Field-and petrographic investigations,together with microanalytical major-and traceelement studies,were carried out on clinopyroxene and amphibole from high-Mg diorite in the subduction-related Chelyabinsk granitic ma...Field-and petrographic investigations,together with microanalytical major-and traceelement studies,were carried out on clinopyroxene and amphibole from high-Mg diorite in the subduction-related Chelyabinsk granitic massif to understand its petrogenesis and source.The clinopyroxene composition(high Mg#,Cr-content,sum of REE and Ti/Eu ratio;depletion in HREE;negative Eu-anomaly)indicates that it formed from a reduced melt derived from a mantle source metasomatized by fluids/melts having crustal affinity.Melt compositions in equilibrium with clinopyroxene and amphibole were calculated using solid/liquid partition coefficients.The high Nb/Y and Zr/Y ratio values of a liquid simulated from clinopyroxene,which appears to have very similar characteristics to sanukitoid melts,indicate a low degree of melting of the mantle source.Melt simulated from amphibole is more evolved and more felsic(dacitic).It displays a geochemical“amphibole fractionation”signature,indicating the peritectic transformation of clinopyroxene to amphibole in the lower crust.Rock textures and major element mineral compositions suggest that further amphibole was precipitated directly from the melt in the middle crust.The results show that the Chelyabinsk highMg diorite was probably formed as a cumulate from sanukitoid-like melt during its ascent and cooling below dacitic liquidus inside the amphibole stability field.展开更多
The last research focuses on the role of exosomes in cancer treatment.Exosomes are extracellular vesicles.They can be secreted by cancer cells,and they can modulate chemotherapy sensitivity.Determining exosomal conten...The last research focuses on the role of exosomes in cancer treatment.Exosomes are extracellular vesicles.They can be secreted by cancer cells,and they can modulate chemotherapy sensitivity.Determining exosomal content opens the possibility for guiding treatment strategies for cancer diseases.Exosomal microRNA are considered one of the prime candidates for exosomal biomarkers.Exosomal circular RNAs represent excellent biomarkers for liquid biopsy because of their stability in many types of cancer.Exosomal proteins remain reliable biomarkers also.Exosomes have emerged as promising therapeutic candidates.Their biological properties render them ideal vectors for drug delivery.Genetic modification of exosomes is an effective way to deliver material capable of modulating cellular pathways involved in drug resistance.Furthermore,exosomes have been explored as carriers for metal-chelating agents.Integrating exosome-based therapies with traditional anticancer agents aims to exploit the natural targeting abilities of exosomes to enhance drug delivery.Despite the dynamic development of this field,many mechanisms of exosome action remain incompletely understood.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct further studies that will allow for a better understanding of their role in the process of resistance and will enable the development of effective therapeutic strategies.展开更多
In order to evaluate the phylogenetic position and validity of Rana altaica,we investigated the phylogeny of brown frogs in Eurasia by Bayesian Inference and Maximum Parsimony analyses of a fragment from the mitochond...In order to evaluate the phylogenetic position and validity of Rana altaica,we investigated the phylogeny of brown frogs in Eurasia by Bayesian Inference and Maximum Parsimony analyses of a fragment from the mitochondrial DNA gene Cytochrome b.Both analyses resolved R.altaica as nesting deeply within R.arvalis.Most samples of the nominal R.altaica from the Altai region and specimens from Central Siberia shared a haplotype with R.arvalis based on the network analysis.The matrilineal relationships suggested that R.altaica should be considered as a junior synonym of R.arvalis.Furthermore,our study suggested that the species group division of Chinese brown frogs should be re-evaluated within a phylogenetic context.展开更多
This study was used oceanographic database in the Sea of Okhotsk between the period from 1929 to 2020(131286 stations).The paper used gas hydrate dissociation parameters for the“pure methane-seawater”system obtained...This study was used oceanographic database in the Sea of Okhotsk between the period from 1929 to 2020(131286 stations).The paper used gas hydrate dissociation parameters for the“pure methane-seawater”system obtained in the study by Dickens GR and Quinby-Hunt MS.The results have elucidated the spatiotemporal variability of distribution of such parameters at the upper boundary of the gas hydrate stability zone(GHSZ)as water temperature,salinity,and top depth of the stability zone.As the study has shown(based on average long-term spatial distributions),the minimum temperature and depth values of the GHSZ upper boundary in the Sea of Okhotsk occur off the western and southwestern parts of the water area.The maximum temperature and depth values of the GHSZ upper boundary are typical of the southeastern sea area and over the Kamchatka Peninsula slope.This study has also identified an area,where there are no thermobaric conditions for the emergence and stable existence of methane hydrates in the water column.The results presented agree well with the materials of observations conducted during expeditions and the previous data of predictive simulations for the Sea of Okhotsk.展开更多
Membrane fouling is a persistent challenge in membrane-based technologies,significantly impacting efficiency,operational costs,and system lifespan in applications like water treatment,desalination,and industrial proce...Membrane fouling is a persistent challenge in membrane-based technologies,significantly impacting efficiency,operational costs,and system lifespan in applications like water treatment,desalination,and industrial processing.Foul-ing,caused by the accumulation of particulates,organic compounds,and microorganisms,leads to reduced permeability,increased energy demands,and frequent maintenance.Traditional fouling control approaches,relying on empirical models and reactive strategies,often fail to address these issues efficiently.In this context,artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)have emerged as innovative tools offering predictive and proactive solutions for fouling man-agement.By utilizing historical and real-time data,AI/ML techniques such as artificial neural networks,support vector machines,and ensemble models enable accurate prediction of fouling onset,identification of fouling mechanisms,and optimization of control measures.This review provides a detailed examination of the integration of AI/ML in membrane fouling prediction and mitigation,discussing advanced algorithms,the role of sensor-based monitoring,and the importance of robust datasets in enhancing predictive accuracy.Case studies highlighting successful AI/ML applications across various membrane processes are presented,demonstrating their transformative potential in improving system performance.Emerging trends,such as hybrid modeling and IoT-enabled smart systems,are explored,alongside a criti-cal analysis of research gaps and opportunities.This review emphasizes AI/ML as a cornerstone for sustainable,cost-effective membrane operations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients require effective surgical management,with both cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty(CBHA)and proximal femoral nail anti-rotation(PFNA)being valid tre...BACKGROUND Unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients