaining bone mineralization and Ca2+ homeostasis. It occurs through the transcellular and paracellular pathways. The first route comprises 3steps: the entrance of Ca2+ across the brush border membranes(BBM) of enterocytes through epithelial Ca2+ channels TRPV6, TRPV5, and Cav1.3; Ca2+ movement from the BBM to the basolateral membranes by binding proteins with high Ca2+ affinity(such as CB9k); and Ca2+ extrusion into the blood. Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase(PMCA1b) and sodium calcium exchanger(NCX1) are mainly involved in the exit of Ca2+ from enterocytes. A novel molecule, the 4.1R protein, seems to be a partner of PMCA1 b, since both molecules colocalize and interact. The paracellular pathway consists of Ca2+ transport through transmembrane proteins of tight junction structures, such as claudins 2, 12, and 15. There is evidence of crosstalk between the transcellular and paracellular pathways in intestinal Ca2+ transport. When intestinal oxidative stress is triggered, there is a decrease in the expression of several molecules of both pathways that inhibit intestinal Ca2+ absorption. Normalization of redox status in the intestine with drugs such as quercetin, ursodeoxycholic acid, or melatonin return intestinal Ca2+ transport to control values. Calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D3] is the major controlling hormone of intestinal Ca2+ transport. It increases the gene and protein expression of most of the molecules involved in both pathways. PTH, thyroid hormones, estrogens, p ro l a c t i n, g ro w t h h o r m o n e, a n d g l u c o c o r t i c o i d s apparently also regulate Ca2+ transport by direct action, indirect mechanism mediated by the increase of renal 1,25(OH)2D3 production, or both. Different physiological conditions, such as growth, pregnancy, lactation, and aging, adjust intestinal Ca2+ absorption according to Ca2+ demands. Better knowledge of the molecular details of intestinal Ca2+ absorption could lead to the development of nutritional and medical strategies for optimizing the efficiency of intestinal Ca2+ absorption and preventing osteoporosis and other pathologies related to Ca2+ metabolism.
文摘Neurons are the most extensive and polarized cells that display a unique single long axon and multiple dendrites, which are compartments exhibiting structural and functional differences. Polarity occurs early in neuronal development and it is maintained by complex subcellular mechanisms throughout cell life. A well-defined and controlled spatio-temporal program of cellular and molecular events strictly regulates the formation of the axon and dendrites from a non-polarized cell. This event is critical for an adequate neuronal wiring and therefore for the normal functioning of the nervous system. Neuronal polarity is very sensitive to the harmful effects of different factors present in the environment. In this regard, rotenone is a crystalline, colorless and odorless isoflavone used as insecticide, piscicide and broad spectrum pesticide commonly used earlier in agriculture. In the present review we will summarize the toxicity mechanism caused by this pesticide in different neuronal cell types, focusing on a particular biological mechanism whereby rotenone could impair neuronal polarization in cultured hippocampal neurons. Recent advances suggest that the inhibition of axonogenesis produced by rotenone could be related with its effect on microtubule dynamics, the actin cytoskeleton and their regulatory pathways, particularly affecting the small RhoGTPase RhoA. Unveiling the mechanism by which rotenone produces neurotoxicity will be instrumental to understand the cellular mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases influenced by this environmental pollutant, which may lead to research focused on the design of new therapeutic strategies.
