Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)plays an irreplaceable role in the development of silicosis.However,molecular mechanisms of EMT induced by silica exposure still remain to be addressed.Herein,metabolic profiles o...Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)plays an irreplaceable role in the development of silicosis.However,molecular mechanisms of EMT induced by silica exposure still remain to be addressed.Herein,metabolic profiles of human alveolar type II epithelial cells(A549 cells)exposed directly to silica were characterized using non-targeted metabolomic approaches.A total of 84 differential metabolites(DMs)were identified in silica-treated A549 cells undergoing EMT,which were mainly enriched in metabolisms of amino acids(e.g.,glutamate,alanine,aspartate),purine metabolism,glycolysis,etc.The number of DMs identified in the A549 cells obviously increased with the elevated exposure concentration of silica.Remarkably,glutamine catabolism was significantly promoted in the silica-treated A549 cells,and the levels of related metabolites(e.g.,succinate)and enzymes(e.g.,α-ketoglutarate(α-KG)dehydrogenase)were substantially up-regulated,with a preference toα-KG pathway.Supplementation of glutamine into the cell culture could substantially enhance the expression levels of both EMT-related markers and Snail(zinc finger transcription factor).Our results suggest that the EMT of human alveolar epithelial cells directly induced by silica can be essential to the development of silicosis.展开更多
Gold-catalyzed amination reactions based on azides viaα-imino gold carbene intermediates have attracted extensive attention in the past decades because this methodology leads to the facile and efficient construction ...Gold-catalyzed amination reactions based on azides viaα-imino gold carbene intermediates have attracted extensive attention in the past decades because this methodology leads to the facile and efficient construction of synthetically useful N-containing molecules,especially valuable N-heterocycles.However,successful examples of intermolecular generation ofα-imino gold carbenes by using azides as amination reagents are rarely explored probably due to the weak nucleophilicity of azides.Herein,we disclose an efficient gold-catalyzed intermolecular aminative cyclopropanation of ynamides with the allyl azides,enabling flexible synthesis of a wide range of valuable 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene derivatives in good to excellent yields with excellent diastereoselectivities.Importantly,this protocol represents the first use of allyl azide as an efficient amination reagent in gold-catalyzed alkyne amination reactions.展开更多
The magnetic fields and dynamical processes in the solar polar regions play a crucial role in the solar magnetic cycle and in supplying mass and energy to the fast solar wind,ultimately being vital in controlling sola...The magnetic fields and dynamical processes in the solar polar regions play a crucial role in the solar magnetic cycle and in supplying mass and energy to the fast solar wind,ultimately being vital in controlling solar activities and driving space weather.Despite numerous efforts to explore these regions,to date no imaging observations of the Sun's poles have been achieved from vantage points out of the ecliptic plane,leaving their behavior and evolution poorly understood.This observation gap has left three top-level scientific questions unanswered:How does the solar dynamo work and drive the solar magnetic cycle?What drives the fast solar wind?How do space weather processes globally originate from the Sun and propagate throughout the solar system?The Solar Polarorbit Observatory(SPO)mission,a solar polar exploration spacecraft,is proposed to address these three unanswered scientific questions by imaging the Sun's poles from high heliolatitudes.In order to achieve its scientific goals,SPO will carry six remote-sensing and four in-situ instruments to measure the vector magnetic fields and Doppler velocity fields in the photosphere,to observe the Sun in the extreme ultraviolet,X-ray,and radio wavelengths,to image the corona and the heliosphere up to 45 R_(s),and to perform in-situ detection of magnetic fields,and low-and high-energy particles in the solar wind.The SPO mission is capable of providing critical vector magnetic fields and Doppler velocities of the polar regions to advance our understanding of the origin of the solar magnetic cycle,providing unprecedented imaging observations of the solar poles alongside in-situ measurements of charged particles and magnetic fields from high heliolatitudes to unveil the mass and energy supply that drive the fast solar wind,and providing observational constraints for improving our ability to model and predict the three-dimensional(3D)structures and propagation of space weather events.展开更多
Epilepsy is a devastating neurological condition that affects over 70 million people worldwide.Apart from idiopathic epilepsy,numerous diseases have been reported to cause secondary epilepsy.Polyphenols,ubiquitously e...Epilepsy is a devastating neurological condition that affects over 70 million people worldwide.Apart from idiopathic epilepsy,numerous diseases have been reported to cause secondary epilepsy.Polyphenols,ubiquitously existing in fruits and vegetables,has become a promising neuroprotective candidate against multiple neurological abnormalities due to its interplay with gut microbiome composed of the bacterial population in gastrointestinal system.This bioactive compound is also being tested for the management of epileptogenesis.However,there is still insufficient evidence from mechanistic studies to demonstrate the causal relationship between anti-epileptic effect of polyphenols and microbial alteration.In this review,we provide the brief overview of epilepsy,polyphenols and gut microbiota.We then analysis the association of polyphenols and gut microbiota particularly in the epilepsy and symptomatic seizures-induced by epilepsy related disorders.We also discuss the possibility for the combined application with probiotics to improve the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of polyphenols for expanding its anti-epileptic function.We finally summarize the therapeutic potential of anti-seizure polyphenols through affecting gut microbiome,and propose that the anti-epileptic effect of polyphenols may be tightly relevant to intestinal bacterial flora for overcoming epilepsy and its comorbidities simultaneously.Therefore,the dietary polyphenols targeting specific bacteria may achieve the outcome of‘one stone,two birds’.展开更多