require effective surgical management,with both cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty(CBHA)and proximal femoral nail anti-rotation(PFNA)being valid treatment options to reduce morbidity and mortality.AIM To evaluate and compare the outcomes of CBHA and PFNA in treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures.METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted to identify relevant studies discussing the outcomes of using both CBH and PFNA in treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures.Studies published up to January 1,2025 were searched across multiple databases,including PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and Google Scholar.Full texts of the selected articles were retrieved,reviewed,and independently assessed by the investigators.Discrepancies were resolved by consensus,with any remaining disagreements being arbitrated by a third author.RESULTS This meta-analysis included three studies,all of which were retrospective,involving a total of 240 patients.The follow-up period for participants was at least 12 months.CBHA was associated with significantly higher blood loss compared to PFNA[mean differences(MD):129.14,95%CI(52.51,205.77),P=0.001],though heterogeneity was high(I²=97%).Operative time showed no significant difference initially[MD:6.10,95%CI(-13.34,25.54),P=0.54],but after excluding one study,BHA had longer operative times[MD:21.51,95%CI(18.60,24.41),P<0.00001].Hospital stay and Harris scores showed no significant differences between groups.CBHA facilitated faster progression to weight-bearing[MD:-11.92,95%CI(-22.46,-1.39),P=0.03]and a lower incidence of prosthetic loosening[risk ratio:0.21,95%CI(0.05,0.92),P=0.04].Refracture and thrombus formation rates were comparable between the two groups.CONCLUSION CBHA offers shorter weight-bearing duration and reduced prosthetic loosening but incurs greater blood loss and longer operative times compared to PFNA.Both techniques show comparable functional recovery,hospital stay,refracture,and thrombus risks.Clinical choice should prioritize early mobilization or surgical minimalism,guided by patient needs.Further prospective studies are warranted.展开更多
For the efficient electrolytic extraction of Er from spent nuclear fuel,a series of electrochemical methods was used to research the electrochemical behavior of Er(Ⅲ)in the LiCl—KCl system on inert(Mo)electrode and ...For the efficient electrolytic extraction of Er from spent nuclear fuel,a series of electrochemical methods was used to research the electrochemical behavior of Er(Ⅲ)in the LiCl—KCl system on inert(Mo)electrode and on reactive(Ni)electrodes.On the inert Mo electrode,the reduction of Er(Ⅲ)to Er(0)is a onestep with three-electron and quasi-reversible reaction process.Meanwhile,the apparent generation Gibbs free energy and activity coefficients of Er(Ⅲ)on the inert electrode were determined.Thereafter,the electrochemical reduction of Er(Ⅲ)on the Ni electrode was emphatically investigated.Er(Ⅲ)is reduced at a corrected potential owing to the formation of Ni-Er alloys.In addition,thermodynamic parameters such as partial excess Gibbs free energy change of Er in Ni,activity and apparent generation Gibbs free energy of the Ni-Er alloys were determined by the electromotive force method.Finally,different Ni-Er alloys were produced using potentiostatic electrolysis on the Ni cathode by controlling different potentials,Moreover,electrolytic extraction was carried out on the Ni cathode at the potential of-2.0 V,and the separation efficiency of Er reaches 99.72%,which proves the practicability of separating Er from LiCl-KCl eutectic on the reactive Ni cathode.展开更多
Thermal runaway(TR)in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)involves a complicated multiphysics process with potentially catastrophic consequences,highlighting the importance of investigating effective prevention strategies.This...Thermal runaway(TR)in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)involves a complicated multiphysics process with potentially catastrophic consequences,highlighting the importance of investigating effective prevention strategies.This study employs a lumped model integrating electrochemical and decomposition reaction kinetics to predict the evolution of the TR of LIBs triggered by axial nail penetration,validated by experimental tests.A computational fluid dynamics(CFD)-based turbulent flow model is further employed to simulate the thermal runaway propagation(TRP)behavior induced by high-temperature gases within the battery module.A parameterized analysis based on numerical simulation is conducted to quantify the impact of thermal insulation material properties on thermal diffusion and heat accumulation within the module.The results indicate that damage to the battery vent significantly increases the risk of sidewall rupture during TR.The incorporation of thermal barriers is essential in the thermal design of battery modules to prevent heat transfer via convection from the thermal exhaust caused by sidewall rupture to adjacent cells.In addition,a reduction in the thermal diffusivity of the thermal barrier material is required to minimize thermal exchange between battery cells.By adopting insulating materials with thermal diffusivity lower than 0.3 mm^(2)/s,the TRP of batteries can be mitigated under non-enclosed conditions.These findings contribute to improved battery safety and inform the development of more effective thermal protection measures and safety standards.展开更多
Er^(3+)-and Tm^(3+)-doped Ca_(x)Sr_(2-x)Nb_(2)O_(7)(C_(x)S_(2-x)N,x=0.6,0.8,1,0,1.2,1,4) phosphors with layered pe rovskite structure were designed.These phosphors exhibit a dominant emission peak at 549 nm under980 n...Er^(3+)-and Tm^(3+)-doped Ca_(x)Sr_(2-x)Nb_(2)O_(7)(C_(x)S_(2-x)N,x=0.6,0.8,1,0,1.2,1,4) phosphors with layered pe rovskite structure were designed.These phosphors exhibit a dominant emission peak at 549 nm under980 nm laser excitation,attributed to the^(4)S_(3/2)→^(4)I_(15/2)transition.By increasing the content of Ca^(2+),the crystal field regulation of rare earth ions is realized and the luminescence enhancement is induced,which is manifested by the increase of^(2)H_(11/2),^(4)S_(3/2)→^(4)I_(15/2)emission.Furthermore,the temperature sensing sensitivities of C_(0.6)S_(1.4)N:Er,Tm and C_(0.6)S_(1.4)N:Er,Tm based on non-thermally coupled energy levels were studied.Finally,an anti-counterfeiting imprint was prepared using phosphors,which have high brightness and excellent photothermal stability.This work not only confirms that closer ionic radii substitution enables to increase the electronic density of states,improve the crystal field symmetry and enhance the luminescence,but also provides a promising phosphor system for temperature sensing and anti-counterfeiting applications,opening up new prospects in the optimization of the optical properties of phosphors.展开更多
