Virtual Reality(VR)technology is widely recognized as a prominent technological paradigm.Its potential and promise in the domain of ophthalmology are substantial,and the evolution of VR technology has significantly in...Virtual Reality(VR)technology is widely recognized as a prominent technological paradigm.Its potential and promise in the domain of ophthalmology are substantial,and the evolution of VR technology has significantly influenced the contemporary landscape of ophthalmology.Numerous empirical studies have validated the practical utility of VR technology in domains such as ophthalmic disease treatment and surgery training.This paper offers a comprehensive overview of VR technology's utilization in ophthalmic disease treatment,student education,and surgery training,expands the application of VR technology in ophthalmic evaluation and disease diagnosis,discusses the challenges and limitations of VR technology in ophthalmology,and expounds on emerging trends and future developments of VR technology in ophthalmology.This endeavor aims to provide readers with an in-depth comprehension of the current status and future prospects of VR technology application in ophthalmology,with the ultimate objective of fostering more effective advancements and applications of VR technology in the realm of ophthalmology.展开更多
AIM： To report the indications for and techniques of corneal transplantation at Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology （VNIO） over a period of 12y （2002-2013）, METHODS： Records of patients who had undergone...AIM： To report the indications for and techniques of corneal transplantation at Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology （VNIO） over a period of 12y （2002-2013）, METHODS： Records of patients who had undergone corneal transplantation at VNIO from January 1, 2002 to January 1, 2014 were reviewed to determine the indication for and type of corneal transplant performed. Patient age, gender, indication for corneal transplantation and surgical technique were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS： Corneal transplantation were underwent in 1390 eyes of 1278 patients with a mean age of 44.9±18.1y during the period under review. The most common indication was infectious corneal ulcer （n=670; 48.2%）, followed by corneal scar （n=333, 24.0% ）, corneal dystrophy （n=138, 9.9%） and failed graft （n=112, 8.1%）. Nearly all procedures performed were penetrating keratoplasty （n=1300, 93.5% ）, with a few lamellar keratoplasty procedures performed： lamellar keratoplasty （n=52, 3.7%）, Descemet＇s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty （n =27, 1.9% ） and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty （n =11, 0.8%）.CONCLUSION： While the most common indication for keratoplasty was infectious keratitis, nearly all indications for corneal transplantation were managed with penetrating keratoplasty, However, lamellar keratoplasty techniques, including deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and Descemet＇s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, are being performed with increasing frequency for isolated stromal and endothelial disorders, respectively,展开更多
AIM: To analyze whether wet-lab training(WLT) or surgical-simulator training(SST) is better for ophthalmology residents to master the chopping technique.METHODS: Sixty ophthalmology residents(in their second year) and...AIM: To analyze whether wet-lab training(WLT) or surgical-simulator training(SST) is better for ophthalmology residents to master the chopping technique.METHODS: Sixty ophthalmology residents(in their second year) and three cataract surgeons participated in the study. The residents were randomly separated into two groups, WLT group and SST group. The residents in WLT group were asked to perform 10 trials of chopping using pig eyes and scored by the surgeons, and then they performed and scored using simulator for one time. The residents in SST group underwent 10 trials of chopping using simulator, and the simulator scored each trail. Then, this group were asked to perform the chopping using pig eyes and scored by the surgeons. At last, we investigated the residents’ satisfaction about the training.RESULTS: The demographic characteristics had no significant differences between the two groups. Recorded by the simulator, the residents in SST group got significantly higher overall score(83.90±1.31) than WLT group(78.73±1.92, P=0.03). And the residents in SST group got less corner area injured, and they spend less time than WLT group(P<0.05). Moreover, the residents in WLT group used more ultrasonic energy value than SST group(P=0.03). However, scored by the surgeons, the residents in two groups got nearly the same overall score. The residents in WLT group performed better on the frequencies of posterior capsule torn and incisional stress(P=0.03, 0.008, respectively). In the survey, the residents in two groups held the same opinion that the training was helpful and they strongly recommended this training. And all of them enjoyed the training, and enjoyed being randomized in their own group. However, with respect to the realistic character, the residents thought that WLT was better than SST(P<0.001).CONCLUSION: Both of the Eyesi surgical-stimulator and the wet-lab improve the residents’ chopping ability and each has its own advantages. The combination of the two training ways could be considered to be a part of the training curriculum for new residents.展开更多
Welcome to the World Journal of Ophthalmology （WJO）, a new general ophthalmology journal from Baishideng Publishing Group. The aim of the journal is to promote high quality research for and from eye-care practitio-...Welcome to the World Journal of Ophthalmology （WJO）, a new general ophthalmology journal from Baishideng Publishing Group. The aim of the journal is to promote high quality research for and from eye-care practitio-ners all over the world. The WJO is a new member of the World Journal series of peer-reviewed, international English-language, open-access journals that are de-signed to provide a fast peer review process for all sub-mitted manuscripts. We intended to provide the most up-to-date electronic means of articles in all fields of ophthalmology. New journal that is available on internet for everyone will provide a forum for publication and free access of high quality scientifc papers document-ing clinical and experimental advances in the areas of ophthalmology. All subspecialties within ophthalmol-ogy, visual sciences, pharmacology and drug therapy in eye diseases, primary and secondary eye care, patient safety reports, surgical techniques, and improvements in quality of care will be accepted for publication. We look forward in the future to your fascinating contribu-tions to the WJO.展开更多
Ophthalmology is an integral part of general practice education,and it is of great significance to have some knowledge on ophthalmology even if the general practitioner is not an ophthalmologist.The subject characteri...Ophthalmology is an integral part of general practice education,and it is of great significance to have some knowledge on ophthalmology even if the general practitioner is not an ophthalmologist.The subject characteristics,the traditional mode of teaching,and the cognitive deviation of students have greatly influenced its teaching quality.The application of team-based learning(TBL)in ophthalmology education responds to the demand of modern medical education.Building a team,designing questions that combine theory and clinical practice,as well as employing a fair scoring system can stimulate students’learning interest and improve their learning autonomy and ability to ask questions and solve problems.展开更多
