Virtual Reality(VR)technology is widely recognized as a prominent technological paradigm.Its potential and promise in the domain of ophthalmology are substantial,and the evolution of VR technology has significantly in...Virtual Reality(VR)technology is widely recognized as a prominent technological paradigm.Its potential and promise in the domain of ophthalmology are substantial,and the evolution of VR technology has significantly influenced the contemporary landscape of ophthalmology.Numerous empirical studies have validated the practical utility of VR technology in domains such as ophthalmic disease treatment and surgery training.This paper offers a comprehensive overview of VR technology's utilization in ophthalmic disease treatment,student education,and surgery training,expands the application of VR technology in ophthalmic evaluation and disease diagnosis,discusses the challenges and limitations of VR technology in ophthalmology,and expounds on emerging trends and future developments of VR technology in ophthalmology.This endeavor aims to provide readers with an in-depth comprehension of the current status and future prospects of VR technology application in ophthalmology,with the ultimate objective of fostering more effective advancements and applications of VR technology in the realm of ophthalmology.展开更多
AIM： To report the indications for and techniques of corneal transplantation at Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology （VNIO） over a period of 12y （2002-2013）, METHODS： Records of patients who had undergone...AIM： To report the indications for and techniques of corneal transplantation at Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology （VNIO） over a period of 12y （2002-2013）, METHODS： Records of patients who had undergone corneal transplantation at VNIO from January 1, 2002 to January 1, 2014 were reviewed to determine the indication for and type of corneal transplant performed. Patient age, gender, indication for corneal transplantation and surgical technique were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS： Corneal transplantation were underwent in 1390 eyes of 1278 patients with a mean age of 44.9±18.1y during the period under review. The most common indication was infectious corneal ulcer （n=670; 48.2%）, followed by corneal scar （n=333, 24.0% ）, corneal dystrophy （n=138, 9.9%） and failed graft （n=112, 8.1%）. Nearly all procedures performed were penetrating keratoplasty （n=1300, 93.5% ）, with a few lamellar keratoplasty procedures performed： lamellar keratoplasty （n=52, 3.7%）, Descemet＇s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty （n =27, 1.9% ） and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty （n =11, 0.8%）.CONCLUSION： While the most common indication for keratoplasty was infectious keratitis, nearly all indications for corneal transplantation were managed with penetrating keratoplasty, However, lamellar keratoplasty techniques, including deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and Descemet＇s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, are being performed with increasing frequency for isolated stromal and endothelial disorders, respectively,展开更多
AIM: To analyze whether wet-lab training(WLT) or surgical-simulator training(SST) is better for ophthalmology residents to master the chopping technique.METHODS: Sixty ophthalmology residents(in their second year) and...AIM: To analyze whether wet-lab training(WLT) or surgical-simulator training(SST) is better for ophthalmology residents to master the chopping technique.METHODS: Sixty ophthalmology residents(in their second year) and three cataract surgeons participated in the study. The residents were randomly separated into two groups, WLT group and SST group. The residents in WLT group were asked to perform 10 trials of chopping using pig eyes and scored by the surgeons, and then they performed and scored using simulator for one time. The residents in SST group underwent 10 trials of chopping using simulator, and the simulator scored each trail. Then, this group were asked to perform the chopping using pig eyes and scored by the surgeons. At last, we investigated the residents’ satisfaction about the training.RESULTS: The demographic characteristics had no significant differences between the two groups. Recorded by the simulator, the residents in SST group got significantly higher overall score(83.90±1.31) than WLT group(78.73±1.92, P=0.03). And the residents in SST group got less corner area injured, and they spend less time than WLT group(P<0.05). Moreover, the residents in WLT group used more ultrasonic energy value than SST group(P=0.03). However, scored by the surgeons, the residents in two groups got nearly the same overall score. The residents in WLT group performed better on the frequencies of posterior capsule torn and incisional stress(P=0.03, 0.008, respectively). In the survey, the residents in two groups held the same opinion that the training was helpful and they strongly recommended this training. And all of them enjoyed the training, and enjoyed being randomized in their own group. However, with respect to the realistic character, the residents thought that WLT was better than SST(P<0.001).CONCLUSION: Both of the Eyesi surgical-stimulator and the wet-lab improve the residents’ chopping ability and each has its own advantages. The combination of the two training ways could be considered to be a part of the training curriculum for new residents.展开更多
Welcome to the World Journal of Ophthalmology （WJO）, a new general ophthalmology journal from Baishideng Publishing Group. The aim of the journal is to promote high quality research for and from eye-care practitio-...Welcome to the World Journal of Ophthalmology （WJO）, a new general ophthalmology journal from Baishideng Publishing Group. The aim of the journal is to promote high quality research for and from eye-care practitio-ners all over the world. The WJO is a new member of the World Journal series of peer-reviewed, international English-language, open-access journals that are de-signed to provide a fast peer review process for all sub-mitted manuscripts. We intended to provide the most up-to-date electronic means of articles in all fields of ophthalmology. New journal that is available on internet for everyone will provide a forum for publication and free access of high quality scientifc papers document-ing clinical and experimental advances in the areas of ophthalmology. All subspecialties within ophthalmol-ogy, visual sciences, pharmacology and drug therapy in eye diseases, primary and secondary eye care, patient safety reports, surgical techniques, and improvements in quality of care will be accepted for publication. We look forward in the future to your fascinating contribu-tions to the WJO.展开更多