The study aims to confirm the neuroregenerative effects of bacterial melanin （BM） on central nervous system injury using a special staining method based on the detection of Ca^2＋-dependent acid phosphatase activity...The study aims to confirm the neuroregenerative effects of bacterial melanin （BM） on central nervous system injury using a special staining method based on the detection of Ca^2＋-dependent acid phosphatase activity. Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to undergo either unilateral destruction of sensorimotor cortex （group I; n = 12） or unilateral rubrospinal tract transection at the cervical level （C3-4） （group II; n = 12）. In each group, six rats were randomly selected after surgery to undergo intramuscular injection of BM solution （BM subgroup） and the remaining six rats were intramuscularly in）ected with saline （saline subgroup）. Neurological testing confirmed that BM accelerated the recovery of motor function in rats from both BM and saline subgroups. Two months after surgery, Ca^2＋-dependent acid phosphatase activity detection in combination with Chilingarian＇s calcium adenoside triphosphate method revealed that BM stimulated the sprouting of fibers and dilated the capillaries in the brain and spinal cord. These results suggest that BM can promote the recovery of motor function of rats with central nervous system injury; and detection of Ca^2＋-dependent acid phosphatase activity is a fast and easy method used to study the regeneration-promoting effects of BM on the injured central nervous system.展开更多
Several conjugate components represent the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Baikal:Baikal water(surface and deep water),groundwater from boreholes,water of numerous Baikal tributaries,cold and hot mineral springs around Lake...Several conjugate components represent the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Baikal:Baikal water(surface and deep water),groundwater from boreholes,water of numerous Baikal tributaries,cold and hot mineral springs around Lake Baikal,and the Angara River,the only runoff reflecting all this aquatic diversity.River waters in the Baikal region are known to be deficient in some vital elements,including fluorine.This article discusses the features of the fluorine distribution in the water from the conjugate components of the Baikal ecosystem.Fluorine ion concentrations in the water of the Baikal ecosystem was determined using the potentiometric method.The study represents the monitoring that was carried out between 1997 and 2022 years.We determine likely causes of high and low fluorine concentrations in the water from different components,propose and substantiate the fluorine sources,geological and geochemical model of its influx and distribution features in the water of the Baikal ecosystem.展开更多
This study investigates the potential of Prosopis cineraria Leaves Powder(PCLP)as a biosorbent for removing lead(Pb)and zinc(Zn)from aqueous solutions,optimizing the process using Response Surface Methodology(RSM).Pro...This study investigates the potential of Prosopis cineraria Leaves Powder(PCLP)as a biosorbent for removing lead(Pb)and zinc(Zn)from aqueous solutions,optimizing the process using Response Surface Methodology(RSM).Prosopis cineraria,commonly known as Khejri,is a drought-resistant tree with significant promise in environmental applications.The research employed a Central Composite Design(CCD)to examine the independent and combined effects of key process variables,including initial metal ion concentration,contact time,pH,and PCLP dosage.RSM was used to develop mathematical models that explain the relationship between these factors and the efficiency of metal removal,allowing the determination of optimal operating conditions.The experimental results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model was the most appropriate for describing the biosorption of both metals,suggesting favorable adsorption characteristics.Additionally,the D-R isotherm confirmed that chemisorption was the primary mechanism involved in the biosorption process.For lead removal,the optimal conditions were found to be 312.23 K temperature,pH 4.72,58.5 mg L-1 initial concentration,and 0.27 g biosorbent dosage,achieving an 83.77%removal efficiency.For zinc,the optimal conditions were 312.4 K,pH 5.86,53.07 mg L-1 initial concentration,and the same biosorbent dosage,resulting in a 75.86%removal efficiency.These findings highlight PCLP’s potential as an effective,eco-friendly biosorbent for sustainable heavy metal removal in water treatment.展开更多
Morphology and growth rate of carbon dioxide hydrate on the interface between liquid carbon dioxide and humic acid solutions were studied in this work.It was found that after the growth of the hydrate film at the inte...Morphology and growth rate of carbon dioxide hydrate on the interface between liquid carbon dioxide and humic acid solutions were studied in this work.It was found that after the growth of the hydrate film at the interface,further growth of hydrate due to the suction of water in the capillary system formed between the wall of the cuvette and the end boundary of the hydrate layer occurs.Most probably,substantial effects on the formation of this capillary system may be caused by variations in reactor wall properties,for example,hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance,roughness,etc.We found,that the rate of CO_(2) hydrate film growth on the surface of the humic acid aqueous solution is 4-fold to lower in comparison with the growth rate on the surface of pure water.We suppose that this is caused by the adsorption of humic acid associates on the surface of hydrate particles and,as a consequence,by the deceleration of the diffusion of dissolved carbon dioxide to the growing hydrate particle.展开更多
The article considers the some features of the Quaternary sediments mineral composition of the development areas of the erosion processes on the territory of the Tunkinsk’s depression.Main objectives of our research ...The article considers the some features of the Quaternary sediments mineral composition of the development areas of the erosion processes on the territory of the Tunkinsk’s depression.Main objectives of our research are to determine the entering forms of Na,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,K,Ca,Ti,Cr,Mn,Fe,Zn,Cu,Zr,and Ba in the composition of the investigated sediments.The mineral composition was studied by the method of an electron probe X-ray spectral microanalysis(XRM)using wave spectrometers,and the method of X-ray diffraction analysis.The localization centers of Cr,Cu,Zn,Zr,and Ba were established in the mineral composition of the studied sediments.Maximum content of BaO(14.42 wt%)was detected in alkali K-feldspar in the clay sediments of modern alluvial complex(aQ4).Crystallochemical formulas of different minerals were obtained.展开更多
Objectives:Currently,there exist two approaches to the treatment of malignant neoplasms:the Karanahan technology and in situ vaccination,which are based on chronometric delivery of therapeutic agents to the tumor depe...Objectives:Currently,there exist two approaches to the treatment of malignant neoplasms:the Karanahan technology and in situ vaccination,which are based on chronometric delivery of therapeutic agents to the tumor depending on the characteristics of tumor cells,as well as the immune status.The main purpose of this study was to experimentally prove the feasibility of combining the Karanahan technology and in situ vaccination withαOX40 antibodies into a single therapeutic platform to achieve a potent additive antitumor therapeutic effect.Methods:BALB/c mice grafted with B-cellular lymphoma A20 were treated using the Karanahan technology consisting of intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide administrations and intratumoral DNA injections according to an individually determined therapeutic regimen,together with in situ vaccination withαOX40.A pathomorphological analysis of the organs of experimental animals that died during the initial attempt to combine the two technologies was carried out.An analysis of blood cell populations was performed to determine the safe time for antibody administration:the number of immune cells capable of activating systemic inflammation(CD11b+Ly-6C+,CD11b+Ly-6G+,CD3–NKp46+CD11b+),the presence of Fc receptor and OX40 on the surface of these cells,and the number of neutrophils activated to NETosis were