General medicine is an emerging secondary clinical discipline that aims to serve the society and family health management,and it plays a key role in hierarchical diagnosis and treatment.General practitioners are the l...General medicine is an emerging secondary clinical discipline that aims to serve the society and family health management,and it plays a key role in hierarchical diagnosis and treatment.General practitioners are the leading providers of primary medical services and are responsible for comprehensive work such as diagnosis,treatment,preventive care,health record management,and referral of common and frequently-occurring diseases.They play an essential role in the health care system,providing comprehensive medical services to communities and families to improve people’s overall health.Developing and promoting general medicine are significant to establishing a sound medical and healthcare system,and improving primary medical services.Therefore,general practitioners require a broader range of knowledge than specialists,and the training model also differs from that of specialists.Given the short training time and heavy teaching tasks for ophthalmology,this article will combine the professional characteristics of ophthalmology to explore the application of appropriate teaching methods in a short period in order to achieve exemplary teaching results.In this process,it is necessary to comprehensively consider the professional characteristics of ophthalmology and the limitations of general practitioner training time,and discover appropriate teaching methods to improve the teaching effect and ensure the all-round development of students.展开更多
ChatGPT technology based on large language models(LLM)shows great potential in improving the quality of medical care,assisting clinical decision making and optimizing patient communication.The role of ChatGPT in ophth...ChatGPT technology based on large language models(LLM)shows great potential in improving the quality of medical care,assisting clinical decision making and optimizing patient communication.The role of ChatGPT in ophthalmology is still in its infancy.This review aims to explore the application prospect of ChatGPT in ophthalmology.Relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed,and the application prospects of LLM represented by ChatGPT in ophthalmology were summarized,including clinical assisted diagnosis,patient education and communication,history collection and text writing,clinical research,and medical education,etc.At the same time,the challenges and solutions faced by ChatGPT in ophthalmology were pointed out.Its safety,efficacy and ethics remain controversial in practical applications.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and research on its application to ensure safety and effectiveness.In the future,with the development of technology,ChatGPT is expected to play a greater role in ophthalmology and enhance the medical experience.展开更多
The intersection of visual impairment and mental health has profound effects on quality of life and warrants attention from healthcare providers,educators,and policymakers.With 20 million children under the age of 14 ...The intersection of visual impairment and mental health has profound effects on quality of life and warrants attention from healthcare providers,educators,and policymakers.With 20 million children under the age of 14 affected globally,older adults also experience significant psychological impact including depression,anxiety,and cognitive impairment.The implications of vision-related challenges extend far beyond mere sight.Depression and anxiety,exacerbated by social isolation and reduced physical activity,underscore the need for comprehensive interventions that address both medical and psychosocial dimensions.By recognizing the profound impact of ocular morbidities like strabismus,myopia,glaucoma,and age-related macular degeneration on mental health and investing in effective treatments and inclusive practices,society can pave the way for a healthier,more equitable future for affected individuals.There is evidence that myopic children experience a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to their normal peers,and interventions like the correction of strabismus can enhance psychological outcome-demonstrating the value of an integrated management approach.展开更多
Tunneling nanotubes are crucial structures for cellular communication and are observed in a variety of cell types.Glial cells,the most abundant cells in the nervous system,play a vital role in intercellular signaling ...Tunneling nanotubes are crucial structures for cellular communication and are observed in a variety of cell types.Glial cells,the most abundant cells in the nervous system,play a vital role in intercellular signaling and can show abnormal activation under pathological conditions.Our bibliometric analysis indicated a substantial increase in research on tunneling nanotubes over the past two decades,highlighting their important role in cellular communication.This review focuses on the formation of tunneling nanotubes in various types of glial cells,including astrocytes,microglia,glioma cells,and Schwann cells,as well as their roles in cellular communication and cargo transport.We found that glial cells influence the stability of the neural system and play a role in nerve regeneration through tunneling nanotubes.Tunneling nanotubes facilitate the transmission and progression of diseases by transporting pathogens and harmful substances.However,they are also involved in alleviating cellular stress by removing toxins and delivering essential nutrients.Understanding the interactions between glial cells through tunneling nanotubes could provide valuable insights into the complex neural networks that govern brain function and responses to injury.展开更多
Synaptic plasticity is essential for maintaining neuronal function in the central nervous system and serves as a critical indicator of the effects of neurodegenerative disease.Glaucoma directly impairs retinal ganglio...Synaptic plasticity is essential for maintaining neuronal function in the central nervous system and serves as a critical indicator of the effects of neurodegenerative disease.Glaucoma directly impairs retinal ganglion cells and their axons,leading to axonal transport dysfuntion,subsequently causing secondary damage to anterior or posterior ends of the visual system.Accordingly,recent evidence indicates that glaucoma is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system that causes damage throughout the visual pathway.However,the effects of glaucoma on synaptic plasticity in the primary visual cortex remain unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of unilateral chronic ocular hypertension by injecting magnetic microbeads into the anterior chamber of one eye.We found that,after 4 weeks of chronic ocular hypertension,the neuronal somas were smaller in the superior colliculus and lateral geniculate body regions of the brain contralateral to the affected eye.This was accompanied by glial cell activation and increased expression of inflammatory factors.After 8 weeks of ocular hypertension,we observed a reduction in the number of excitatory and inhibitory synapses,dendritic spines,and activation of glial cells in the primary visual cortex contralateral to the affected eye.These findings suggest that glaucoma not only directly damages the retina but also induces alterations in synapses and dendritic spines in the primary visual cortex,providing new insights into the pathogenesis of glaucoma.展开更多
Dear Editor,Ciliary body masses are diagnostically challenging due to their hidden location,diverse pathologies,and limited examination methods[1].We report a case of a ciliary body inflammatory mass treated with tran...Dear Editor,Ciliary body masses are diagnostically challenging due to their hidden location,diverse pathologies,and limited examination methods[1].We report a case of a ciliary body inflammatory mass treated with trans-scleral excision and antiinflammatory therapy,preserving functional vision.展开更多