General medicine is an emerging secondary clinical discipline that aims to serve the society and family health management,and it plays a key role in hierarchical diagnosis and treatment.General practitioners are the l...General medicine is an emerging secondary clinical discipline that aims to serve the society and family health management,and it plays a key role in hierarchical diagnosis and treatment.General practitioners are the leading providers of primary medical services and are responsible for comprehensive work such as diagnosis,treatment,preventive care,health record management,and referral of common and frequently-occurring diseases.They play an essential role in the health care system,providing comprehensive medical services to communities and families to improve people’s overall health.Developing and promoting general medicine are significant to establishing a sound medical and healthcare system,and improving primary medical services.Therefore,general practitioners require a broader range of knowledge than specialists,and the training model also differs from that of specialists.Given the short training time and heavy teaching tasks for ophthalmology,this article will combine the professional characteristics of ophthalmology to explore the application of appropriate teaching methods in a short period in order to achieve exemplary teaching results.In this process,it is necessary to comprehensively consider the professional characteristics of ophthalmology and the limitations of general practitioner training time,and discover appropriate teaching methods to improve the teaching effect and ensure the all-round development of students.展开更多
Ophthalmology is an integral part of general practice education,and it is of great significance to have some knowledge on ophthalmology even if the general practitioner is not an ophthalmologist.The subject characteri...Ophthalmology is an integral part of general practice education,and it is of great significance to have some knowledge on ophthalmology even if the general practitioner is not an ophthalmologist.The subject characteristics,the traditional mode of teaching,and the cognitive deviation of students have greatly influenced its teaching quality.The application of team-based learning(TBL)in ophthalmology education responds to the demand of modern medical education.Building a team,designing questions that combine theory and clinical practice,as well as employing a fair scoring system can stimulate students’learning interest and improve their learning autonomy and ability to ask questions and solve problems.展开更多
ChatGPT technology based on large language models(LLM)shows great potential in improving the quality of medical care,assisting clinical decision making and optimizing patient communication.The role of ChatGPT in ophth...ChatGPT technology based on large language models(LLM)shows great potential in improving the quality of medical care,assisting clinical decision making and optimizing patient communication.The role of ChatGPT in ophthalmology is still in its infancy.This review aims to explore the application prospect of ChatGPT in ophthalmology.Relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed,and the application prospects of LLM represented by ChatGPT in ophthalmology were summarized,including clinical assisted diagnosis,patient education and communication,history collection and text writing,clinical research,and medical education,etc.At the same time,the challenges and solutions faced by ChatGPT in ophthalmology were pointed out.Its safety,efficacy and ethics remain controversial in practical applications.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and research on its application to ensure safety and effectiveness.In the future,with the development of technology,ChatGPT is expected to play a greater role in ophthalmology and enhance the medical experience.展开更多
Glaucoma,a prevalent and debilitating eye disease,has long been associated with vision impairment and blindness.However,recent research has shed light on the often-underestimated psychological dimensions of this condi...Glaucoma,a prevalent and debilitating eye disease,has long been associated with vision impairment and blindness.However,recent research has shed light on the often-underestimated psychological dimensions of this condition.Anxiety and depression,two pervasive psychiatric comorbidities,have been increasingly recognized among glaucoma patients.This comprehensive review aims to explore the intricate relationship between psychiatry and ophthalmology,in the context of managing depression and anxiety in glaucoma patients.By meticulously examining peer-reviewed literature,we synthesize current knowledge on the prevalence,risk factors,and underlying mechanisms of anxiety and depression in glaucoma.The evidence reveals that glaucoma patients face an elevated risk of experiencing these mood disorders.Factors such as progressive vision loss,complex medication regimens,and the fear of further visual deterioration contribute to their vulnerability.Moreover,we delve into the bidirectional relationship between glaucoma and mood disorders,shedding light on the complex interplay between ocular and emotional health.Our review investigates the implications of anxiety and depression on glaucoma management,including their potential impact on treatment adherence,disease progression,and overall quality of life.We also explore the neurobiological pathways linking glaucoma and mood disorders,providing a foundation for future research and potential therapeutic interventions.In conclusion,recognizing the psychological burden carried by glaucoma patients is essential for holistic and patient-centered care.This review underscores the pressing need for integrated approaches that bring together ophthalmological and psychiatric expertise to optimize the well-being of individuals facing the challenges of glaucoma.By addressing anxiety and depression in glaucoma care,healthcare providers can enhance the overall quality of life for these patients,ultimately leading to improved outcomes and a brighter future for those affected by this condition.This review offers valuable insight for healthcare practitioners and researchers,providing a concise overview of key topics and research in the field of managing depression and anxiety in glaucoma patients.展开更多
Background and Objective:Social media(SoMe)has emerged as a tool in health professions education(HPE),particularly amidst the challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Despite the academia’s ...Background and Objective:Social media(SoMe)has emerged as a tool in health professions education(HPE),particularly amidst the challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Despite the academia’s initial skepticism SoMe has been gaining traction in supporting learning communities,and offering opportunities for innovation in HPE.Our study aims to explore the integration of SoMe in HPE.Four key components were outlined as necessary for a successful integration,and include designing learning experiences,defining educator roles,selecting appropriate platforms,and establishing educational objectives.Methods:This article stemmed from the online Teaching Skills Series module on SoMe in education from the Ophthalmology Foundation,and drew upon evidence supporting learning theories relevant to SoMe integration and models of education.Additionally,we conducted a literature review considering Englishlanguage articles on the application of SoMe in ophthalmology from PubMed over the past decade.Key Content and Findings:Early adopters of SoMe platforms in HPE have leveraged these tools to enhance learning experiences through interaction,dialogue,content sharing,and active learning strategies.By integrating SoMe into educational programs,both online and in-person,educators can overcome time and geographical constraints,fostering more diverse and inclusive learning communities.Careful consideration is,however,necessary to address potential limitations within HPE.Conclusions:This article lays groundwork for expanding SoMe integration in HPE design,emphasizing the supportive scaffold of various learning theories,and the need of furthering robust research on examining its advantages over traditional educational formats.Our literature review underscores an ongoing multifaceted,random application of SoMe platforms in ophthalmology education.We advocate for an effective incorporation of SoMe in HPE education,with the need to comply with good educational practice.展开更多