analyzed.Based on the analysis results,the antitumor efficacy of various modes of combining the Karanahan technology and in situ vaccination was studied.Results:WhenαOX40 was administered 5 h after each treatment using the Karanahan technology,mass death of mice caused by systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure was observed.The state of blood cells after the treatment using the Karanahan technology at the time points corresponding to antibody injections was analyzed to elucidate the reasons for this effect.It was found that at some time points,there occurs activation of the immune system and a powerful release(up to 16%)of monocytes and granulocytes carrying Fc receptor and OX40 on their surface into blood;when interacting withαOX40,they can activate the lytic potential of these cells.Activation of neutrophils to NETosis was also observed.Based on these findings,a study was carried out in different time regimes to combine the Karanahan technology andαOX40 injections.WhenαOX40 was injected into the points of minimal release of myeloid cells into the blood,increased survival rate and the greatest antitumor efficacy were observed:37%of animals survived without relapses on day 100 after experiment initiation.Conclusions:The results obtained indicate that it is possible to combine the Karanahan technology and in situ vaccination withαOX40,with obligatory constant monitoring of the number of myeloid cells in peripheral blood to determine the safe time for antibody injection.展开更多
The article presents the results of in-kind measurements and numerical modeling of the formation of water characteristics in the Kama River,which is used for technical water supply in the production of potash fertiliz...The article presents the results of in-kind measurements and numerical modeling of the formation of water characteristics in the Kama River,which is used for technical water supply in the production of potash fertilizers.In the warm season,risks arise that threaten the sustainability of the water supply.It was found that in the summer,when the studied section of the Kama River is backed up by the KamaHydroelectric Power Station,there is a significant decrease in flow rates,which leads to vertical stratification of water properties.This,in turn,significantly limits the possibilities of using water fromthe bottom zone.Under conditions of significant water discharge from the reservoir,this section has river conditions with significantly higher flow rates.Under such conditions,intense vertical mixing of water masses occurs,which improves the consumer properties of water necessary for sustainable water supply.The results of numerical modeling carried out within the framework of the three-dimensional approach confirmed this conclusion.It is shown that with an increase in the flow rate in the channel near thewater intake,the concentration of salts decreases,which is an important factor in ensuring high-quality water supply.展开更多
This paper presents some results of stress field reconstruction in the Nankai Trough subduction zone located within the area bounded by 136.3°–137°E and 33°–33.5°N where 12 scientific wells were ...This paper presents some results of stress field reconstruction in the Nankai Trough subduction zone located within the area bounded by 136.3°–137°E and 33°–33.5°N where 12 scientific wells were drilled during Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment expeditions of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program and International Ocean Discovery Program.We use the logging data to derive orientations of the maximum principal stress axis at different depths followed by the reconstruction of stress orientations in each individual well.From these data,we further derive average stress orientations along the wells and use these data to reconstruct the stress trajectory field taking into account the presence of Megasplay fault.The results are shown as the stress trajectories of the maximum principal horizontal stresses.They are generally consistent with data the World Stress Map Project data.展开更多
A comparative study of products of thermal and thermocatalytic cracking of polypropylene(PP) in the presence of potassium polytitanate(PPT) synthesized by treatment of TiO_(2)(rutile) powder with molten mixture of KOH...A comparative study of products of thermal and thermocatalytic cracking of polypropylene(PP) in the presence of potassium polytitanate(PPT) synthesized by treatment of TiO_(2)(rutile) powder with molten mixture of KOH and KNO_(3) taken in a weight ratio of 30∶30∶40 has been carried out.It was shown that the studied type of PPT powder exhibits catalytic properties in the reaction of thermal decomposition of PP,compared to the effect of commercial zeolite catalyst CBV-780 traditionally used for this purpose.Based on the analysis performed,the differences in the mechanism of catalytic action of PPT and the zeolite were considered.The reasons for the observed differences in the composition of PP cracking products and in the rate of coke formation on the surface of studied catalysts were analyzed.Considering the obtained results,it has been proposed that the CBV-780 catalyst promoted more intensive production of the gaseous hydrocarbons compared to PPT,due to higher specific surface area(internal surface) accessible for relatively light and small-sized hydrocarbon products of cracking.However,intensive coke formation on the outer surface of the microporous zeolite contributes to the blocking of transport channels and the rapid loss of catalytic action.At the same time,PPT,which initially has a smaller specific surface area,retains its catalytic activity significantly longer due to slit-shaped flat pores and higher transport accessibility of the inner surface.展开更多
Eucotylidae is a family of microphalloid digeneans parasitising as adults in the urinary system of birds.There are few molecular data on members of this family,and phylogenetic relationships of its genera and species ...Eucotylidae is a family of microphalloid digeneans parasitising as adults in the urinary system of birds.There are few molecular data on members of this family,and phylogenetic relationships of its genera and species are still unclear.Here we present new morphological and molecular data on a eucotylid species Tanaisia atra(Nezlobinsky,1926).Specimens of T.atra were found in Eurasian Coot Fulica atra Linnaeus,1758 in European and Asian parts of Russia and examined using optical and SEM microscopy and molecular techniques.We report the presence of a well-developed cirrus sac and different types of tegumental scales in this species for the first time.All molecular markers used in our study(ITS2 region,28S rRNA and cox1gene)indicate that T.atra isolates from European and Asian parts of Russia are conspecific.In phylograms based on ITS2 region and 28S rRNA gene sequences,T.atra clustered with other Tanaisia spp.展开更多