Lipocalin-2(LCN2)is a member of the lipocalin superfamily with multiple functions and can participate in the transport of a variety of small lipophilic ligands in vivo.LCN2 is significantly expressed in various tumors...Lipocalin-2(LCN2)is a member of the lipocalin superfamily with multiple functions and can participate in the transport of a variety of small lipophilic ligands in vivo.LCN2 is significantly expressed in various tumors and plays an important role in regulating tumor cell proliferation,invasion,and metastasis.The specific actions of LCN2 in tumors may vary depending on the particular type of cancer involved.In this review,we provide an extensive overview of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of LCN2 in health and disease.Furthermore,we summarize the impact of LCN2 dysregulation in a broad range of tumors.Lastly,we examine the mechanisms of action of LCN2 during tumorigenesis,progression,and metastasis.Understanding the complex relationships between LCN2 and tumor development,progression,and metastasis is vital for advancing our knowledge of cancer biology,developing biomarkers for diagnosis and clinical decision-making,and creating therapeutic strategies to improve the management of patients with cancer.展开更多
Milk fat globules(MFG)are the primary source of energy and functional factor in dairy-based products.To evaluate the suitability of commercial MFG substitutes for infant and adult consumers,the lipolysis properties an...Milk fat globules(MFG)are the primary source of energy and functional factor in dairy-based products.To evaluate the suitability of commercial MFG substitutes for infant and adult consumers,the lipolysis properties and regulatory factors in digesting bovine,caprine,and human MFG were compared.The lipolysis kinetic models of bovine and caprine MFG are comparable,with bovine MFG displaying the highest degree of lipolysis(50.21%)during gastric digestion in infants,resulting in the production short-chain saturated fatty acids.Caprine MFG has a high rate of lipolysis due to its weak phospholipid-glycoprotein layer,which is prominent in both infants'and adults'digestion.The effects of consuming bovine and caprine MFG for adults are comparable in terms of lipolysis properties and nutritional value of fatty acid.After gastrointestinal digestion,human MFG has the highest digestibility(93.98%).The advantages of human MFG include its phospholipid structure,exogenous lipase,and lipolysis-regulating proteins.This study provides recommendation for the selection of milk fat substitutes and improvements in commercial dairy.展开更多
11-Oxo-10,11-dihydroxy-SH-indolo[3,2,b]quinoline7-carboxylic acid was obtained specifically by polyphosphorous acid catalyzed cyclization with optimal reaction conditions. Biological assays showed that it potentially ...11-Oxo-10,11-dihydroxy-SH-indolo[3,2,b]quinoline7-carboxylic acid was obtained specifically by polyphosphorous acid catalyzed cyclization with optimal reaction conditions. Biological assays showed that it potentially inhibits the proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity in vitro and suppresses breast cancer cell growth.展开更多
In this study,we developed a novel on-line solid phase extraction(SPE)-ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)-based analytical method for simultaneously quantifying 12 illic...In this study,we developed a novel on-line solid phase extraction(SPE)-ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)-based analytical method for simultaneously quantifying 12 illicit drugs and metabolites(methamphetamine,amphetamine,morphine,codeine,6-monoacetylmorphine,benzoylecgonine,3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine,cocaine,ketamine,norketamine,and methcathinone)and cotinine(COT)in wastewater samples.The analysis was performed by loading 2 m L of the sample onto an Oasis hydrophilic-lipophilic balance cartridge and using a cleanup step(5%methanol)to eliminate interference with a total run time of 13 min.The isotope-labeled internal standard method was used to quantify the target substances and correct for unavoidable losses and matrix effects during the on-line SPE process.Typical analytical characteristics used for method validation were sensitivity,linearity,precision,repeatability,recovery,and matrix effects.The limit of detection(LOD)and limit of quantification(LOQ)of each target were set at 0.20 ng/L and 0.50 ng/L,respectively.The linearity was between 0.5 ng/L and250 ng/L,except for that of COT.The intra-and inter-day precisions were<10.45%and 25.64%,respectively,and the relative recovery ranged from 83.74%to 162.26%.The method was used to analyze various wastewater samples from 33 cities in China,and the results were compared with the experimental results of identical samples analyzed using off-line SPE.The difference rate was between 19.91%and-20.44%,and the error range could be considered acceptable.These findings showed that on-line SPE is a suitable alternative to off-line SPE for the analysis of illicit drugs in samples.展开更多
In recent years, utilization of renewable sources for biofuel production is gaining popularity due to growing greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions which causes global warming. There has been a great effort in exploring alter...In recent years, utilization of renewable sources for biofuel production is gaining popularity due to growing greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions which causes global warming. There has been a great effort in exploring alternative feedstock for bioethanol production. In this context, the production of third-generation bioethanol from macroalgae has emerged as an alternative feedstock to food crop-based starch and lignocellulosic biomass.This is mainly due to the fast growth rate of macroalgae, no competition with agricultural land, high carbohydrate content and relatively simple processing steps compared to lignocellulosic biomass. This review paper provides an insight of recent innovative approaches for macroalgae bioethanol production, including conventional and advanced hydrolysis process to produce fermentable sugar, various fermentation technologies, economic analysis and life cycle assessment. With the current technology maturity, efficient utilization of macroalgae as sustainable source for bioethanol and other value-added chemicals production could be achieved in the near future.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">It is estimated that between 0.3% - 0.5% of patients with cholelithiasis have biliary ileus, of this small proportion, only between</span> 1<span style="...