The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and contin...The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.展开更多
Dear editor,Artificial Intelligence(AI)has emerged as a transformative force across various domains,including healthcare and medical education.^(1)One prominent example of AI in the realm of natural language processin...Dear editor,Artificial Intelligence(AI)has emerged as a transformative force across various domains,including healthcare and medical education.^(1)One prominent example of AI in the realm of natural language processing is ChatGPT,a chatbot developed by OpenAI.^(2)ChatGPT generates con-textually relevant and coherent responses to a wide array of textual prompts,showcasing its potential in applications ranging from language understanding to problem-solving.^(3)展开更多
The use of interactive audience software,such as audience response systems(ARS),in medical education has become increasingly popular in recent years.This technology allows instructors to engage students in real time,e...The use of interactive audience software,such as audience response systems(ARS),in medical education has become increasingly popular in recent years.This technology allows instructors to engage students in real time,encouraging active participation and promoting effective learning.The benefits of interactive audience software in medical education include increased student engagement,promotion of active learning,and enhanced learning outcomes.However,there are also several challenges to its implementation,including technical difficulties,careful planning and preparation,over-reliance on technology,and ethical concerns related to privacy and data security.The cost of implementing interactive audience software may also be a barrier for some institutions.This paper specifically reviews six interactive software platforms,including Socrative,Quizizz,Pear Deck,Slido,Wooclap and ClassPoint.These platforms allow for real-time assessment of student understanding,feedback,and participation.They also enable instructors to adjust their teaching strategies based on student responses and feedback.Overall,interactive audience software has shown great potential to enhance learning and engagement in medical education.It is important for instructors to carefully consider the benefits and challenges of its implementation.While the cost of implementing interactive audience software may be a barrier for some institutions,there are free and low-cost options available.展开更多
Our goal as medical educators is for our students to learn what they need to know and competently perform ophthalmic procedures.In addition,the students need to have good communication skills and behave professionally...Our goal as medical educators is for our students to learn what they need to know and competently perform ophthalmic procedures.In addition,the students need to have good communication skills and behave professionally and ethically(1,2).Most medical educators are not taught how to teach but rather learn by role-modeling their mentors.This can be good or bad depending on the mentor!In addition,the amount of knowledge and numbers of surgical procedures is ever increasing and yet,in most countries,the amount of time to train and become competent is not changing.Thus,our goal of creating competent ophthalmologists is ever more challenging.展开更多
This paper analyzes the current status,technological developments,academic exchange platforms,and future challenges and solutions in the field of intelligent ophthalmology(IO)in China.In terms of technology,significan...This paper analyzes the current status,technological developments,academic exchange platforms,and future challenges and solutions in the field of intelligent ophthalmology(IO)in China.In terms of technology,significant progress has been made in various areas,including diabetic retinopathy,fundus image analysis,quality assessment of medical artificial intelligence products,clinical research methods,technical evaluation,and industry standards.Researchers continually enhance the safety and standardization of IO technology by formulating a series of clinical application guidelines and standards.The establishment of domestic and international academic exchange platforms provides extensive collaboration opportunities for professionals in various fields,and various academic journals serve as publication platforms for IO research.However,challenges such as technological innovation,data privacy and security,lagging regulations,and talent shortages still pose obstacles to future development.To address these issues,future efforts should focus on strengthening technological research and development,regulatory framework construction,talent cultivation,and increasing patient awareness and acceptance of new technologies.By comprehensively addressing these challenges,IO in China is poised to further lead the industry’s development on a global scale,bringing more innovation and convenience to the field of ophthalmic healthcare.展开更多
AIM:To compare the clinical outcomes of extended depth-of-focus intraocular lenses(EDOF IOLs)using either micromonovision implantation or mixed implantation of EDOF and diffractive bifocal IOLs.METHODS:This retrospect...AIM:To compare the clinical outcomes of extended depth-of-focus intraocular lenses(EDOF IOLs)using either micromonovision implantation or mixed implantation of EDOF and diffractive bifocal IOLs.METHODS:This retrospective clinical trial included 130 patients(260 eyes),who were divided into two groups.Group RR comprised 70 patients(140 eyes)bilaterally implanted with ZXR00 IOLs(Tecnis ZXR00,where one target was-0.5 D to-0.75 D and the other was 0 to-0.25 D).Group RM comprised 60 patients(120 eyes)unilaterally implanted with both ZXR00 and ZMB00 IOLs(Tecnis ZMB00,0 to-0.25 D).Postoperative outcomes were compared after 3 mo,including visual acuity,defocus curves,stereoacuity,modulation transfer functions(MTFs),higher-order aberrations,and Visual Function-14(VF-14)questionnaire responses.RESULTS:Group RR had superior bilateral intermediate vision,while the group RM had superior bilateral near vision(both P<0.05).Group RM also exhibited superior MTFs and reduced higher-order aberrations(both P<0.05).Stereoacuity and VF-14 questionnaire results showed no statistically significant difference between groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The implantation of micromonovision has significantly improved near vision.IOLs and their collocation can be customized according to individual patient needs to achieve precise treatment and provide cataract patients with high-quality vision.展开更多