Avian malaria,caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium,is prevalent among wild bird populations worldwide and can have significant impact on avian health and populations.With the rise in global temperatures due to ...Avian malaria,caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium,is prevalent among wild bird populations worldwide and can have significant impact on avian health and populations.With the rise in global temperatures due to climate change,concerns have arisen about the spread of southern malaria species,that potentially can affect previously unexposed bird populations.We studied juvenile siskins infected with two distinct malaria parasites:Plasmodium relictum(SGS1 lineage)and P.ashfordi(GRW2 lineage).While the former is common in the Northern Palearctic,the latter is primarily found in Central and Southern Africa.We assessed the impact of these infections on siskins'physiological well-being using resting metabolic rate(RMR)and interleukin-6(IL-6)levels.Changes in RMR reflect the energetic cost of disease,while IL-6 serves as a one of the inflammatory cytokines in the innate immune system's response to infection.Our experimental findings reveal distinct outcomes during the acute phase of SGS1 and GRW2 infections.Infection with SGS1 was marked by reduced RMR and IL-6 levels in siskins.A similar IL-6 pattern was observed in the GRW2 group initially,though it was not sustained.Additionally,GRW2-infected siskins showed distinct RMR dynamics compared to SGS1-infected birds.Our study did not conclusively demonstrate that tropical malaria has more severe effects on siskins.However,similarities with previous studies with SGS1 infected birds and variations in disease progression between the two experimental groups underscore the complexity of host-parasite interactions in avian malaria infections.展开更多
文摘Field-and petrographic investigations,together with microanalytical major-and traceelement studies,were carried out on clinopyroxene and amphibole from high-Mg diorite in the subduction-related Chelyabinsk granitic massif to understand its petrogenesis and source.The clinopyroxene composition(high Mg#,Cr-content,sum of REE and Ti/Eu ratio;depletion in HREE;negative Eu-anomaly)indicates that it formed from a reduced melt derived from a mantle source metasomatized by fluids/melts having crustal affinity.Melt compositions in equilibrium with clinopyroxene and amphibole were calculated using solid/liquid partition coefficients.The high Nb/Y and Zr/Y ratio values of a liquid simulated from clinopyroxene,which appears to have very similar characteristics to sanukitoid melts,indicate a low degree of melting of the mantle source.Melt simulated from amphibole is more evolved and more felsic(dacitic).It displays a geochemical“amphibole fractionation”signature,indicating the peritectic transformation of clinopyroxene to amphibole in the lower crust.Rock textures and major element mineral compositions suggest that further amphibole was precipitated directly from the melt in the middle crust.The results show that the Chelyabinsk highMg diorite was probably formed as a cumulate from sanukitoid-like melt during its ascent and cooling below dacitic liquidus inside the amphibole stability field.
文摘The last research focuses on the role of exosomes in cancer treatment.Exosomes are extracellular vesicles.They can be secreted by cancer cells,and they can modulate chemotherapy sensitivity.Determining exosomal content opens the possibility for guiding treatment strategies for cancer diseases.Exosomal microRNA are considered one of the prime candidates for exosomal biomarkers.Exosomal circular RNAs represent excellent biomarkers for liquid biopsy because of their stability in many types of cancer.Exosomal proteins remain reliable biomarkers also.Exosomes have emerged as promising therapeutic candidates.Their biological properties render them ideal vectors for drug delivery.Genetic modification of exosomes is an effective way to deliver material capable of modulating cellular pathways involved in drug resistance.Furthermore,exosomes have been explored as carriers for metal-chelating agents.Integrating exosome-based therapies with traditional anticancer agents aims to exploit the natural targeting abilities of exosomes to enhance drug delivery.Despite the dynamic development of this field,many mechanisms of exosome action remain incompletely understood.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct further studies that will allow for a better understanding of their role in the process of resistance and will enable the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(30700065)the Program for Fostering Young Talents of Kunming Institute of Zoology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(0706571141)~~
文摘In order to evaluate the phylogenetic position and validity of Rana altaica,we investigated the phylogeny of brown frogs in Eurasia by Bayesian Inference and Maximum Parsimony analyses of a fragment from the mitochondrial DNA gene Cytochrome b.Both analyses resolved R.altaica as nesting deeply within R.arvalis.Most samples of the nominal R.altaica from the Altai region and specimens from Central Siberia shared a haplotype with R.arvalis based on the network analysis.The matrilineal relationships suggested that R.altaica should be considered as a junior synonym of R.arvalis.Furthermore,our study suggested that the species group division of Chinese brown frogs should be re-evaluated within a phylogenetic context.
基金the POI FEB RAS,entitled“Study of the Structure and Dynamics of World’s Oceans Waters in Conditions of Current Climate Change”(reg.no.124022100079-4).
文摘This study was used oceanographic database in the Sea of Okhotsk between the period from 1929 to 2020(131286 stations).The paper used gas hydrate dissociation parameters for the“pure methane-seawater”system obtained in the study by Dickens GR and Quinby-Hunt MS.The results have elucidated the spatiotemporal variability of distribution of such parameters at the upper boundary of the gas hydrate stability zone(GHSZ)as water temperature,salinity,and top depth of the stability zone.As the study has shown(based on average long-term spatial distributions),the minimum temperature and depth values of the GHSZ upper boundary in the Sea of Okhotsk occur off the western and southwestern parts of the water area.The maximum temperature and depth values of the GHSZ upper boundary are typical of the southeastern sea area and over the Kamchatka Peninsula slope.This study has also identified an area,where there are no thermobaric conditions for the emergence and stable existence of methane hydrates in the water column.The results presented agree well with the materials of observations conducted during expeditions and the previous data of predictive simulations for the Sea of Okhotsk.
文摘Membrane fouling is a persistent challenge in membrane-based technologies,significantly impacting efficiency,operational costs,and system lifespan in applications like water treatment,desalination,and industrial processing.Foul-ing,caused by the accumulation of particulates,organic compounds,and microorganisms,leads to reduced permeability,increased energy demands,and frequent maintenance.Traditional fouling control approaches,relying on empirical models and reactive strategies,often fail to address these issues efficiently.In this context,artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)have emerged as innovative tools offering predictive and proactive solutions for fouling man-agement.By utilizing historical and real-time data,AI/ML techniques such as artificial neural networks,support vector machines,and ensemble models enable accurate prediction of fouling onset,identification of fouling mechanisms,and optimization of control measures.This review provides a detailed examination of the integration of AI/ML in membrane fouling prediction and mitigation,discussing advanced algorithms,the role of sensor-based monitoring,and the importance of robust datasets in enhancing predictive accuracy.Case studies highlighting successful AI/ML applications across various membrane processes are presented,demonstrating their transformative potential in improving system performance.Emerging trends,such as hybrid modeling and IoT-enabled smart systems,are explored,alongside a criti-cal analysis of research gaps and opportunities.This review emphasizes AI/ML as a cornerstone for sustainable,cost-effective membrane operations.