AIM:To investigate age-related differences in the irislens angle(ILA)among patients with age-related cortical cataracts and elucidate the impact of age on lens stability.METHODS:A prospective observational study was c...AIM:To investigate age-related differences in the irislens angle(ILA)among patients with age-related cortical cataracts and elucidate the impact of age on lens stability.METHODS:A prospective observational study was conducted on patients with age-related cortical cataracts scheduled for phacoemulsification surgery.Preoperative ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)images were collected and analyzed.Initially,patients were stratified into two age groups:<60y and≥60y,with no significant intergroup differences in sex or eye laterality.For further analysis,participants were subdivided into three age strata:<60y,60-75y,and>75y.The ILA was measured in four quadrants(superior,inferior,nasal,and temporal).Intergroup differences in ILA were compared,and correlations between age and ILA parameters were analyzed using statistical methods.RESULTS:The sample data were categorized into three groups according to age,<60y(113 patients;55.8%female),60–75y(245 patients;61.0%female),and>75y(70 patients;50.2%female).The superior quadrant ILA increased progressively with age stratification(P=0.02),and the maximum ILA difference(ΔILA)was significantly higher in patients over 75y(P<0.01).Simple linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between age and ILA in the superior(Y=7.487+0.096X,R=0.191,P<0.001)and temporal(Y=10.254+0.052X,R=0.104,P=0.032)quadrants.Additionally,the mean ILA across all quadrants(ILAmean)andΔILA were positively correlated with age(ILAmean:Y=9.721+0.055X,R=0.138,P=0.004;ΔILA:Y=3.267+0.044X,R=0.006,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:In patients with age-related cortical cataracts,ILA increases with age,particularly in the superior and temporal quadrants,suggesting that advanced age is associated with greater lens deviation and decreased lens stability.UBM imaging can effectively evaluate the status of the zonule and lens stability,providing crucial evidence for personalized surgical planning based on patients’age.展开更多
AIM:To clarify the clinical correlations and causal relationships between lipid metabolism and the progression of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS:This case-control study retrieved clinical data from 201...AIM:To clarify the clinical correlations and causal relationships between lipid metabolism and the progression of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS:This case-control study retrieved clinical data from 2018 to 2023.A total of 2591 patients were enrolled,including 197 patients with TAO(case group)and 2394 patients with hyperthyroidism without TAO(control group).Serum lipid parameters,including triglycerides,total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein(HDL),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),and the HDL/total cholesterol ratio,as well as thyroid function markers,were compared between the two groups.Correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between serum lipid levels and key ocular manifestations of TAO,including exophthalmos degree,clinical activity score,and disease severity.Furthermore,Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis was conducted using genome-wide association study(GWAS)datasets,with hyperthyroidism as the exposure variable and serum lipid parameters as the outcome variables,to infer the causal relationship between hyperthyroidism,lipid metabolism,and TAO progression.RESULTS:The TAO group consisted of 101 males and 96 females,while the hyperthyroidism group included 706 males and 1688 females.Compared with the control group,patients with TAO had significantly higher levels of triglycerides(1.83±1.21 vs 1.40±1.08 mmol/L,P<0.01),total cholesterol,LDL,and HDL.Correlation analysis showed that triglyceride levels were positively correlated with exophthalmos degree,whereas HDL levels were inversely correlated with exophthalmos degree.No significant associations were found between serum lipid levels and clinical activity score(P>0.1).MR analysis confirmed that hyperthyroidism exerted a causal effect in reducing serum triglycerides[inverse-variance weighting odds ratio(OR)=0.035,95%confidence interval(CI):0.01-0.12]and total cholesterol(OR=0.085,95%CI:0.02-0.34),with no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy(MR-PRESSO P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Elevated serum triglyceride levels are an independent risk factor for TAO severity,especially exophthalmos,and triglyceride metabolism is inversely regulated by thyroid function.展开更多
Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of faricimab and conbercept in the treatment of diabetic macular edema(DME).Methods:A total of 50 patients diagnosed with DME in our hosp...Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of faricimab and conbercept in the treatment of diabetic macular edema(DME).Methods:A total of 50 patients diagnosed with DME in our hospital from January 2023 to May 2025 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 25 cases in each group,using a random number table method.The observation group received intravitreal injection of faricimab,while the control group received intravitreal injection of conbercept.Both groups adopted a loading phase plus maintenance phase treatment regimen.The best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA,expressed in logMAR)and central subfield thickness(CST)of the two groups were compared before treatment and at 1,3,and 6 months after treatment,and the incidence of adverse events during treatment was recorded.Results:The logMAR BCVA in the observation group was lower than that in the control group at 3 and 6 months after treatment(both p<0.05).The CST in the observation group was smaller than that in the control group at 1,3,and 6 months after treatment(all p<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the overall incidence of adverse events between the two groups(χ^(2)=0.189,p=0.663).Conclusion:Both intravitreal injections of faricimab and conbercept are effective in improving visual acuity and reducing macular edema in patients with DME,with good safety profiles.However,faricimab demonstrates superior efficacy in the medium to long term(3 and 6 months)compared to conbercept,making it more suitable for long-term treatment of patients with DME.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of 90°inferonasal sectoral goniotomy with an micro-vitreoretinal(MVR)blade in patients with mild-to-moderate primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG)and pseudoexfoliation glauc...AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of 90°inferonasal sectoral goniotomy with an micro-vitreoretinal(MVR)blade in patients with mild-to-moderate primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG)and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma(PEXG).METHODS:This retrospective study included data from 60 patients(60 eyes)who underwent stand-alone goniotomy or goniotomy with phacoemulsification between August 2021 and January 2023,and 45 eyes underwent goniotomy combined with phacoemulsification,and 15 eyes underwent goniotomy as a stand-alone procedure.Postoperatively,intraocular pressure(IOP)and the number of medications were collected at 1,3,6,and 12 mo.The side effects of surgery were recorded 1 d,1 wk,and 1,3,6,and 12 mo postoperatively.The primary outcomes were a reduction in IOP of at least 20%from baseline and a decrease in the number of antiglaucomatous medications in 1 a postoperatively.The secondary outcome was surgical success,defined as an IOP<18 mmHg with(qualified)or without(complete)antiglaucomatous medication at 1 a postoperatively.RESULTS:At the end of 1 a,78%of patients achieved both a>20%reduction in IOP and a reduction in the number of medications used.Overall success was achieved in 63%of patients.Microhyphaema was the most common complication,none of the patients experienced a complication requiring surgical intervention.CONCLUSION:Sectoral inferonasal goniotomy with an MVR blade significantly reduced IOP and the number of medications required in patients with POAG and PEXG,and 1-year follow-up after goniotomy showed that the need for filtering surgery was either eliminated or delayed in a significant number of patients.展开更多