The retina,a crucial neural tissue,is responsible for transforming light signals into visual information,a process that necessitates a significant amount of energy.Mitochondria,the primary powerhouses of the cell,play...The retina,a crucial neural tissue,is responsible for transforming light signals into visual information,a process that necessitates a significant amount of energy.Mitochondria,the primary powerhouses of the cell,play an integral role in retinal physiology by fulfilling the high-energy requirements of photoreceptors and secondary neurons through oxidative phosphorylation.In a healthy state,mitochondria ensure proper visual function by facilitating efficient conversion and transduction of visual signals.However,in retinal degenerative diseases,mitochondrial dysfunction significantly contributes to disease progression,involving a decline in membrane potential,the occurrence of DNA mutations,increased oxidative stress,and imbalances in quality-control mechanisms.These abnormalities lead to an inadequate energy supply,the exacerbation of oxidative damage,and the activation of cell death pathways,ultimately resulting in neuronal injury and dysfunction in the retina.Mitochondrial transplantation has emerged as a promising strategy for addressing these challenges.This procedure aims to restore metabolic activity and function in compromised cells through the introduction of healthy mitochondria,thereby enhancing the cellular energy production capacity and offering new strategies for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.Although mitochondrial transplantation presents operational and safety challenges that require further investigation,it has demonstrated potential for reviving the vitality of retinal neurons.This review offers a comprehensive examination of the principles and techniques underlying mitochondrial transplantation and its prospects for application in retinal degenerative diseases,while also delving into the associated technical and safety challenges,thereby providing references and insights for future research and treatment.展开更多
AIM:To explore the morphological and functional parameters to evaluate the effectiveness of intravitreal injections of ranibizumab(IVR)in treating macular edema(ME)secondary to retinal vein occlusion(RVO).METHODS:This...AIM:To explore the morphological and functional parameters to evaluate the effectiveness of intravitreal injections of ranibizumab(IVR)in treating macular edema(ME)secondary to retinal vein occlusion(RVO).METHODS:This retrospective study involved 65 RVO patients(65 eyes)who received IVR and were followedup for more than 3mo.ME was categorized into cystoid macular edema(CME),diffuse retinal thickening(DRT),and serous retinal detachment(SRD)according to optical coherence tomography(OCT)images.The comparison of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA;logMAR)and central macular thickness(CMT)among different follow-up points and those among 3 groups were performed by Kruskal-Wallis test.The correlation between BCVA and baseline parameters during treatment was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis.RESULTS:BCVA tended to improve in all groups,with marked improvement in CME and DRT groups.CMT showed the greatest reduction after 1wk,and remained stable over the following 3mo.DRT patients had the worst BCVA and the highest CMT at baseline,but the differences became smaller after IVR treatment.CMT in SRD group was significantly better than in CME and DRT groups 3mo after IVR.Most patients of CME and SRD groups transitioned to a normal pattern at 3mo follow-up.DRT patients were most likely to transform into the other morphological groups,while SRD patients showed minimal transitions.BCVA at baseline was identified as the most important prognostic indicator in all 3 groups.Additionally,DRT patients with a longer clinical course,higher CMT and central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)tend to exhibit worse BCVA after treatment.In addition,CRVO patients are more likely to have worse BCVA at 2 and 3mo follow-up compared with branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO)patients in CME group.SRD patients with higher baseline CMT were prone to experiencing worse BCVA after treatment.CONCLUSION:The effectiveness of IVR is strongly correlated with baseline BCVA in all 3 groups.Baseline parameters including clinical course,CMT,and RVO position are also useful in predicting the BCVA at different time points after treatment.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the etiology of ocular pathogens and to establish the various pathogens present in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis(CMVR).METHODS:A total of 17 HIV-infected p...AIM:To investigate the etiology of ocular pathogens and to establish the various pathogens present in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis(CMVR).METHODS:A total of 17 HIV-infected patients with concomitant eye disorders were enrolled.Patients were divided into CMVR group(10 patients,18 eyes)and non-CMVR group(7 patients,9 eyes)based on clinical manifestations and the presence of cytomegalovirus(CMV)-DNA in ocular specimens.The viral load of CMV was assessed using polymerase chain reaction in aqueous humor,vitreous fluid,and peripheral blood samples of patients in the CMVR group.Additionally,peripheral blood CD4^(+)T cell counts were measured in both groups.RESULTS:In the CMVR group,the CMV-DNA load in the vitreous and aqueous humor samples was substantially higher than in the peripheral blood samples(P<0.01).CMVDNA load in the aqueous humor and vitreous samples of the two eyes in the CMVR group was determined to be statistically significant(10 patients,16 eyes,P=0.018,0.012).Peripheral blood CD4^(+)T cell counts in the CMVR group were adversely linked with the CMV-DNA load in both the aqueous humor and peripheral blood(P=0.005,0.048).Compared with the non-CMVR group,the peripheral blood CD4^(+)T cell count in the CMVR group decreased significantly(P=0.014).The peripheral blood CD4^(+)T cell count exceeded 300 cells/μL in 85.71%of non-CMVR patients,whereas it was below 100 cells/μL in 90.00%of the CMVR group.The intraocular specimens of the patients who underwent CMVR testing did not include any additional infections.CONCLUSION:In HIV-associated CMVR patients,there may exist alternative,yet unidentified,infection pathways for intraocular CMV in addition to the conventional route.The substantial difference in CMV-DNA load between the eyes of most CMVR patients suggests that CMV may originate from different sources in each eye.The proportion of peripheral blood CD4^(+)T cells in HIV patients is negatively correlated with the quantity of CMV viruses in their eyes.The peripheral blood count of<100 cells/μL indicates a considerable increase in the risk of concurrent CMVR.Multi-ocular pathogen presentations are uncommon in HIV individuals with CMVR.展开更多
Dry eye disease(DED)is a multifactorial disorder that disturbs ocular surface equilibrium,considerably diminishing quality of life.Present therapies only offer symptomatic alleviation.Stem cell treatment,especially me...Dry eye disease(DED)is a multifactorial disorder that disturbs ocular surface equilibrium,considerably diminishing quality of life.Present therapies only offer symptomatic alleviation.Stem cell treatment,especially mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),has surfaced as a viable approach for tissue regeneration and immunological regulation in DED.Preclinical and early clinical investigations indicate that MSCs can improve lacrimal gland functionality,diminish inflammation,and facilitate corneal regeneration.Nonetheless,obstacles persist in enhancing MSC viability,determining the optimal MSC source,and guaranteeing sustained therapeutic effectiveness.Additional extensive randomized clinical trials are required to confirm the efficacy of MSC-based therapies for severe DED.展开更多
基金supported by the Fujian Provincial Undergraduate Teaching Reform Project(J21008)Teaching Research Program for Undergraduate Education at Fujian Medical University(J24030).