文摘BACKGROUND Unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients require effective surgical management,with both cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty(CBHA)and proximal femoral nail anti-rotation(PFNA)being valid treatment options to reduce morbidity and mortality.AIM To evaluate and compare the outcomes of CBHA and PFNA in treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures.METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted to identify relevant studies discussing the outcomes of using both CBH and PFNA in treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures.Studies published up to January 1,2025 were searched across multiple databases,including PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and Google Scholar.Full texts of the selected articles were retrieved,reviewed,and independently assessed by the investigators.Discrepancies were resolved by consensus,with any remaining disagreements being arbitrated by a third author.RESULTS This meta-analysis included three studies,all of which were retrospective,involving a total of 240 patients.The follow-up period for participants was at least 12 months.CBHA was associated with significantly higher blood loss compared to PFNA[mean differences(MD):129.14,95%CI(52.51,205.77),P=0.001],though heterogeneity was high(I²=97%).Operative time showed no significant difference initially[MD:6.10,95%CI(-13.34,25.54),P=0.54],but after excluding one study,BHA had longer operative times[MD:21.51,95%CI(18.60,24.41),P<0.00001].Hospital stay and Harris scores showed no significant differences between groups.CBHA facilitated faster progression to weight-bearing[MD:-11.92,95%CI(-22.46,-1.39),P=0.03]and a lower incidence of prosthetic loosening[risk ratio:0.21,95%CI(0.05,0.92),P=0.04].Refracture and thrombus formation rates were comparable between the two groups.CONCLUSION CBHA offers shorter weight-bearing duration and reduced prosthetic loosening but incurs greater blood loss and longer operative times compared to PFNA.Both techniques show comparable functional recovery,hospital stay,refracture,and thrombus risks.Clinical choice should prioritize early mobilization or surgical minimalism,guided by patient needs.Further prospective studies are warranted.
基金Project supported by Ph.D.Student Research and Innovation Fund of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3072023GIP1005)。
文摘For the efficient electrolytic extraction of Er from spent nuclear fuel,a series of electrochemical methods was used to research the electrochemical behavior of Er(Ⅲ)in the LiCl—KCl system on inert(Mo)electrode and on reactive(Ni)electrodes.On the inert Mo electrode,the reduction of Er(Ⅲ)to Er(0)is a onestep with three-electron and quasi-reversible reaction process.Meanwhile,the apparent generation Gibbs free energy and activity coefficients of Er(Ⅲ)on the inert electrode were determined.Thereafter,the electrochemical reduction of Er(Ⅲ)on the Ni electrode was emphatically investigated.Er(Ⅲ)is reduced at a corrected potential owing to the formation of Ni-Er alloys.In addition,thermodynamic parameters such as partial excess Gibbs free energy change of Er in Ni,activity and apparent generation Gibbs free energy of the Ni-Er alloys were determined by the electromotive force method.Finally,different Ni-Er alloys were produced using potentiostatic electrolysis on the Ni cathode by controlling different potentials,Moreover,electrolytic extraction was carried out on the Ni cathode at the potential of-2.0 V,and the separation efficiency of Er reaches 99.72%,which proves the practicability of separating Er from LiCl-KCl eutectic on the reactive Ni cathode.
基金the Faraday Institution’s SafeBatt(https://www.safebatt.ac.uk/)project[grant numbers:EP/S003053/1,FIRG061]DSIT and the Royal Academy of Engineering,under the Chair in Emerging Technologies Scheme(CiET1718/59)。
文摘Thermal runaway(TR)in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)involves a complicated multiphysics process with potentially catastrophic consequences,highlighting the importance of investigating effective prevention strategies.This study employs a lumped model integrating electrochemical and decomposition reaction kinetics to predict the evolution of the TR of LIBs triggered by axial nail penetration,validated by experimental tests.A computational fluid dynamics(CFD)-based turbulent flow model is further employed to simulate the thermal runaway propagation(TRP)behavior induced by high-temperature gases within the battery module.A parameterized analysis based on numerical simulation is conducted to quantify the impact of thermal insulation material properties on thermal diffusion and heat accumulation within the module.The results indicate that damage to the battery vent significantly increases the risk of sidewall rupture during TR.The incorporation of thermal barriers is essential in the thermal design of battery modules to prevent heat transfer via convection from the thermal exhaust caused by sidewall rupture to adjacent cells.In addition,a reduction in the thermal diffusivity of the thermal barrier material is required to minimize thermal exchange between battery cells.By adopting insulating materials with thermal diffusivity lower than 0.3 mm^(2)/s,the TRP of batteries can be mitigated under non-enclosed conditions.These findings contribute to improved battery safety and inform the development of more effective thermal protection measures and safety standards.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology International Cooperation Project of Qinghai Province (2022-HZ-807)the Open Project Salt Lake Chemical Engineering Research Complex,Qinghai University (2023-DXSSZZ-04)。
文摘Er^(3+)-and Tm^(3+)-doped Ca_(x)Sr_(2-x)Nb_(2)O_(7)(C_(x)S_(2-x)N,x=0.6,0.8,1,0,1.2,1,4) phosphors with layered pe rovskite structure were designed.These phosphors exhibit a dominant emission peak at 549 nm under980 nm laser excitation,attributed to the^(4)S_(3/2)→^(4)I_(15/2)transition.By increasing the content of Ca^(2+),the crystal field regulation of rare earth ions is realized and the luminescence enhancement is induced,which is manifested by the increase of^(2)H_(11/2),^(4)S_(3/2)→^(4)I_(15/2)emission.Furthermore,the temperature sensing sensitivities of C_(0.6)S_(1.4)N:Er,Tm and C_(0.6)S_(1.4)N:Er,Tm based on non-thermally coupled energy levels were studied.Finally,an anti-counterfeiting imprint was prepared using phosphors,which have high brightness and excellent photothermal stability.This work not only confirms that closer ionic radii substitution enables to increase the electronic density of states,improve the crystal field symmetry and enhance the luminescence,but also provides a promising phosphor system for temperature sensing and anti-counterfeiting applications,opening up new prospects in the optimization of the optical properties of phosphors.