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">It is estimated that between 0.3% - 0.5% of patients with cholelithiasis have biliary ileus, of this small proportion, only between</span> 1<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> - 3% is complicated by the syndrome described in 1896 by Leon Bouveret. Bouveret syndrome refers to the obstruction of the gastric outlet tract secondary to the passage and impactation of a gallstone in the duodenum, through a cholecystoduodenal fistula. It is most common in women, between the ages of 74 - 77 and is clinically characterized by pain, bloating, incoercible vomiting and anorexia.</span></span></span>展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of soft agar on in-vitro proliferation of neonate mouse spermatogonial stem cells co-cultured with Sertoli cells.Methods:Tissues of neonate NMRI male mice testes were used for harv...Objective:To investigate the effects of soft agar on in-vitro proliferation of neonate mouse spermatogonial stem cells co-cultured with Sertoli cells.Methods:Tissues of neonate NMRI male mice testes were used for harvesting spermatogonial stem cells and Sertoli cells.After cell harvest,flow cytometry using promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger(PLZF)protein antibody was used to assess the purity of the cells.The isolated testicular cells were cultured in the absence(the control group)or presence of soft agar-coated dishes(the experimental group)supplemented with leukemia inhibitory factor and glia cell line–derived neurotrophic factor for two weeks.Alkaline phosphatase activity was assessed in the colonies formed after two weeks of culture by alkaline phosphatase staining.On day 14 of culture,the expression levels of DNA-binding protein inhibitor(ID-4)and PLZF genes in the undifferentiated cells were evaluated by the detection of PLZF protein antibody using real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry techniques.The number and diameter of the colonies of spermatogonial stem cells were assessed by ImageJ software.Results:In the experimental group,the number and the diameter of colonies significantly increased as compared with those in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01,respectively).In addition,the level of expression of ID-4 and PLZF genes in the undifferentiated cells significantly increased in the experimental group as compared with the control group(P<0.01).However,the expression of tyrosine-protein kinase kit(c-kit)gene in differentiated cells decreased in the experimental group as compared with the control group,but there was no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusions:Spermatogonial stem cells can be efficiently proliferated by culturing the stem cells in soft agar-coated dishes.The new protocol used in this study can be a valuable method for future studies.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the outcomes of endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) for colorectal polyps,with particular regard to procedural complications and recurrence rate,in typical United Kingdom(UK) hospitals that perform an av...AIM:To evaluate the outcomes of endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) for colorectal polyps,with particular regard to procedural complications and recurrence rate,in typical United Kingdom(UK) hospitals that perform an average of about 25 colonic EMRs per year.METHODS:A total of 239 colorectal polyps(≥ 10 mm) resected from 199 patients referred to Rochdale Infirmary,Salford Royal Hospital and Royal Oldham Hospital for EMR between January 2003 and January 2009 were studied.RESULTS:The mean size of polyps resected was 19.6 ± 12.4 mm(range 10-80 mm).The overall major complication rate was 2.1%.Complications were less frequent with non-adenomas compared with the other groups(Pearson's χ 2 test,P < 0.0001).Resections of largersized polyps were more likely to result in complications(unpaired t-test,P = 0.021).Recurrence was associated with histology,with carcinoma-in-situ more likely to recur compared with low-grade dysplasia [hazard ratio(HR) 186.7,95% confidence interval(95% CI):8.81-3953.02,P = 0.001].Distal lesions were also more likely to recur compared with right-sided and transverse colon lesions(HR 5.93,95% CI:1.35-26.18,P = 0.019).CONCLUSION:EMR for colorectal polyps can be performed safely and effectively in typical UK hospitals.Stricter follow-up is required for histologically advanced lesions due to increased recurrence risk.展开更多
Biomineralization has become a research focus in wastewater treatment due to its much lower costs compared to traditional methods.However,the low sodium chloride(NaCl)-tolerance of bacteria limits applications to only...Biomineralization has become a research focus in wastewater treatment due to its much lower costs compared to traditional methods.However,the low sodium chloride(NaCl)-tolerance of bacteria limits applications to only water with low NaCl concentrations.Here,calcium ions in hypersaline wastewater(10%NaCl)were precipitated by free and immobilized Halovibrio mesolongii HMY2 bacteria and the differences between them were determined.The results show that calcium ions can be transformed into several types of calcium carbonate with a range of morphologies,abundant organic functional groups(C-H,C-O-C,C=O,etc),protein secondary structures(β-sheet,α-helix,3_(10)helix,andβ-turn),P=O and S-H indicated by P2p and S2p,and more negativeδ^(13)C_(PDB)(‰)values(-16.8‰to-18.4‰).The optimal conditions for the immobilized bacteria were determined by doing experiments with six factors and five levels and using response surface method.Under the action of two groups of immobilized bacteria prepared under the optimal conditions,by the 10^(th)day,Ca^(2+)ion precipitation ratios had increased to 79%-89%and 80%-88%with changes in magnesium ion cencentrations.Magnesium ions can significantly inhibit the calcium ion precipitation,and this inhibitory effect can be decreased under the action of immobilized bacteria.Minerals induced by immobilized bacteria always aggregated together,had higher contents of Mg,P,and S,lower stable carbon isotope values and less well-developed protein secondary structures.This study demonstrates an economic and eco-friendly method for recycling calcium ions in hypersaline wastewater,providing an easy step in the process of desalination.展开更多