文摘Virtual Reality(VR)technology is widely recognized as a prominent technological paradigm.Its potential and promise in the domain of ophthalmology are substantial,and the evolution of VR technology has significantly influenced the contemporary landscape of ophthalmology.Numerous empirical studies have validated the practical utility of VR technology in domains such as ophthalmic disease treatment and surgery training.This paper offers a comprehensive overview of VR technology's utilization in ophthalmic disease treatment,student education,and surgery training,expands the application of VR technology in ophthalmic evaluation and disease diagnosis,discusses the challenges and limitations of VR technology in ophthalmology,and expounds on emerging trends and future developments of VR technology in ophthalmology.This endeavor aims to provide readers with an in-depth comprehension of the current status and future prospects of VR technology application in ophthalmology,with the ultimate objective of fostering more effective advancements and applications of VR technology in the realm of ophthalmology.
文摘AIM： To report the indications for and techniques of corneal transplantation at Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology （VNIO） over a period of 12y （2002-2013）, METHODS： Records of patients who had undergone corneal transplantation at VNIO from January 1, 2002 to January 1, 2014 were reviewed to determine the indication for and type of corneal transplant performed. Patient age, gender, indication for corneal transplantation and surgical technique were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS： Corneal transplantation were underwent in 1390 eyes of 1278 patients with a mean age of 44.9±18.1y during the period under review. The most common indication was infectious corneal ulcer （n=670; 48.2%）, followed by corneal scar （n=333, 24.0% ）, corneal dystrophy （n=138, 9.9%） and failed graft （n=112, 8.1%）. Nearly all procedures performed were penetrating keratoplasty （n=1300, 93.5% ）, with a few lamellar keratoplasty procedures performed： lamellar keratoplasty （n=52, 3.7%）, Descemet＇s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty （n =27, 1.9% ） and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty （n =11, 0.8%）.CONCLUSION： While the most common indication for keratoplasty was infectious keratitis, nearly all indications for corneal transplantation were managed with penetrating keratoplasty, However, lamellar keratoplasty techniques, including deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and Descemet＇s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, are being performed with increasing frequency for isolated stromal and endothelial disorders, respectively,
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation Grant from Jiangxi Science and Technology Department (No.20192BAB205049)Young Talent Scholar Grant (No.2016KJXX-12)from Shaanxi Science and Technology Department, Teaching Reform Grant (No.JC2020-0309,No.JG20190330)。
文摘AIM: To analyze whether wet-lab training(WLT) or surgical-simulator training(SST) is better for ophthalmology residents to master the chopping technique.METHODS: Sixty ophthalmology residents(in their second year) and three cataract surgeons participated in the study. The residents were randomly separated into two groups, WLT group and SST group. The residents in WLT group were asked to perform 10 trials of chopping using pig eyes and scored by the surgeons, and then they performed and scored using simulator for one time. The residents in SST group underwent 10 trials of chopping using simulator, and the simulator scored each trail. Then, this group were asked to perform the chopping using pig eyes and scored by the surgeons. At last, we investigated the residents’ satisfaction about the training.RESULTS: The demographic characteristics had no significant differences between the two groups. Recorded by the simulator, the residents in SST group got significantly higher overall score(83.90±1.31) than WLT group(78.73±1.92, P=0.03). And the residents in SST group got less corner area injured, and they spend less time than WLT group(P<0.05). Moreover, the residents in WLT group used more ultrasonic energy value than SST group(P=0.03). However, scored by the surgeons, the residents in two groups got nearly the same overall score. The residents in WLT group performed better on the frequencies of posterior capsule torn and incisional stress(P=0.03, 0.008, respectively). In the survey, the residents in two groups held the same opinion that the training was helpful and they strongly recommended this training. And all of them enjoyed the training, and enjoyed being randomized in their own group. However, with respect to the realistic character, the residents thought that WLT was better than SST(P<0.001).CONCLUSION: Both of the Eyesi surgical-stimulator and the wet-lab improve the residents’ chopping ability and each has its own advantages. The combination of the two training ways could be considered to be a part of the training curriculum for new residents.