AIM:To identify key genes and inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharide(HPS)in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis(EIU).METHODS:EIU was induc...AIM:To identify key genes and inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharide(HPS)in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis(EIU).METHODS:EIU was induced in Wistar rats through subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS,200μg)and the rats were then randomly assigned to EIU group(n=5)and the HPS intervention group(n=5).HPS(400 mg/kg,intraperitoneally)or its carrier was administered 24h and 1h prior to EIU induction.Eyes were examined and enucleated 24h post-induction,and total RNA was extracted from the iris-ciliary body.Gene expression microarrays were used to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs),followed by bioinformatics analyses,including gene ontology(GO)and pathway analysis.Key findings were not experimentally validated at the mRNA or protein level.RESULTS:A total of 322 DEGs were identified,comprising 254 mRNA and 68 lncRNA genes.GO analysis revealed significant functional categories,including response to LPS.Pathway analysis identified key signaling pathways involved in uveitis,such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions.Notably,16 mRNA and 7 lncRNA DEGs emerged as central nodes in the gene correlation network.CONCLUSION:HPS exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through coordinated signaling pathways,offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing uveitis.展开更多
Autologous nerve transplantation is currently recognized as the gold standard for treating seve re peripheral nerve injuries in clinical practice.Howeve r,challenges such as a limited supply of donors,complications in...Autologous nerve transplantation is currently recognized as the gold standard for treating seve re peripheral nerve injuries in clinical practice.Howeve r,challenges such as a limited supply of donors,complications in the donor area,and the formation of neuromas necessitate the optimization of existing transplantation strategies.Additionally,the development of new and promising repair methods is a critical issue in the field of peripheral nerve research.The purpose of this article is to compare the advantages and disadvantages of autologous,allogeneic,decellularized nerve grafts,and cell-composite graft,as well as to summarize the diffe rences in their prognostic factors and associated adve rse events.The length,diamete r,polarity,and sensory or motor origin of autografts all influence axonal regeneration.While pre-denaturation treatment can accele rate early regeneration,long-term functional outcomes of autografts do not show significant differences compared with fresh autologous grafts.For decellularized nerve grafts,defect length is identified as an independent risk factor,and the internal microenvironment(delayed angiogenesis,Schwann cell senescence,and reduced T-cell infiltration)is considered a key factor limiting long-segment regeneration.Additionally,the decellula rization process(whether chemical,physical,or supercritical CO2)affects the integrity of the extracellular matrix and the presence of immune residuals,which directly impacts axonal guidance and host integration.Common adve rse events following autograft transplantation include donor site numbness,neuromas,and scarring.In contrast,adverse events associated with decellularized nerve graft transplantation may present as inflammatory reactions,excessive scar prolife ration,and misalignment or reconnection of regenerating axons,which can lead to sensory-m otor cross-innervation.To mitigate these issues,combining decellularized nerve grafts with autologous Schwann cells,mesenchymal stem cells,or induced pluripotent stem cellderived cells may help bridge the gap with autografts.However,the fact that structural recovery does not necessarily lead to functional recovery needs further clarification.Future research should establish la rge animal models to replicate the limits of human regenerative capacity,use gene editing to enhance the phenotype and microenvironment of transplanted cells,and develop a mild combined decellularization process that maximizes the preservation of natural nerve grafts.Through multidimensional optimization,decellularized nerve grafts have the potential to ultimately re place autograft transplantation,enabling precise repair of individualized,long-segment,and complex nerve defects.展开更多
AIM:To report and analyze cases of sterile intraocular inflammation(IOI)following intravitreal faricimab injections in patients treated for neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD)and diabetic macular edema(...AIM:To report and analyze cases of sterile intraocular inflammation(IOI)following intravitreal faricimab injections in patients treated for neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD)and diabetic macular edema(DME).METHODS:This double-center case series included nine eyes of six patients who developed uveitis after faricimab therapy.Comprehensive clinical evaluation was performed,including slit-lamp examination,intraocular pressure(IOP)measurement,fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography(ICGA),and laboratory tests.Inflammatory responses were treated with topical or systemic corticosteroids,and patients were monitored for visual acuity and inflammatory activity.RESULTS:The incidence of IOI was 0.8%per patient(Innsbruck)and 0.23%(Czechia),with inflammation typically occurring between the third and sixth injection(mean interval:10d post-injection).Inflammator y presentations ranged from anterior uveitis to posterior segment involvement.One notable case demonstrated novel choroidal hypofluorescent lesions on angiography,suggesting deeper ocular involvement.The mean patient age was 76y;five of six affected patients were female.All cases responded to local and systemic corticosteroids,with full recovery of initial visual acuity.CONCLUSION:Sterile IOI after faricimab appears to be a rare but relevant adverse event.Although the incidence falls within expected ranges for anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF)agents,the observed choroidal involvement represents a potentially new safety signal.Prompt diagnosis and corticosteroid therapy are effective in all cases.Our findings support the need for vigilant post-marketing surveillance and further studies to better understand the underlying mechanisms and risk factors of faricimab-associated inflammation.展开更多
Dear Editor,Torpedo maculopathy(TM),first described by Roseman and Gass in 1992[1],is a rare congenital unilateral retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)abnormality.The term“torpedo maculopathy”was coined by Daily[2]in 199...Dear Editor,Torpedo maculopathy(TM),first described by Roseman and Gass in 1992[1],is a rare congenital unilateral retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)abnormality.The term“torpedo maculopathy”was coined by Daily[2]in 1993.TM typically spares the foveal center,is asymptomatic,and is often detected incidentally during routine ophthalmic examinations.Through literature search,we did not identify racial or regional differences in TM.It predominantly affects children,with an estimated prevalence of 2 per 100000 in individuals under 16 ages[3].While previous reports have focused on pediatric and adult populations,this study presents four cases of TM in preterm infants.展开更多
基金supported by the Fujian Provincial Undergraduate Teaching Reform Project(J21008)Teaching Research Program for Undergraduate Education at Fujian Medical University(J24030).