For the frequency range of I kHz-lOMHz, the interface state density of Ni contacts on p-GaN is studied using capacitance-voltage （C-V） and conductance-frequency-voltage （G-f-V） measurements at room temperature. To...For the frequency range of I kHz-lOMHz, the interface state density of Ni contacts on p-GaN is studied using capacitance-voltage （C-V） and conductance-frequency-voltage （G-f-V） measurements at room temperature. To obtain the real capacitance and interface state density of the Ni/p-GaN structures, the effects of the series resistance （Rs） on high-frequency （SMHz） capacitance values measured at a reverse and a forward bias are investigated. The mean interface state densities obtained from the CHF-CLF capacitance and the conductance method are 2 ×1012 e V-1 cm-2 and 0.94 × 1012 eV-1 cm-2, respectively. Furthermore, the interface state density derived from the conductance method is higher than that reported from the Ni/n-GaN in the literature, which is ascribed to a poor crystal quality and to a large defect density of the Mg-doped p-GaN.展开更多
Weighted vertex cover(WVC)is one of the most important combinatorial optimization problems.In this paper,we provide a new game optimization to achieve efficiency and time of solutions for the WVC problem of weighted n...Weighted vertex cover(WVC)is one of the most important combinatorial optimization problems.In this paper,we provide a new game optimization to achieve efficiency and time of solutions for the WVC problem of weighted networks.We first model the WVC problem as a general game on weighted networks.Under the framework of a game,we newly define several cover states to describe the WVC problem.Moreover,we reveal the relationship among these cover states of the weighted network and the strict Nash equilibriums(SNEs)of the game.Then,we propose a game-based asynchronous algorithm(GAA),which can theoretically guarantee that all cover states of vertices converging in an SNE with polynomial time.Subsequently,we improve the GAA by adding 2-hop and 3-hop adjustment mechanisms,termed the improved game-based asynchronous algorithm(IGAA),in which we prove that it can obtain a better solution to the WVC problem than using a the GAA.Finally,numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed IGAA can obtain a better approximate solution in promising computation time compared with the existing representative algorithms.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM)is a common metabolic disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.In this study,we performed an in-house genotyping and meta-analysis study using three independent GWAS ...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM)is a common metabolic disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.In this study,we performed an in-house genotyping and meta-analysis study using three independent GWAS datasets of T2 DM and found that rs3743121,located 1 kb downstream of AQR,was a novel susceptibility SNP associated with T2 DM.The risk allele C of rs3743121 was correlated with the increased expression of AQR in white blood cells,similar to that observed in T2 DM models.The knockdown of AQR in HepG2 facilitated the glucose uptake,decreased the expression level of PCK2,increased the phosphorylation of GSK-3β,and restored the insulin sensitivity.Furthermore,the suppression of AQR inhibited the mTOR pathway and the protein ubiquitination process.Our study suggests that AQR is a novel type 2 diabetes-associated gene that regulates signaling pathways critical for glucose metabolism.展开更多
3D reconstruction based on single view aims to reconstruct the entire 3D shape of an object from one perspective.When existing methods reconstruct the mesh surface of complex objects,the surface details are difficult ...3D reconstruction based on single view aims to reconstruct the entire 3D shape of an object from one perspective.When existing methods reconstruct the mesh surface of complex objects,the surface details are difficult to predict and the reconstruction visual effect is poor because the mesh representation is not easily integrated into the deep learning framework;the 3D topology is easily limited by predefined templates and inflexible,and unnecessary mesh self-intersections and connections will be generated when reconstructing complex topology,thus destroying the surface details;the training of the reconstruction network is limited by the large amount of information attached to the mesh vertices,and the training time of the reconstructed network is too long.In this paper,we propose a method for fast mesh reconstruction from single view based on Graph Convolutional Network(GCN)and topology modification.We use GCN to ensure the generation of high-quality mesh surfaces and use topology modification to improve the flexibility of the topology.Meanwhile,a feature fusion method is proposed to make full use of the features of each stage of the image hierarchically.We use 3D open dataset ShapeNet to train our network and add a new weight parameter to speed up the training process.Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method can not only reconstruct object meshes on complex topological surfaces,but also has better qualitative and quantitative results.展开更多
AIM: To elucidate the safety of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) under steady pressure automatically controlled endoscopy(SPACE) using carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).METHODS: Nine patients underwent PEG with a modifie...AIM: To elucidate the safety of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) under steady pressure automatically controlled endoscopy(SPACE) using carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).METHODS: Nine patients underwent PEG with a modified introducer method under conscious sedation. A T-tube was attached to the channel of an endoscope connected to an automatic surgical insufflator. The stomach was inflated under the SPACE system. The intragastric pressure was kept between 4-8 mmH g with a flow of CO_(2) at 35 L/min. Median procedure time, intragastric pressure, median systolic blood pressure, partial pressure of CO_(2), abdominal girth before and immediately after PEG, and free gas and small intestinal gas on abdominal X-ray before and after PEG were recorded. RESULTS: PEG was completed under stable pneumostomach in all patients, with a median procedural time of 22 min. Median intragastric pressure was 6.9 mmH g and median arterial CO_(2) pressure before and after PEG was 42.1 and 45.5 Torr(NS). The median abdominal girth before and after PEG was 68.1 and 69.6 cm(NS). A mild free gas image after PEG was observed in two patients, and faint abdominal gas in the downstream bowel was documented in two patients.CONCLUSION: SPACE might enable standardized pneumostomach and modified introducer procedure of PEG.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22206207,22127810,and 22276224)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2021A1515011546 and 2023A1515010085)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(No.202102080005)。