文摘Welcome to the World Journal of Ophthalmology （WJO）, a new general ophthalmology journal from Baishideng Publishing Group. The aim of the journal is to promote high quality research for and from eye-care practitio-ners all over the world. The WJO is a new member of the World Journal series of peer-reviewed, international English-language, open-access journals that are de-signed to provide a fast peer review process for all sub-mitted manuscripts. We intended to provide the most up-to-date electronic means of articles in all fields of ophthalmology. New journal that is available on internet for everyone will provide a forum for publication and free access of high quality scientifc papers document-ing clinical and experimental advances in the areas of ophthalmology. All subspecialties within ophthalmol-ogy, visual sciences, pharmacology and drug therapy in eye diseases, primary and secondary eye care, patient safety reports, surgical techniques, and improvements in quality of care will be accepted for publication. We look forward in the future to your fascinating contribu-tions to the WJO.
文摘General medicine is an emerging secondary clinical discipline that aims to serve the society and family health management,and it plays a key role in hierarchical diagnosis and treatment.General practitioners are the leading providers of primary medical services and are responsible for comprehensive work such as diagnosis,treatment,preventive care,health record management,and referral of common and frequently-occurring diseases.They play an essential role in the health care system,providing comprehensive medical services to communities and families to improve people’s overall health.Developing and promoting general medicine are significant to establishing a sound medical and healthcare system,and improving primary medical services.Therefore,general practitioners require a broader range of knowledge than specialists,and the training model also differs from that of specialists.Given the short training time and heavy teaching tasks for ophthalmology,this article will combine the professional characteristics of ophthalmology to explore the application of appropriate teaching methods in a short period in order to achieve exemplary teaching results.In this process,it is necessary to comprehensively consider the professional characteristics of ophthalmology and the limitations of general practitioner training time,and discover appropriate teaching methods to improve the teaching effect and ensure the all-round development of students.
文摘Ophthalmology is an integral part of general practice education,and it is of great significance to have some knowledge on ophthalmology even if the general practitioner is not an ophthalmologist.The subject characteristics,the traditional mode of teaching,and the cognitive deviation of students have greatly influenced its teaching quality.The application of team-based learning(TBL)in ophthalmology education responds to the demand of modern medical education.Building a team,designing questions that combine theory and clinical practice,as well as employing a fair scoring system can stimulate students’learning interest and improve their learning autonomy and ability to ask questions and solve problems.
基金Supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.825RC898)and Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center.
文摘ChatGPT technology based on large language models(LLM)shows great potential in improving the quality of medical care,assisting clinical decision making and optimizing patient communication.The role of ChatGPT in ophthalmology is still in its infancy.This review aims to explore the application prospect of ChatGPT in ophthalmology.Relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed,and the application prospects of LLM represented by ChatGPT in ophthalmology were summarized,including clinical assisted diagnosis,patient education and communication,history collection and text writing,clinical research,and medical education,etc.At the same time,the challenges and solutions faced by ChatGPT in ophthalmology were pointed out.Its safety,efficacy and ethics remain controversial in practical applications.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and research on its application to ensure safety and effectiveness.In the future,with the development of technology,ChatGPT is expected to play a greater role in ophthalmology and enhance the medical experience.
文摘Glaucoma,a prevalent and debilitating eye disease,has long been associated with vision impairment and blindness.However,recent research has shed light on the often-underestimated psychological dimensions of this condition.Anxiety and depression,two pervasive psychiatric comorbidities,have been increasingly recognized among glaucoma patients.This comprehensive review aims to explore the intricate relationship between psychiatry and ophthalmology,in the context of managing depression and anxiety in glaucoma patients.By meticulously examining peer-reviewed literature,we synthesize current knowledge on the prevalence,risk factors,and underlying mechanisms of anxiety and depression in glaucoma.The evidence reveals that glaucoma patients face an elevated risk of experiencing these mood disorders.Factors such as progressive vision loss,complex medication regimens,and the fear of further visual deterioration contribute to their vulnerability.Moreover,we delve into the bidirectional relationship between glaucoma and mood disorders,shedding light on the complex interplay between ocular and emotional health.Our review investigates the implications of anxiety and depression on glaucoma management,including their potential impact on treatment adherence,disease progression,and overall quality of life.We also explore the neurobiological pathways linking glaucoma and mood disorders,providing a foundation for future research and potential therapeutic interventions.In conclusion,recognizing the psychological burden carried by glaucoma patients is essential for holistic and patient-centered care.This review underscores the pressing need for integrated approaches that bring together ophthalmological and psychiatric expertise to optimize the well-being of individuals facing the challenges of glaucoma.By addressing anxiety and depression in glaucoma care,healthcare providers can enhance the overall quality of life for these patients,ultimately leading to improved outcomes and a brighter future for those affected by this condition.This review offers valuable insight for healthcare practitioners and researchers,providing a concise overview of key topics and research in the field of managing depression and anxiety in glaucoma patients.
文摘Background and Objective:Social media(SoMe)has emerged as a tool in health professions education(HPE),particularly amidst the challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Despite the academia’s initial skepticism SoMe has been gaining traction in supporting learning communities,and offering opportunities for innovation in HPE.Our study aims to explore the integration of SoMe in HPE.Four key components were outlined as necessary for a successful integration,and include designing learning experiences,defining educator roles,selecting appropriate platforms,and establishing educational objectives.Methods:This article stemmed from the online Teaching Skills Series module on SoMe in education from the Ophthalmology Foundation,and drew upon evidence supporting learning theories relevant to SoMe integration and models of education.Additionally,we conducted a literature review considering Englishlanguage articles on the application of SoMe in ophthalmology from PubMed over the past decade.Key Content and Findings:Early adopters of SoMe platforms in HPE have leveraged these tools to enhance learning experiences through interaction,dialogue,content sharing,and active learning strategies.By integrating SoMe into educational programs,both online and in-person,educators can overcome time and geographical constraints,fostering more diverse and inclusive learning communities.Careful consideration is,however,necessary to address potential limitations within HPE.Conclusions:This article lays groundwork for expanding SoMe integration in HPE design,emphasizing the supportive scaffold of various learning theories,and the need of furthering robust research on examining its advantages over traditional educational formats.Our literature review underscores an ongoing multifaceted,random application of SoMe platforms in ophthalmology education.We advocate for an effective incorporation of SoMe in HPE education,with the need to comply with good educational practice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81901156(to ZZ),82271200(to ZZ),82171308(to XC)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.xzy012022035(to ZZ)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,Nos.2021JM-261(to QK),2023-YBSF-303(to ZZ)Traditional Chinese Medicine Project of Shaanxi Province,No.2019-ZZ-JC047(to QK)。
文摘The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.