文摘Virtual Reality(VR)technology is widely recognized as a prominent technological paradigm.Its potential and promise in the domain of ophthalmology are substantial,and the evolution of VR technology has significantly influenced the contemporary landscape of ophthalmology.Numerous empirical studies have validated the practical utility of VR technology in domains such as ophthalmic disease treatment and surgery training.This paper offers a comprehensive overview of VR technology's utilization in ophthalmic disease treatment,student education,and surgery training,expands the application of VR technology in ophthalmic evaluation and disease diagnosis,discusses the challenges and limitations of VR technology in ophthalmology,and expounds on emerging trends and future developments of VR technology in ophthalmology.This endeavor aims to provide readers with an in-depth comprehension of the current status and future prospects of VR technology application in ophthalmology,with the ultimate objective of fostering more effective advancements and applications of VR technology in the realm of ophthalmology.
文摘AIM： To report the indications for and techniques of corneal transplantation at Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology （VNIO） over a period of 12y （2002-2013）, METHODS： Records of patients who had undergone corneal transplantation at VNIO from January 1, 2002 to January 1, 2014 were reviewed to determine the indication for and type of corneal transplant performed. Patient age, gender, indication for corneal transplantation and surgical technique were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS： Corneal transplantation were underwent in 1390 eyes of 1278 patients with a mean age of 44.9±18.1y during the period under review. The most common indication was infectious corneal ulcer （n=670; 48.2%）, followed by corneal scar （n=333, 24.0% ）, corneal dystrophy （n=138, 9.9%） and failed graft （n=112, 8.1%）. Nearly all procedures performed were penetrating keratoplasty （n=1300, 93.5% ）, with a few lamellar keratoplasty procedures performed： lamellar keratoplasty （n=52, 3.7%）, Descemet＇s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty （n =27, 1.9% ） and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty （n =11, 0.8%）.CONCLUSION： While the most common indication for keratoplasty was infectious keratitis, nearly all indications for corneal transplantation were managed with penetrating keratoplasty, However, lamellar keratoplasty techniques, including deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and Descemet＇s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, are being performed with increasing frequency for isolated stromal and endothelial disorders, respectively,
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation Grant from Jiangxi Science and Technology Department (No.20192BAB205049)Young Talent Scholar Grant (No.2016KJXX-12)from Shaanxi Science and Technology Department, Teaching Reform Grant (No.JC2020-0309,No.JG20190330)。
文摘AIM: To analyze whether wet-lab training(WLT) or surgical-simulator training(SST) is better for ophthalmology residents to master the chopping technique.METHODS: Sixty ophthalmology residents(in their second year) and three cataract surgeons participated in the study. The residents were randomly separated into two groups, WLT group and SST group. The residents in WLT group were asked to perform 10 trials of chopping using pig eyes and scored by the surgeons, and then they performed and scored using simulator for one time. The residents in SST group underwent 10 trials of chopping using simulator, and the simulator scored each trail. Then, this group were asked to perform the chopping using pig eyes and scored by the surgeons. At last, we investigated the residents’ satisfaction about the training.RESULTS: The demographic characteristics had no significant differences between the two groups. Recorded by the simulator, the residents in SST group got significantly higher overall score(83.90±1.31) than WLT group(78.73±1.92, P=0.03). And the residents in SST group got less corner area injured, and they spend less time than WLT group(P<0.05). Moreover, the residents in WLT group used more ultrasonic energy value than SST group(P=0.03). However, scored by the surgeons, the residents in two groups got nearly the same overall score. The residents in WLT group performed better on the frequencies of posterior capsule torn and incisional stress(P=0.03, 0.008, respectively). In the survey, the residents in two groups held the same opinion that the training was helpful and they strongly recommended this training. And all of them enjoyed the training, and enjoyed being randomized in their own group. However, with respect to the realistic character, the residents thought that WLT was better than SST(P<0.001).CONCLUSION: Both of the Eyesi surgical-stimulator and the wet-lab improve the residents’ chopping ability and each has its own advantages. The combination of the two training ways could be considered to be a part of the training curriculum for new residents.
文摘Welcome to the World Journal of Ophthalmology （WJO）, a new general ophthalmology journal from Baishideng Publishing Group. The aim of the journal is to promote high quality research for and from eye-care practitio-ners all over the world. The WJO is a new member of the World Journal series of peer-reviewed, international English-language, open-access journals that are de-signed to provide a fast peer review process for all sub-mitted manuscripts. We intended to provide the most up-to-date electronic means of articles in all fields of ophthalmology. New journal that is available on internet for everyone will provide a forum for publication and free access of high quality scientifc papers document-ing clinical and experimental advances in the areas of ophthalmology. All subspecialties within ophthalmol-ogy, visual sciences, pharmacology and drug therapy in eye diseases, primary and secondary eye care, patient safety reports, surgical techniques, and improvements in quality of care will be accepted for publication. We look forward in the future to your fascinating contribu-tions to the WJO.