文摘Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)plays an irreplaceable role in the development of silicosis.However,molecular mechanisms of EMT induced by silica exposure still remain to be addressed.Herein,metabolic profiles of human alveolar type II epithelial cells(A549 cells)exposed directly to silica were characterized using non-targeted metabolomic approaches.A total of 84 differential metabolites(DMs)were identified in silica-treated A549 cells undergoing EMT,which were mainly enriched in metabolisms of amino acids(e.g.,glutamate,alanine,aspartate),purine metabolism,glycolysis,etc.The number of DMs identified in the A549 cells obviously increased with the elevated exposure concentration of silica.Remarkably,glutamine catabolism was significantly promoted in the silica-treated A549 cells,and the levels of related metabolites(e.g.,succinate)and enzymes(e.g.,α-ketoglutarate(α-KG)dehydrogenase)were substantially up-regulated,with a preference toα-KG pathway.Supplementation of glutamine into the cell culture could substantially enhance the expression levels of both EMT-related markers and Snail(zinc finger transcription factor).Our results suggest that the EMT of human alveolar epithelial cells directly induced by silica can be essential to the development of silicosis.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22125108,22331004 and 22121001)Yunnan Normal University,Applied Basic Research Projects of Yunnan Province(No.202101AT070217)+1 种基金the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.20224BAB213013)the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education in Science and Technology Program Project(No.GJJ210906)。
文摘Gold-catalyzed amination reactions based on azides viaα-imino gold carbene intermediates have attracted extensive attention in the past decades because this methodology leads to the facile and efficient construction of synthetically useful N-containing molecules,especially valuable N-heterocycles.However,successful examples of intermolecular generation ofα-imino gold carbenes by using azides as amination reagents are rarely explored probably due to the weak nucleophilicity of azides.Herein,we disclose an efficient gold-catalyzed intermolecular aminative cyclopropanation of ynamides with the allyl azides,enabling flexible synthesis of a wide range of valuable 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene derivatives in good to excellent yields with excellent diastereoselectivities.Importantly,this protocol represents the first use of allyl azide as an efficient amination reagent in gold-catalyzed alkyne amination reactions.
文摘The magnetic fields and dynamical processes in the solar polar regions play a crucial role in the solar magnetic cycle and in supplying mass and energy to the fast solar wind,ultimately being vital in controlling solar activities and driving space weather.Despite numerous efforts to explore these regions,to date no imaging observations of the Sun's poles have been achieved from vantage points out of the ecliptic plane,leaving their behavior and evolution poorly understood.This observation gap has left three top-level scientific questions unanswered:How does the solar dynamo work and drive the solar magnetic cycle?What drives the fast solar wind?How do space weather processes globally originate from the Sun and propagate throughout the solar system?The Solar Polarorbit Observatory(SPO)mission,a solar polar exploration spacecraft,is proposed to address these three unanswered scientific questions by imaging the Sun's poles from high heliolatitudes.In order to achieve its scientific goals,SPO will carry six remote-sensing and four in-situ instruments to measure the vector magnetic fields and Doppler velocity fields in the photosphere,to observe the Sun in the extreme ultraviolet,X-ray,and radio wavelengths,to image the corona and the heliosphere up to 45 R_(s),and to perform in-situ detection of magnetic fields,and low-and high-energy particles in the solar wind.The SPO mission is capable of providing critical vector magnetic fields and Doppler velocities of the polar regions to advance our understanding of the origin of the solar magnetic cycle,providing unprecedented imaging observations of the solar poles alongside in-situ measurements of charged particles and magnetic fields from high heliolatitudes to unveil the mass and energy supply that drive the fast solar wind,and providing observational constraints for improving our ability to model and predict the three-dimensional(3D)structures and propagation of space weather events.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Committee of China(81971212,81601129)Shenyang Young and Middle-aged Technological Innovation Talent Support Program(RC210268)Liaoning Province Natural Science Foundation(2023-MS-153).
文摘Epilepsy is a devastating neurological condition that affects over 70 million people worldwide.Apart from idiopathic epilepsy,numerous diseases have been reported to cause secondary epilepsy.Polyphenols,ubiquitously existing in fruits and vegetables,has become a promising neuroprotective candidate against multiple neurological abnormalities due to its interplay with gut microbiome composed of the bacterial population in gastrointestinal system.This bioactive compound is also being tested for the management of epileptogenesis.However,there is still insufficient evidence from mechanistic studies to demonstrate the causal relationship between anti-epileptic effect of polyphenols and microbial alteration.In this review,we provide the brief overview of epilepsy,polyphenols and gut microbiota.We then analysis the association of polyphenols and gut microbiota particularly in the epilepsy and symptomatic seizures-induced by epilepsy related disorders.We also discuss the possibility for the combined application with probiotics to improve the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of polyphenols for expanding its anti-epileptic function.We finally summarize the therapeutic potential of anti-seizure polyphenols through affecting gut microbiome,and propose that the anti-epileptic effect of polyphenols may be tightly relevant to intestinal bacterial flora for overcoming epilepsy and its comorbidities simultaneously.Therefore,the dietary polyphenols targeting specific bacteria may achieve the outcome of‘one stone,two birds’.