基金Supported by Dr.Nori Tolosa de Talamoni from CONICET,No.PIP 2013-2015 and No.SECYT(UNC)2016,Argentina
文摘The disequilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen(ROS) and nitrogen(RNS) species and their elimination by protective mechanisms leads to oxidative stress. Mitochondria are the main source of ROS as by-products of electron transport chain. Most of the time the intestine responds adequately against the oxidative stress, but with aging or under conditions that exacerbate the ROS and/or RNS production, the defenses are not enough and contribute to developing intestinal pathologies. The endogenous antioxidant defense system in gut includes glutathione(GSH) and GSH-dependent enzymes as major components. When the ROS and/or RNS production is exacerbated, oxidative stress occurs and the intestinal Ca2+ absorption is inhibited. GSH depleting drugs such as DLbuthionine-S,R-sulfoximine, menadione and sodium deoxycholate inhibit the Ca2+ transport from lumen to blood by alteration in the protein expression and/or activity of molecules involved in the Ca2+ transcellular and paracellular pathways through mechanisms of oxidative stress, apoptosis and/or autophagy. Quercetin, melatonin, lithocholic and ursodeoxycholic acids block the effect of those drugs in experimental animals by their antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and/or anti-autophagic properties. Therefore, they may become drugs of choice for treatment of deteriorated intestinal Ca2+ absorption under oxidant conditions such as aging, diabetes, gut inflammation and other intestinal disorders.
基金supported by the Spanish Ministry of Industry and Competitiveness[Grant BFU2016-80006-P]The Andalusian Regional Government[Group BIO-216]the FEDER-Andalusian programme 2014-2020[1262530-R].
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases are caused by the progressive loss of specific neurons.The exact mechanisms of action of these diseases are unknown,and many studies have focused on pathways related to abnormal accumulation and processing of proteins,mitochondrial dysfunction,and oxidative stress leading to apoptotic death.However,a growing body of evidence indicates that aberrant cell cycle re-entry plays a major role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.The activation of the cell cycle in mature neurons could be promoted by several signaling mechanisms,including c-Jun N-terminal kinases,p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases,and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascades;post-translational modifications such as Tau-phosphorylation;and DNA damage response.In all these events,implicated Cdk5,a proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase,seems to be responsible for several cellular processes in neurons including axon growth,neurotransmission,synaptic plasticity,neuronal migration,and maintenance of neuronal survival.However,under pathological conditions,Cdk5 dysregulation may lead to cell cycle re-entry in post-mitotic neurons.Thus,Cdk5 hyperactivation,by its physiologic activator p25,hyper-phosphorylates downstream substrates related to neurodegenerative diseases.This review summarizes factors such as oxidative stress,DNA damage response,signaling pathway disturbance,and Ubiquitin proteasome malfunction contributing to cell cycle re-entry in post-mitotic neurons.It also describes how all these factors are linked to a greater or lesser extent with Cdk5.Thus,it offers a global vision of the function of cell cycle-related proteins in mature neurons with a focus on Cdk5 and how this protein contributes to the development of Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and Huntington’s disease by cell cycle activation.
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a group of chronic diseases that includes ulcerative colitis,Crohn’s disease,and indeterminate colitis.Patients with IBD require prolonged treatment and high utilization of healthcare resources for proper management.The treatment of patients with IBD is focused on achieving therapeutic goals including clinical,biochemical,and endoscopic variables that result in improvement of the quality of life and prevention of disability.Advanced IBD treatment includes tumor necrosis factor inhibitors,integrin antagonist,antagonist of the p40 subunit of interleukin 12/23,and small molecule drugs.However,despite the multiple treatments available,about 40%of patients are refractory to therapy and present with persistent symptoms that have a great impact on their quality of life,with hospitalization and surgery being necessary in many cases.Dual therapy,a strategy sometimes applicable to refractory IBD patients,includes the combination of two biologics or a biologic in combination with a small molecule drug.There are two distinct scenarios in IBD patients in which this approach can be used:(1)Refractory active luminal disease without extraintestinal manifestations;and(2)patients with IBD in remission,but with active extraintestinal manifestations or immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.This review provides a summary of the results(clinical response and remission)of different combinations of advanced drugs in patients with IBD,both in adults and in the pediatric population.In addition,the safety profile of different combinations of dual therapy is analyzed.The use of newer combinations,including recently approved treatments,the application of new biomarkers and artificial intelligence,and clinical trials to establish effectiveness during long-term followup,are needed to establish new strategies for the use of advanced treatments in patients with refractory IBD.