文摘Ophthalmology is an integral part of general practice education,and it is of great significance to have some knowledge on ophthalmology even if the general practitioner is not an ophthalmologist.The subject characteristics,the traditional mode of teaching,and the cognitive deviation of students have greatly influenced its teaching quality.The application of team-based learning(TBL)in ophthalmology education responds to the demand of modern medical education.Building a team,designing questions that combine theory and clinical practice,as well as employing a fair scoring system can stimulate students’learning interest and improve their learning autonomy and ability to ask questions and solve problems.
文摘General medicine is an emerging secondary clinical discipline that aims to serve the society and family health management,and it plays a key role in hierarchical diagnosis and treatment.General practitioners are the leading providers of primary medical services and are responsible for comprehensive work such as diagnosis,treatment,preventive care,health record management,and referral of common and frequently-occurring diseases.They play an essential role in the health care system,providing comprehensive medical services to communities and families to improve people’s overall health.Developing and promoting general medicine are significant to establishing a sound medical and healthcare system,and improving primary medical services.Therefore,general practitioners require a broader range of knowledge than specialists,and the training model also differs from that of specialists.Given the short training time and heavy teaching tasks for ophthalmology,this article will combine the professional characteristics of ophthalmology to explore the application of appropriate teaching methods in a short period in order to achieve exemplary teaching results.In this process,it is necessary to comprehensively consider the professional characteristics of ophthalmology and the limitations of general practitioner training time,and discover appropriate teaching methods to improve the teaching effect and ensure the all-round development of students.
基金Supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.825RC898)and Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center.
文摘ChatGPT technology based on large language models(LLM)shows great potential in improving the quality of medical care,assisting clinical decision making and optimizing patient communication.The role of ChatGPT in ophthalmology is still in its infancy.This review aims to explore the application prospect of ChatGPT in ophthalmology.Relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed,and the application prospects of LLM represented by ChatGPT in ophthalmology were summarized,including clinical assisted diagnosis,patient education and communication,history collection and text writing,clinical research,and medical education,etc.At the same time,the challenges and solutions faced by ChatGPT in ophthalmology were pointed out.Its safety,efficacy and ethics remain controversial in practical applications.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and research on its application to ensure safety and effectiveness.In the future,with the development of technology,ChatGPT is expected to play a greater role in ophthalmology and enhance the medical experience.
文摘The intersection of visual impairment and mental health has profound effects on quality of life and warrants attention from healthcare providers,educators,and policymakers.With 20 million children under the age of 14 affected globally,older adults also experience significant psychological impact including depression,anxiety,and cognitive impairment.The implications of vision-related challenges extend far beyond mere sight.Depression and anxiety,exacerbated by social isolation and reduced physical activity,underscore the need for comprehensive interventions that address both medical and psychosocial dimensions.By recognizing the profound impact of ocular morbidities like strabismus,myopia,glaucoma,and age-related macular degeneration on mental health and investing in effective treatments and inclusive practices,society can pave the way for a healthier,more equitable future for affected individuals.There is evidence that myopic children experience a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to their normal peers,and interventions like the correction of strabismus can enhance psychological outcome-demonstrating the value of an integrated management approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82101115(to JY)the Wuhan University Independent Innovation Fund Youth Project,No.2042021kf0094(to JY).
文摘Tunneling nanotubes are crucial structures for cellular communication and are observed in a variety of cell types.Glial cells,the most abundant cells in the nervous system,play a vital role in intercellular signaling and can show abnormal activation under pathological conditions.Our bibliometric analysis indicated a substantial increase in research on tunneling nanotubes over the past two decades,highlighting their important role in cellular communication.This review focuses on the formation of tunneling nanotubes in various types of glial cells,including astrocytes,microglia,glioma cells,and Schwann cells,as well as their roles in cellular communication and cargo transport.We found that glial cells influence the stability of the neural system and play a role in nerve regeneration through tunneling nanotubes.Tunneling nanotubes facilitate the transmission and progression of diseases by transporting pathogens and harmful substances.However,they are also involved in alleviating cellular stress by removing toxins and delivering essential nutrients.Understanding the interactions between glial cells through tunneling nanotubes could provide valuable insights into the complex neural networks that govern brain function and responses to injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82271115(to MY).
文摘Synaptic plasticity is essential for maintaining neuronal function in the central nervous system and serves as a critical indicator of the effects of neurodegenerative disease.Glaucoma directly impairs retinal ganglion cells and their axons,leading to axonal transport dysfuntion,subsequently causing secondary damage to anterior or posterior ends of the visual system.Accordingly,recent evidence indicates that glaucoma is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system that causes damage throughout the visual pathway.However,the effects of glaucoma on synaptic plasticity in the primary visual cortex remain unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of unilateral chronic ocular hypertension by injecting magnetic microbeads into the anterior chamber of one eye.We found that,after 4 weeks of chronic ocular hypertension,the neuronal somas were smaller in the superior colliculus and lateral geniculate body regions of the brain contralateral to the affected eye.This was accompanied by glial cell activation and increased expression of inflammatory factors.After 8 weeks of ocular hypertension,we observed a reduction in the number of excitatory and inhibitory synapses,dendritic spines,and activation of glial cells in the primary visual cortex contralateral to the affected eye.These findings suggest that glaucoma not only directly damages the retina but also induces alterations in synapses and dendritic spines in the primary visual cortex,providing new insights into the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82101113).
文摘Dear Editor,Ciliary body masses are diagnostically challenging due to their hidden location,diverse pathologies,and limited examination methods[1].We report a case of a ciliary body inflammatory mass treated with trans-scleral excision and antiinflammatory therapy,preserving functional vision.