基金supported by the Armenian National Science and Education Fund for Project in New York,USA(No.ANSEF biotech-4241)
文摘The study aims to confirm the neuroregenerative effects of bacterial melanin （BM） on central nervous system injury using a special staining method based on the detection of Ca^2＋-dependent acid phosphatase activity. Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to undergo either unilateral destruction of sensorimotor cortex （group I; n = 12） or unilateral rubrospinal tract transection at the cervical level （C3-4） （group II; n = 12）. In each group, six rats were randomly selected after surgery to undergo intramuscular injection of BM solution （BM subgroup） and the remaining six rats were intramuscularly in）ected with saline （saline subgroup）. Neurological testing confirmed that BM accelerated the recovery of motor function in rats from both BM and saline subgroups. Two months after surgery, Ca^2＋-dependent acid phosphatase activity detection in combination with Chilingarian＇s calcium adenoside triphosphate method revealed that BM stimulated the sprouting of fibers and dilated the capillaries in the brain and spinal cord. These results suggest that BM can promote the recovery of motor function of rats with central nervous system injury; and detection of Ca^2＋-dependent acid phosphatase activity is a fast and easy method used to study the regeneration-promoting effects of BM on the injured central nervous system.
基金the framework of the IGC SB RAS project(No.0284-2021-0003)supported by the RFFR ofi_m project(No.17-29-05022).
文摘Several conjugate components represent the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Baikal:Baikal water(surface and deep water),groundwater from boreholes,water of numerous Baikal tributaries,cold and hot mineral springs around Lake Baikal,and the Angara River,the only runoff reflecting all this aquatic diversity.River waters in the Baikal region are known to be deficient in some vital elements,including fluorine.This article discusses the features of the fluorine distribution in the water from the conjugate components of the Baikal ecosystem.Fluorine ion concentrations in the water of the Baikal ecosystem was determined using the potentiometric method.The study represents the monitoring that was carried out between 1997 and 2022 years.We determine likely causes of high and low fluorine concentrations in the water from different components,propose and substantiate the fluorine sources,geological and geochemical model of its influx and distribution features in the water of the Baikal ecosystem.
文摘This study investigates the potential of Prosopis cineraria Leaves Powder(PCLP)as a biosorbent for removing lead(Pb)and zinc(Zn)from aqueous solutions,optimizing the process using Response Surface Methodology(RSM).Prosopis cineraria,commonly known as Khejri,is a drought-resistant tree with significant promise in environmental applications.The research employed a Central Composite Design(CCD)to examine the independent and combined effects of key process variables,including initial metal ion concentration,contact time,pH,and PCLP dosage.RSM was used to develop mathematical models that explain the relationship between these factors and the efficiency of metal removal,allowing the determination of optimal operating conditions.The experimental results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model was the most appropriate for describing the biosorption of both metals,suggesting favorable adsorption characteristics.Additionally,the D-R isotherm confirmed that chemisorption was the primary mechanism involved in the biosorption process.For lead removal,the optimal conditions were found to be 312.23 K temperature,pH 4.72,58.5 mg L-1 initial concentration,and 0.27 g biosorbent dosage,achieving an 83.77%removal efficiency.For zinc,the optimal conditions were 312.4 K,pH 5.86,53.07 mg L-1 initial concentration,and the same biosorbent dosage,resulting in a 75.86%removal efficiency.These findings highlight PCLP’s potential as an effective,eco-friendly biosorbent for sustainable heavy metal removal in water treatment.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation(23-29-00830).
文摘Morphology and growth rate of carbon dioxide hydrate on the interface between liquid carbon dioxide and humic acid solutions were studied in this work.It was found that after the growth of the hydrate film at the interface,further growth of hydrate due to the suction of water in the capillary system formed between the wall of the cuvette and the end boundary of the hydrate layer occurs.Most probably,substantial effects on the formation of this capillary system may be caused by variations in reactor wall properties,for example,hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance,roughness,etc.We found,that the rate of CO_(2) hydrate film growth on the surface of the humic acid aqueous solution is 4-fold to lower in comparison with the growth rate on the surface of pure water.We suppose that this is caused by the adsorption of humic acid associates on the surface of hydrate particles and,as a consequence,by the deceleration of the diffusion of dissolved carbon dioxide to the growing hydrate particle.
文摘The article considers the some features of the Quaternary sediments mineral composition of the development areas of the erosion processes on the territory of the Tunkinsk’s depression.Main objectives of our research are to determine the entering forms of Na,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,K,Ca,Ti,Cr,Mn,Fe,Zn,Cu,Zr,and Ba in the composition of the investigated sediments.The mineral composition was studied by the method of an electron probe X-ray spectral microanalysis(XRM)using wave spectrometers,and the method of X-ray diffraction analysis.The localization centers of Cr,Cu,Zn,Zr,and Ba were established in the mineral composition of the studied sediments.Maximum content of BaO(14.42 wt%)was detected in alkali K-feldspar in the clay sediments of modern alluvial complex(aQ4).Crystallochemical formulas of different minerals were obtained.
基金supported by Inga N.Zaitseva“Karanahan”LLC and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation via the Institute of Cytology and Genetics(State Budget Project No.FWNR-2022-0016).