文摘Dear editor,Artificial Intelligence(AI)has emerged as a transformative force across various domains,including healthcare and medical education.^(1)One prominent example of AI in the realm of natural language processing is ChatGPT,a chatbot developed by OpenAI.^(2)ChatGPT generates con-textually relevant and coherent responses to a wide array of textual prompts,showcasing its potential in applications ranging from language understanding to problem-solving.^(3)
文摘The use of interactive audience software,such as audience response systems(ARS),in medical education has become increasingly popular in recent years.This technology allows instructors to engage students in real time,encouraging active participation and promoting effective learning.The benefits of interactive audience software in medical education include increased student engagement,promotion of active learning,and enhanced learning outcomes.However,there are also several challenges to its implementation,including technical difficulties,careful planning and preparation,over-reliance on technology,and ethical concerns related to privacy and data security.The cost of implementing interactive audience software may also be a barrier for some institutions.This paper specifically reviews six interactive software platforms,including Socrative,Quizizz,Pear Deck,Slido,Wooclap and ClassPoint.These platforms allow for real-time assessment of student understanding,feedback,and participation.They also enable instructors to adjust their teaching strategies based on student responses and feedback.Overall,interactive audience software has shown great potential to enhance learning and engagement in medical education.It is important for instructors to carefully consider the benefits and challenges of its implementation.While the cost of implementing interactive audience software may be a barrier for some institutions,there are free and low-cost options available.
文摘Our goal as medical educators is for our students to learn what they need to know and competently perform ophthalmic procedures.In addition,the students need to have good communication skills and behave professionally and ethically(1,2).Most medical educators are not taught how to teach but rather learn by role-modeling their mentors.This can be good or bad depending on the mentor!In addition,the amount of knowledge and numbers of surgical procedures is ever increasing and yet,in most countries,the amount of time to train and become competent is not changing.Thus,our goal of creating competent ophthalmologists is ever more challenging.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.62306254)SanMing Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202311012)+1 种基金Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialties(No.SZGSP014)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KCXFZ20211020163813019).
文摘This paper analyzes the current status,technological developments,academic exchange platforms,and future challenges and solutions in the field of intelligent ophthalmology(IO)in China.In terms of technology,significant progress has been made in various areas,including diabetic retinopathy,fundus image analysis,quality assessment of medical artificial intelligence products,clinical research methods,technical evaluation,and industry standards.Researchers continually enhance the safety and standardization of IO technology by formulating a series of clinical application guidelines and standards.The establishment of domestic and international academic exchange platforms provides extensive collaboration opportunities for professionals in various fields,and various academic journals serve as publication platforms for IO research.However,challenges such as technological innovation,data privacy and security,lagging regulations,and talent shortages still pose obstacles to future development.To address these issues,future efforts should focus on strengthening technological research and development,regulatory framework construction,talent cultivation,and increasing patient awareness and acceptance of new technologies.By comprehensively addressing these challenges,IO in China is poised to further lead the industry’s development on a global scale,bringing more innovation and convenience to the field of ophthalmic healthcare.
文摘AIM:To compare the clinical outcomes of extended depth-of-focus intraocular lenses(EDOF IOLs)using either micromonovision implantation or mixed implantation of EDOF and diffractive bifocal IOLs.METHODS:This retrospective clinical trial included 130 patients(260 eyes),who were divided into two groups.Group RR comprised 70 patients(140 eyes)bilaterally implanted with ZXR00 IOLs(Tecnis ZXR00,where one target was-0.5 D to-0.75 D and the other was 0 to-0.25 D).Group RM comprised 60 patients(120 eyes)unilaterally implanted with both ZXR00 and ZMB00 IOLs(Tecnis ZMB00,0 to-0.25 D).Postoperative outcomes were compared after 3 mo,including visual acuity,defocus curves,stereoacuity,modulation transfer functions(MTFs),higher-order aberrations,and Visual Function-14(VF-14)questionnaire responses.RESULTS:Group RR had superior bilateral intermediate vision,while the group RM had superior bilateral near vision(both P<0.05).Group RM also exhibited superior MTFs and reduced higher-order aberrations(both P<0.05).Stereoacuity and VF-14 questionnaire results showed no statistically significant difference between groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The implantation of micromonovision has significantly improved near vision.IOLs and their collocation can be customized according to individual patient needs to achieve precise treatment and provide cataract patients with high-quality vision.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.8247041526,81570864,82171053(to GYL)。
文摘The retina,a crucial neural tissue,is responsible for transforming light signals into visual information,a process that necessitates a significant amount of energy.Mitochondria,the primary powerhouses of the cell,play an integral role in retinal physiology by fulfilling the high-energy requirements of photoreceptors and secondary neurons through oxidative phosphorylation.In a healthy state,mitochondria ensure proper visual function by facilitating efficient conversion and transduction of visual signals.However,in retinal degenerative diseases,mitochondrial dysfunction significantly contributes to disease progression,involving a decline in membrane potential,the occurrence of DNA mutations,increased oxidative stress,and imbalances in quality-control mechanisms.These abnormalities lead to an inadequate energy supply,the exacerbation of oxidative damage,and the activation of cell death pathways,ultimately resulting in neuronal injury and dysfunction in the retina.Mitochondrial transplantation has emerged as a promising strategy for addressing these challenges.This procedure aims to restore metabolic activity and function in compromised cells through the introduction of healthy mitochondria,thereby enhancing the cellular energy production capacity and offering new strategies for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.Although mitochondrial transplantation presents operational and safety challenges that require further investigation,it has demonstrated potential for reviving the vitality of retinal neurons.This review offers a comprehensive examination of the principles and techniques underlying mitochondrial transplantation and its prospects for application in retinal degenerative diseases,while also delving into the associated technical and safety challenges,thereby providing references and insights for future research and treatment.