文摘AIM:To investigate age-related differences in the irislens angle(ILA)among patients with age-related cortical cataracts and elucidate the impact of age on lens stability.METHODS:A prospective observational study was conducted on patients with age-related cortical cataracts scheduled for phacoemulsification surgery.Preoperative ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)images were collected and analyzed.Initially,patients were stratified into two age groups:<60y and≥60y,with no significant intergroup differences in sex or eye laterality.For further analysis,participants were subdivided into three age strata:<60y,60-75y,and>75y.The ILA was measured in four quadrants(superior,inferior,nasal,and temporal).Intergroup differences in ILA were compared,and correlations between age and ILA parameters were analyzed using statistical methods.RESULTS:The sample data were categorized into three groups according to age,<60y(113 patients;55.8%female),60–75y(245 patients;61.0%female),and>75y(70 patients;50.2%female).The superior quadrant ILA increased progressively with age stratification(P=0.02),and the maximum ILA difference(ΔILA)was significantly higher in patients over 75y(P<0.01).Simple linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between age and ILA in the superior(Y=7.487+0.096X,R=0.191,P<0.001)and temporal(Y=10.254+0.052X,R=0.104,P=0.032)quadrants.Additionally,the mean ILA across all quadrants(ILAmean)andΔILA were positively correlated with age(ILAmean:Y=9.721+0.055X,R=0.138,P=0.004;ΔILA:Y=3.267+0.044X,R=0.006,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:In patients with age-related cortical cataracts,ILA increases with age,particularly in the superior and temporal quadrants,suggesting that advanced age is associated with greater lens deviation and decreased lens stability.UBM imaging can effectively evaluate the status of the zonule and lens stability,providing crucial evidence for personalized surgical planning based on patients’age.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82371104)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ30851).
文摘AIM:To clarify the clinical correlations and causal relationships between lipid metabolism and the progression of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS:This case-control study retrieved clinical data from 2018 to 2023.A total of 2591 patients were enrolled,including 197 patients with TAO(case group)and 2394 patients with hyperthyroidism without TAO(control group).Serum lipid parameters,including triglycerides,total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein(HDL),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),and the HDL/total cholesterol ratio,as well as thyroid function markers,were compared between the two groups.Correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between serum lipid levels and key ocular manifestations of TAO,including exophthalmos degree,clinical activity score,and disease severity.Furthermore,Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis was conducted using genome-wide association study(GWAS)datasets,with hyperthyroidism as the exposure variable and serum lipid parameters as the outcome variables,to infer the causal relationship between hyperthyroidism,lipid metabolism,and TAO progression.RESULTS:The TAO group consisted of 101 males and 96 females,while the hyperthyroidism group included 706 males and 1688 females.Compared with the control group,patients with TAO had significantly higher levels of triglycerides(1.83±1.21 vs 1.40±1.08 mmol/L,P<0.01),total cholesterol,LDL,and HDL.Correlation analysis showed that triglyceride levels were positively correlated with exophthalmos degree,whereas HDL levels were inversely correlated with exophthalmos degree.No significant associations were found between serum lipid levels and clinical activity score(P>0.1).MR analysis confirmed that hyperthyroidism exerted a causal effect in reducing serum triglycerides[inverse-variance weighting odds ratio(OR)=0.035,95%confidence interval(CI):0.01-0.12]and total cholesterol(OR=0.085,95%CI:0.02-0.34),with no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy(MR-PRESSO P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Elevated serum triglyceride levels are an independent risk factor for TAO severity,especially exophthalmos,and triglyceride metabolism is inversely regulated by thyroid function.
文摘Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of faricimab and conbercept in the treatment of diabetic macular edema(DME).Methods:A total of 50 patients diagnosed with DME in our hospital from January 2023 to May 2025 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 25 cases in each group,using a random number table method.The observation group received intravitreal injection of faricimab,while the control group received intravitreal injection of conbercept.Both groups adopted a loading phase plus maintenance phase treatment regimen.The best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA,expressed in logMAR)and central subfield thickness(CST)of the two groups were compared before treatment and at 1,3,and 6 months after treatment,and the incidence of adverse events during treatment was recorded.Results:The logMAR BCVA in the observation group was lower than that in the control group at 3 and 6 months after treatment(both p<0.05).The CST in the observation group was smaller than that in the control group at 1,3,and 6 months after treatment(all p<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the overall incidence of adverse events between the two groups(χ^(2)=0.189,p=0.663).Conclusion:Both intravitreal injections of faricimab and conbercept are effective in improving visual acuity and reducing macular edema in patients with DME,with good safety profiles.However,faricimab demonstrates superior efficacy in the medium to long term(3 and 6 months)compared to conbercept,making it more suitable for long-term treatment of patients with DME.
文摘AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of 90°inferonasal sectoral goniotomy with an micro-vitreoretinal(MVR)blade in patients with mild-to-moderate primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG)and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma(PEXG).METHODS:This retrospective study included data from 60 patients(60 eyes)who underwent stand-alone goniotomy or goniotomy with phacoemulsification between August 2021 and January 2023,and 45 eyes underwent goniotomy combined with phacoemulsification,and 15 eyes underwent goniotomy as a stand-alone procedure.Postoperatively,intraocular pressure(IOP)and the number of medications were collected at 1,3,6,and 12 mo.The side effects of surgery were recorded 1 d,1 wk,and 1,3,6,and 12 mo postoperatively.The primary outcomes were a reduction in IOP of at least 20%from baseline and a decrease in the number of antiglaucomatous medications in 1 a postoperatively.The secondary outcome was surgical success,defined as an IOP<18 mmHg with(qualified)or without(complete)antiglaucomatous medication at 1 a postoperatively.RESULTS:At the end of 1 a,78%of patients achieved both a>20%reduction in IOP and a reduction in the number of medications used.Overall success was achieved in 63%of patients.Microhyphaema was the most common complication,none of the patients experienced a complication requiring surgical intervention.CONCLUSION:Sectoral inferonasal goniotomy with an MVR blade significantly reduced IOP and the number of medications required in patients with POAG and PEXG,and 1-year follow-up after goniotomy showed that the need for filtering surgery was either eliminated or delayed in a significant number of patients.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(No.82101107No.81471575).