文摘Objectives:Currently,there exist two approaches to the treatment of malignant neoplasms:the Karanahan technology and in situ vaccination,which are based on chronometric delivery of therapeutic agents to the tumor depending on the characteristics of tumor cells,as well as the immune status.The main purpose of this study was to experimentally prove the feasibility of combining the Karanahan technology and in situ vaccination withαOX40 antibodies into a single therapeutic platform to achieve a potent additive antitumor therapeutic effect.Methods:BALB/c mice grafted with B-cellular lymphoma A20 were treated using the Karanahan technology consisting of intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide administrations and intratumoral DNA injections according to an individually determined therapeutic regimen,together with in situ vaccination withαOX40.A pathomorphological analysis of the organs of experimental animals that died during the initial attempt to combine the two technologies was carried out.An analysis of blood cell populations was performed to determine the safe time for antibody administration:the number of immune cells capable of activating systemic inflammation(CD11b+Ly-6C+,CD11b+Ly-6G+,CD3–NKp46+CD11b+),the presence of Fc receptor and OX40 on the surface of these cells,and the number of neutrophils activated to NETosis were analyzed.Based on the analysis results,the antitumor efficacy of various modes of combining the Karanahan technology and in situ vaccination was studied.Results:WhenαOX40 was administered 5 h after each treatment using the Karanahan technology,mass death of mice caused by systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure was observed.The state of blood cells after the treatment using the Karanahan technology at the time points corresponding to antibody injections was analyzed to elucidate the reasons for this effect.It was found that at some time points,there occurs activation of the immune system and a powerful release(up to 16%)of monocytes and granulocytes carrying Fc receptor and OX40 on their surface into blood;when interacting withαOX40,they can activate the lytic potential of these cells.Activation of neutrophils to NETosis was also observed.Based on these findings,a study was carried out in different time regimes to combine the Karanahan technology andαOX40 injections.WhenαOX40 was injected into the points of minimal release of myeloid cells into the blood,increased survival rate and the greatest antitumor efficacy were observed:37%of animals survived without relapses on day 100 after experiment initiation.Conclusions:The results obtained indicate that it is possible to combine the Karanahan technology and in situ vaccination withαOX40,with obligatory constant monitoring of the number of myeloid cells in peripheral blood to determine the safe time for antibody injection.
基金the Government of the Perm Territory within the Framework of Scientific Project No.S-26/828the Ministry of Science and High Education of Russia(Theme No.121031700169-1).
文摘The article presents the results of in-kind measurements and numerical modeling of the formation of water characteristics in the Kama River,which is used for technical water supply in the production of potash fertilizers.In the warm season,risks arise that threaten the sustainability of the water supply.It was found that in the summer,when the studied section of the Kama River is backed up by the KamaHydroelectric Power Station,there is a significant decrease in flow rates,which leads to vertical stratification of water properties.This,in turn,significantly limits the possibilities of using water fromthe bottom zone.Under conditions of significant water discharge from the reservoir,this section has river conditions with significantly higher flow rates.Under such conditions,intense vertical mixing of water masses occurs,which improves the consumer properties of water necessary for sustainable water supply.The results of numerical modeling carried out within the framework of the three-dimensional approach confirmed this conclusion.It is shown that with an increase in the flow rate in the channel near thewater intake,the concentration of salts decreases,which is an important factor in ensuring high-quality water supply.
文摘This paper presents some results of stress field reconstruction in the Nankai Trough subduction zone located within the area bounded by 136.3°–137°E and 33°–33.5°N where 12 scientific wells were drilled during Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment expeditions of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program and International Ocean Discovery Program.We use the logging data to derive orientations of the maximum principal stress axis at different depths followed by the reconstruction of stress orientations in each individual well.From these data,we further derive average stress orientations along the wells and use these data to reconstruct the stress trajectory field taking into account the presence of Megasplay fault.The results are shown as the stress trajectories of the maximum principal horizontal stresses.They are generally consistent with data the World Stress Map Project data.
文摘A comparative study of products of thermal and thermocatalytic cracking of polypropylene(PP) in the presence of potassium polytitanate(PPT) synthesized by treatment of TiO_(2)(rutile) powder with molten mixture of KOH and KNO_(3) taken in a weight ratio of 30∶30∶40 has been carried out.It was shown that the studied type of PPT powder exhibits catalytic properties in the reaction of thermal decomposition of PP,compared to the effect of commercial zeolite catalyst CBV-780 traditionally used for this purpose.Based on the analysis performed,the differences in the mechanism of catalytic action of PPT and the zeolite were considered.The reasons for the observed differences in the composition of PP cracking products and in the rate of coke formation on the surface of studied catalysts were analyzed.Considering the obtained results,it has been proposed that the CBV-780 catalyst promoted more intensive production of the gaseous hydrocarbons compared to PPT,due to higher specific surface area(internal surface) accessible for relatively light and small-sized hydrocarbon products of cracking.However,intensive coke formation on the outer surface of the microporous zeolite contributes to the blocking of transport channels and the rapid loss of catalytic action.At the same time,PPT,which initially has a smaller specific surface area,retains its catalytic activity significantly longer due to slit-shaped flat pores and higher transport accessibility of the inner surface.
基金supported by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education FFER-2024-0027。
文摘Eucotylidae is a family of microphalloid digeneans parasitising as adults in the urinary system of birds.There are few molecular data on members of this family,and phylogenetic relationships of its genera and species are still unclear.Here we present new morphological and molecular data on a eucotylid species Tanaisia atra(Nezlobinsky,1926).Specimens of T.atra were found in Eurasian Coot Fulica atra Linnaeus,1758 in European and Asian parts of Russia and examined using optical and SEM microscopy and molecular techniques.We report the presence of a well-developed cirrus sac and different types of tegumental scales in this species for the first time.All molecular markers used in our study(ITS2 region,28S rRNA and cox1gene)indicate that T.atra isolates from European and Asian parts of Russia are conspecific.In phylograms based on ITS2 region and 28S rRNA gene sequences,T.atra clustered with other Tanaisia spp.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant(grant Ng 20-14-00049).
文摘Avian malaria,caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium,is prevalent among wild bird populations worldwide and can have significant impact on avian health and populations.With the rise in global temperatures due to climate change,concerns have arisen about the spread of southern malaria species,that potentially can affect previously unexposed bird populations.We studied juvenile siskins infected with two distinct malaria parasites:Plasmodium relictum(SGS1 lineage)and P.ashfordi(GRW2 lineage).While the former is common in the Northern Palearctic,the latter is primarily found in Central and Southern Africa.We assessed the impact of these infections on siskins'physiological well-being using resting metabolic rate(RMR)and interleukin-6(IL-6)levels.Changes in RMR reflect the energetic cost of disease,while IL-6 serves as a one of the inflammatory cytokines in the innate immune system's response to infection.Our experimental findings reveal distinct outcomes during the acute phase of SGS1 and GRW2 infections.Infection with SGS1 was marked by reduced RMR and IL-6 levels in siskins.A similar IL-6 pattern was observed in the GRW2 group initially,though it was not sustained.Additionally,GRW2-infected siskins showed distinct RMR dynamics compared to SGS1-infected birds.Our study did not conclusively demonstrate that tropical malaria has more severe effects on siskins.However,similarities with previous studies with SGS1 infected birds and variations in disease progression between the two experimental groups underscore the complexity of host-parasite interactions in avian malaria infections.