基金supported by the Program for Science Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen(2021N062-JCYJ20210324115408023)Guangdong High-Level Hospital Construction Fund,Shenzhen High-Level Hospital Construction Fund。
文摘Lipocalin-2(LCN2)is a member of the lipocalin superfamily with multiple functions and can participate in the transport of a variety of small lipophilic ligands in vivo.LCN2 is significantly expressed in various tumors and plays an important role in regulating tumor cell proliferation,invasion,and metastasis.The specific actions of LCN2 in tumors may vary depending on the particular type of cancer involved.In this review,we provide an extensive overview of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of LCN2 in health and disease.Furthermore,we summarize the impact of LCN2 dysregulation in a broad range of tumors.Lastly,we examine the mechanisms of action of LCN2 during tumorigenesis,progression,and metastasis.Understanding the complex relationships between LCN2 and tumor development,progression,and metastasis is vital for advancing our knowledge of cancer biology,developing biomarkers for diagnosis and clinical decision-making,and creating therapeutic strategies to improve the management of patients with cancer.
基金supported by the Young Scientists Fund in National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901650)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2016YFD0401404)Innovation Fund of Tianjin University of Science and Technology for Young Teachers(2017LG01)。
文摘Milk fat globules(MFG)are the primary source of energy and functional factor in dairy-based products.To evaluate the suitability of commercial MFG substitutes for infant and adult consumers,the lipolysis properties and regulatory factors in digesting bovine,caprine,and human MFG were compared.The lipolysis kinetic models of bovine and caprine MFG are comparable,with bovine MFG displaying the highest degree of lipolysis(50.21%)during gastric digestion in infants,resulting in the production short-chain saturated fatty acids.Caprine MFG has a high rate of lipolysis due to its weak phospholipid-glycoprotein layer,which is prominent in both infants'and adults'digestion.The effects of consuming bovine and caprine MFG for adults are comparable in terms of lipolysis properties and nutritional value of fatty acid.After gastrointestinal digestion,human MFG has the highest digestibility(93.98%).The advantages of human MFG include its phospholipid structure,exogenous lipase,and lipolysis-regulating proteins.This study provides recommendation for the selection of milk fat substitutes and improvements in commercial dairy.
文摘11-Oxo-10,11-dihydroxy-SH-indolo[3,2,b]quinoline7-carboxylic acid was obtained specifically by polyphosphorous acid catalyzed cyclization with optimal reaction conditions. Biological assays showed that it potentially inhibits the proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity in vitro and suppresses breast cancer cell growth.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.:2018YFC0807402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82073810)。
文摘In this study,we developed a novel on-line solid phase extraction(SPE)-ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)-based analytical method for simultaneously quantifying 12 illicit drugs and metabolites(methamphetamine,amphetamine,morphine,codeine,6-monoacetylmorphine,benzoylecgonine,3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine,cocaine,ketamine,norketamine,and methcathinone)and cotinine(COT)in wastewater samples.The analysis was performed by loading 2 m L of the sample onto an Oasis hydrophilic-lipophilic balance cartridge and using a cleanup step(5%methanol)to eliminate interference with a total run time of 13 min.The isotope-labeled internal standard method was used to quantify the target substances and correct for unavoidable losses and matrix effects during the on-line SPE process.Typical analytical characteristics used for method validation were sensitivity,linearity,precision,repeatability,recovery,and matrix effects.The limit of detection(LOD)and limit of quantification(LOQ)of each target were set at 0.20 ng/L and 0.50 ng/L,respectively.The linearity was between 0.5 ng/L and250 ng/L,except for that of COT.The intra-and inter-day precisions were<10.45%and 25.64%,respectively,and the relative recovery ranged from 83.74%to 162.26%.The method was used to analyze various wastewater samples from 33 cities in China,and the results were compared with the experimental results of identical samples analyzed using off-line SPE.The difference rate was between 19.91%and-20.44%,and the error range could be considered acceptable.These findings showed that on-line SPE is a suitable alternative to off-line SPE for the analysis of illicit drugs in samples.
基金the financial support received from the Ministry of Higher Education(MOHE)Malaysia through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme Malaysia’s Rising Star Awards 2016(FRGS MRSA 2016)with cost centre 203/PJKIMIA/607136Support from Ministry of Education Malaysia through HiCOE award to CBBR is duly acknowledged.