基金Supported by the Suzhou Medical Innovation Application Research Project(SZM2023027).
文摘AIM:To explore the morphological and functional parameters to evaluate the effectiveness of intravitreal injections of ranibizumab(IVR)in treating macular edema(ME)secondary to retinal vein occlusion(RVO).METHODS:This retrospective study involved 65 RVO patients(65 eyes)who received IVR and were followedup for more than 3mo.ME was categorized into cystoid macular edema(CME),diffuse retinal thickening(DRT),and serous retinal detachment(SRD)according to optical coherence tomography(OCT)images.The comparison of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA;logMAR)and central macular thickness(CMT)among different follow-up points and those among 3 groups were performed by Kruskal-Wallis test.The correlation between BCVA and baseline parameters during treatment was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis.RESULTS:BCVA tended to improve in all groups,with marked improvement in CME and DRT groups.CMT showed the greatest reduction after 1wk,and remained stable over the following 3mo.DRT patients had the worst BCVA and the highest CMT at baseline,but the differences became smaller after IVR treatment.CMT in SRD group was significantly better than in CME and DRT groups 3mo after IVR.Most patients of CME and SRD groups transitioned to a normal pattern at 3mo follow-up.DRT patients were most likely to transform into the other morphological groups,while SRD patients showed minimal transitions.BCVA at baseline was identified as the most important prognostic indicator in all 3 groups.Additionally,DRT patients with a longer clinical course,higher CMT and central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)tend to exhibit worse BCVA after treatment.In addition,CRVO patients are more likely to have worse BCVA at 2 and 3mo follow-up compared with branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO)patients in CME group.SRD patients with higher baseline CMT were prone to experiencing worse BCVA after treatment.CONCLUSION:The effectiveness of IVR is strongly correlated with baseline BCVA in all 3 groups.Baseline parameters including clinical course,CMT,and RVO position are also useful in predicting the BCVA at different time points after treatment.
基金Supported by the Self-funded Research Project of the Health and Family Planning Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(No.Z2016325).
文摘AIM:To investigate the etiology of ocular pathogens and to establish the various pathogens present in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis(CMVR).METHODS:A total of 17 HIV-infected patients with concomitant eye disorders were enrolled.Patients were divided into CMVR group(10 patients,18 eyes)and non-CMVR group(7 patients,9 eyes)based on clinical manifestations and the presence of cytomegalovirus(CMV)-DNA in ocular specimens.The viral load of CMV was assessed using polymerase chain reaction in aqueous humor,vitreous fluid,and peripheral blood samples of patients in the CMVR group.Additionally,peripheral blood CD4^(+)T cell counts were measured in both groups.RESULTS:In the CMVR group,the CMV-DNA load in the vitreous and aqueous humor samples was substantially higher than in the peripheral blood samples(P<0.01).CMVDNA load in the aqueous humor and vitreous samples of the two eyes in the CMVR group was determined to be statistically significant(10 patients,16 eyes,P=0.018,0.012).Peripheral blood CD4^(+)T cell counts in the CMVR group were adversely linked with the CMV-DNA load in both the aqueous humor and peripheral blood(P=0.005,0.048).Compared with the non-CMVR group,the peripheral blood CD4^(+)T cell count in the CMVR group decreased significantly(P=0.014).The peripheral blood CD4^(+)T cell count exceeded 300 cells/μL in 85.71%of non-CMVR patients,whereas it was below 100 cells/μL in 90.00%of the CMVR group.The intraocular specimens of the patients who underwent CMVR testing did not include any additional infections.CONCLUSION:In HIV-associated CMVR patients,there may exist alternative,yet unidentified,infection pathways for intraocular CMV in addition to the conventional route.The substantial difference in CMV-DNA load between the eyes of most CMVR patients suggests that CMV may originate from different sources in each eye.The proportion of peripheral blood CD4^(+)T cells in HIV patients is negatively correlated with the quantity of CMV viruses in their eyes.The peripheral blood count of<100 cells/μL indicates a considerable increase in the risk of concurrent CMVR.Multi-ocular pathogen presentations are uncommon in HIV individuals with CMVR.
文摘Dry eye disease(DED)is a multifactorial disorder that disturbs ocular surface equilibrium,considerably diminishing quality of life.Present therapies only offer symptomatic alleviation.Stem cell treatment,especially mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),has surfaced as a viable approach for tissue regeneration and immunological regulation in DED.Preclinical and early clinical investigations indicate that MSCs can improve lacrimal gland functionality,diminish inflammation,and facilitate corneal regeneration.Nonetheless,obstacles persist in enhancing MSC viability,determining the optimal MSC source,and guaranteeing sustained therapeutic effectiveness.Additional extensive randomized clinical trials are required to confirm the efficacy of MSC-based therapies for severe DED.