文摘AIM:To identify key genes and inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharide(HPS)in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis(EIU).METHODS:EIU was induced in Wistar rats through subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS,200μg)and the rats were then randomly assigned to EIU group(n=5)and the HPS intervention group(n=5).HPS(400 mg/kg,intraperitoneally)or its carrier was administered 24h and 1h prior to EIU induction.Eyes were examined and enucleated 24h post-induction,and total RNA was extracted from the iris-ciliary body.Gene expression microarrays were used to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs),followed by bioinformatics analyses,including gene ontology(GO)and pathway analysis.Key findings were not experimentally validated at the mRNA or protein level.RESULTS:A total of 322 DEGs were identified,comprising 254 mRNA and 68 lncRNA genes.GO analysis revealed significant functional categories,including response to LPS.Pathway analysis identified key signaling pathways involved in uveitis,such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions.Notably,16 mRNA and 7 lncRNA DEGs emerged as central nodes in the gene correlation network.CONCLUSION:HPS exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through coordinated signaling pathways,offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing uveitis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82471412Science&Technology Innovation Talents Project of Henan Educational Committee,No.25HASTIT059+2 种基金Henan Academy of Medical Sciences Clinical Scientist Program,No.S20240069Young and Middle-aged Health Science and Technology Innovation Talent of Henan Province,No.JQRC2024014Henan Provincial Science&Technology Research and Development Program Joint Fund,No.232301420063(all to NZ)。
文摘Autologous nerve transplantation is currently recognized as the gold standard for treating seve re peripheral nerve injuries in clinical practice.Howeve r,challenges such as a limited supply of donors,complications in the donor area,and the formation of neuromas necessitate the optimization of existing transplantation strategies.Additionally,the development of new and promising repair methods is a critical issue in the field of peripheral nerve research.The purpose of this article is to compare the advantages and disadvantages of autologous,allogeneic,decellularized nerve grafts,and cell-composite graft,as well as to summarize the diffe rences in their prognostic factors and associated adve rse events.The length,diamete r,polarity,and sensory or motor origin of autografts all influence axonal regeneration.While pre-denaturation treatment can accele rate early regeneration,long-term functional outcomes of autografts do not show significant differences compared with fresh autologous grafts.For decellularized nerve grafts,defect length is identified as an independent risk factor,and the internal microenvironment(delayed angiogenesis,Schwann cell senescence,and reduced T-cell infiltration)is considered a key factor limiting long-segment regeneration.Additionally,the decellula rization process(whether chemical,physical,or supercritical CO2)affects the integrity of the extracellular matrix and the presence of immune residuals,which directly impacts axonal guidance and host integration.Common adve rse events following autograft transplantation include donor site numbness,neuromas,and scarring.In contrast,adverse events associated with decellularized nerve graft transplantation may present as inflammatory reactions,excessive scar prolife ration,and misalignment or reconnection of regenerating axons,which can lead to sensory-m otor cross-innervation.To mitigate these issues,combining decellularized nerve grafts with autologous Schwann cells,mesenchymal stem cells,or induced pluripotent stem cellderived cells may help bridge the gap with autografts.However,the fact that structural recovery does not necessarily lead to functional recovery needs further clarification.Future research should establish la rge animal models to replicate the limits of human regenerative capacity,use gene editing to enhance the phenotype and microenvironment of transplanted cells,and develop a mild combined decellularization process that maximizes the preservation of natural nerve grafts.Through multidimensional optimization,decellularized nerve grafts have the potential to ultimately re place autograft transplantation,enabling precise repair of individualized,long-segment,and complex nerve defects.
文摘AIM:To report and analyze cases of sterile intraocular inflammation(IOI)following intravitreal faricimab injections in patients treated for neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD)and diabetic macular edema(DME).METHODS:This double-center case series included nine eyes of six patients who developed uveitis after faricimab therapy.Comprehensive clinical evaluation was performed,including slit-lamp examination,intraocular pressure(IOP)measurement,fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography(ICGA),and laboratory tests.Inflammatory responses were treated with topical or systemic corticosteroids,and patients were monitored for visual acuity and inflammatory activity.RESULTS:The incidence of IOI was 0.8%per patient(Innsbruck)and 0.23%(Czechia),with inflammation typically occurring between the third and sixth injection(mean interval:10d post-injection).Inflammator y presentations ranged from anterior uveitis to posterior segment involvement.One notable case demonstrated novel choroidal hypofluorescent lesions on angiography,suggesting deeper ocular involvement.The mean patient age was 76y;five of six affected patients were female.All cases responded to local and systemic corticosteroids,with full recovery of initial visual acuity.CONCLUSION:Sterile IOI after faricimab appears to be a rare but relevant adverse event.Although the incidence falls within expected ranges for anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF)agents,the observed choroidal involvement represents a potentially new safety signal.Prompt diagnosis and corticosteroid therapy are effective in all cases.Our findings support the need for vigilant post-marketing surveillance and further studies to better understand the underlying mechanisms and risk factors of faricimab-associated inflammation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070991).
文摘Dear Editor,Torpedo maculopathy(TM),first described by Roseman and Gass in 1992[1],is a rare congenital unilateral retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)abnormality.The term“torpedo maculopathy”was coined by Daily[2]in 1993.TM typically spares the foveal center,is asymptomatic,and is often detected incidentally during routine ophthalmic examinations.Through literature search,we did not identify racial or regional differences in TM.It predominantly affects children,with an estimated prevalence of 2 per 100000 in individuals under 16 ages[3].While previous reports have focused on pediatric and adult populations,this study presents four cases of TM in preterm infants.