文摘In recent years, utilization of renewable sources for biofuel production is gaining popularity due to growing greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions which causes global warming. There has been a great effort in exploring alternative feedstock for bioethanol production. In this context, the production of third-generation bioethanol from macroalgae has emerged as an alternative feedstock to food crop-based starch and lignocellulosic biomass.This is mainly due to the fast growth rate of macroalgae, no competition with agricultural land, high carbohydrate content and relatively simple processing steps compared to lignocellulosic biomass. This review paper provides an insight of recent innovative approaches for macroalgae bioethanol production, including conventional and advanced hydrolysis process to produce fermentable sugar, various fermentation technologies, economic analysis and life cycle assessment. With the current technology maturity, efficient utilization of macroalgae as sustainable source for bioethanol and other value-added chemicals production could be achieved in the near future.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">It is estimated that between 0.3% - 0.5% of patients with cholelithiasis have biliary ileus, of this small proportion, only between</span> 1<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> - 3% is complicated by the syndrome described in 1896 by Leon Bouveret. Bouveret syndrome refers to the obstruction of the gastric outlet tract secondary to the passage and impactation of a gallstone in the duodenum, through a cholecystoduodenal fistula. It is most common in women, between the ages of 74 - 77 and is clinically characterized by pain, bloating, incoercible vomiting and anorexia.</span></span></span>
基金This study was supported by Shahroud University of Medical Sciences(Grant No.98131).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of soft agar on in-vitro proliferation of neonate mouse spermatogonial stem cells co-cultured with Sertoli cells.Methods:Tissues of neonate NMRI male mice testes were used for harvesting spermatogonial stem cells and Sertoli cells.After cell harvest,flow cytometry using promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger(PLZF)protein antibody was used to assess the purity of the cells.The isolated testicular cells were cultured in the absence(the control group)or presence of soft agar-coated dishes(the experimental group)supplemented with leukemia inhibitory factor and glia cell line–derived neurotrophic factor for two weeks.Alkaline phosphatase activity was assessed in the colonies formed after two weeks of culture by alkaline phosphatase staining.On day 14 of culture,the expression levels of DNA-binding protein inhibitor(ID-4)and PLZF genes in the undifferentiated cells were evaluated by the detection of PLZF protein antibody using real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry techniques.The number and diameter of the colonies of spermatogonial stem cells were assessed by ImageJ software.Results:In the experimental group,the number and the diameter of colonies significantly increased as compared with those in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01,respectively).In addition,the level of expression of ID-4 and PLZF genes in the undifferentiated cells significantly increased in the experimental group as compared with the control group(P<0.01).However,the expression of tyrosine-protein kinase kit(c-kit)gene in differentiated cells decreased in the experimental group as compared with the control group,but there was no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusions:Spermatogonial stem cells can be efficiently proliferated by culturing the stem cells in soft agar-coated dishes.The new protocol used in this study can be a valuable method for future studies.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the outcomes of endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) for colorectal polyps,with particular regard to procedural complications and recurrence rate,in typical United Kingdom(UK) hospitals that perform an average of about 25 colonic EMRs per year.METHODS:A total of 239 colorectal polyps(≥ 10 mm) resected from 199 patients referred to Rochdale Infirmary,Salford Royal Hospital and Royal Oldham Hospital for EMR between January 2003 and January 2009 were studied.RESULTS:The mean size of polyps resected was 19.6 ± 12.4 mm(range 10-80 mm).The overall major complication rate was 2.1%.Complications were less frequent with non-adenomas compared with the other groups(Pearson's χ 2 test,P < 0.0001).Resections of largersized polyps were more likely to result in complications(unpaired t-test,P = 0.021).Recurrence was associated with histology,with carcinoma-in-situ more likely to recur compared with low-grade dysplasia [hazard ratio(HR) 186.7,95% confidence interval(95% CI):8.81-3953.02,P = 0.001].Distal lesions were also more likely to recur compared with right-sided and transverse colon lesions(HR 5.93,95% CI:1.35-26.18,P = 0.019).CONCLUSION:EMR for colorectal polyps can be performed safely and effectively in typical UK hospitals.Stricter follow-up is required for histologically advanced lesions due to increased recurrence risk.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41772095,42072136,41972108,42106144)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2019MD027,ZR2020QD089,ZR2021QE125)+4 种基金SDUST Research Fund(No.2015TDJH101)Scientific and Technological Innovation Project Financially Supported by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.2016ASKJ13)Major Innovation Projects of Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(No.2019JZZY020808)the Foundation of SINOPEC(No.P20059-7)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training program for College students(Nos.202110424157,202110424158)。
文摘Biomineralization has become a research focus in wastewater treatment due to its much lower costs compared to traditional methods.However,the low sodium chloride(NaCl)-tolerance of bacteria limits applications to only water with low NaCl concentrations.Here,calcium ions in hypersaline wastewater(10%NaCl)were precipitated by free and immobilized Halovibrio mesolongii HMY2 bacteria and the differences between them were determined.The results show that calcium ions can be transformed into several types of calcium carbonate with a range of morphologies,abundant organic functional groups(C-H,C-O-C,C=O,etc),protein secondary structures(β-sheet,α-helix,3_(10)helix,andβ-turn),P=O and S-H indicated by P2p and S2p,and more negativeδ^(13)C_(PDB)(‰)values(-16.8‰to-18.4‰).The optimal conditions for the immobilized bacteria were determined by doing experiments with six factors and five levels and using response surface method.Under the action of two groups of immobilized bacteria prepared under the optimal conditions,by the 10^(th)day,Ca^(2+)ion precipitation ratios had increased to 79%-89%and 80%-88%with changes in magnesium ion cencentrations.Magnesium ions can significantly inhibit the calcium ion precipitation,and this inhibitory effect can be decreased under the action of immobilized bacteria.Minerals induced by immobilized bacteria always aggregated together,had higher contents of Mg,P,and S,lower stable carbon isotope values and less well-developed protein secondary structures.This study demonstrates an economic and eco-friendly method for recycling calcium ions in hypersaline wastewater,providing an easy step in the process of desalination.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province under Grant No 20133ACB20005the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 41330318+3 种基金the Key Program of Science and Technology Research of Ministry of Education under Grant No NRE1515the Foundation of Training Academic and Technical Leaders for Main Majors of Jiangxi Province under Grant No 20142BCB22006the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Jiangxi Province under Grant No GJJ14501the Engineering Research Center of Nuclear Technology Application(East China Institute of Technology)Ministry of Education under Grant NoHJSJYB2016-1
文摘For the frequency range of I kHz-lOMHz, the interface state density of Ni contacts on p-GaN is studied using capacitance-voltage （C-V） and conductance-frequency-voltage （G-f-V） measurements at room temperature. To obtain the real capacitance and interface state density of the Ni/p-GaN structures, the effects of the series resistance （Rs） on high-frequency （SMHz） capacitance values measured at a reverse and a forward bias are investigated. The mean interface state densities obtained from the CHF-CLF capacitance and the conductance method are 2 ×1012 e V-1 cm-2 and 0.94 × 1012 eV-1 cm-2, respectively. Furthermore, the interface state density derived from the conductance method is higher than that reported from the Ni/n-GaN in the literature, which is ascribed to a poor crystal quality and to a large defect density of the Mg-doped p-GaN.
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61751303,U20A2068,11771013)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LD19A010001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Weighted vertex cover(WVC)is one of the most important combinatorial optimization problems.In this paper,we provide a new game optimization to achieve efficiency and time of solutions for the WVC problem of weighted networks.We first model the WVC problem as a general game on weighted networks.Under the framework of a game,we newly define several cover states to describe the WVC problem.Moreover,we reveal the relationship among these cover states of the weighted network and the strict Nash equilibriums(SNEs)of the game.Then,we propose a game-based asynchronous algorithm(GAA),which can theoretically guarantee that all cover states of vertices converging in an SNE with polynomial time.Subsequently,we improve the GAA by adding 2-hop and 3-hop adjustment mechanisms,termed the improved game-based asynchronous algorithm(IGAA),in which we prove that it can obtain a better solution to the WVC problem than using a the GAA.Finally,numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed IGAA can obtain a better approximate solution in promising computation time compared with the existing representative algorithms.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(2013CB530700)Key Programs from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81630034 and 81130003)
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM)is a common metabolic disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.In this study,we performed an in-house genotyping and meta-analysis study using three independent GWAS datasets of T2 DM and found that rs3743121,located 1 kb downstream of AQR,was a novel susceptibility SNP associated with T2 DM.The risk allele C of rs3743121 was correlated with the increased expression of AQR in white blood cells,similar to that observed in T2 DM models.The knockdown of AQR in HepG2 facilitated the glucose uptake,decreased the expression level of PCK2,increased the phosphorylation of GSK-3β,and restored the insulin sensitivity.Furthermore,the suppression of AQR inhibited the mTOR pathway and the protein ubiquitination process.Our study suggests that AQR is a novel type 2 diabetes-associated gene that regulates signaling pathways critical for glucose metabolism.
基金This work was supported,in part,by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant Numbers BK20201136,BK20191401in part,by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant Numbers 61502240,61502096,61304205,61773219in part,by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)fund.
文摘3D reconstruction based on single view aims to reconstruct the entire 3D shape of an object from one perspective.When existing methods reconstruct the mesh surface of complex objects,the surface details are difficult to predict and the reconstruction visual effect is poor because the mesh representation is not easily integrated into the deep learning framework;the 3D topology is easily limited by predefined templates and inflexible,and unnecessary mesh self-intersections and connections will be generated when reconstructing complex topology,thus destroying the surface details;the training of the reconstruction network is limited by the large amount of information attached to the mesh vertices,and the training time of the reconstructed network is too long.In this paper,we propose a method for fast mesh reconstruction from single view based on Graph Convolutional Network(GCN)and topology modification.We use GCN to ensure the generation of high-quality mesh surfaces and use topology modification to improve the flexibility of the topology.Meanwhile,a feature fusion method is proposed to make full use of the features of each stage of the image hierarchically.We use 3D open dataset ShapeNet to train our network and add a new weight parameter to speed up the training process.Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method can not only reconstruct object meshes on complex topological surfaces,but also has better qualitative and quantitative results.
文摘AIM: To elucidate the safety of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) under steady pressure automatically controlled endoscopy(SPACE) using carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).METHODS: Nine patients underwent PEG with a modified introducer method under conscious sedation. A T-tube was attached to the channel of an endoscope connected to an automatic surgical insufflator. The stomach was inflated under the SPACE system. The intragastric pressure was kept between 4-8 mmH g with a flow of CO_(2) at 35 L/min. Median procedure time, intragastric pressure, median systolic blood pressure, partial pressure of CO_(2), abdominal girth before and immediately after PEG, and free gas and small intestinal gas on abdominal X-ray before and after PEG were recorded. RESULTS: PEG was completed under stable pneumostomach in all patients, with a median procedural time of 22 min. Median intragastric pressure was 6.9 mmH g and median arterial CO_(2) pressure before and after PEG was 42.1 and 45.5 Torr(NS). The median abdominal girth before and after PEG was 68.1 and 69.6 cm(NS). A mild free gas image after PEG was observed in two patients, and faint abdominal gas in the downstream bowel was documented in two patients.CONCLUSION: SPACE might enable standardized pneumostomach and modified introducer procedure of PEG.
