In this paper,we present a circuit model of single-quantum-well InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes based on the standard rate equations.Two rate equations describe carrier transport processes occurring in sep-arate confi...In this paper,we present a circuit model of single-quantum-well InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes based on the standard rate equations.Two rate equations describe carrier transport processes occurring in sep-arate confinement heterostructure and quantum well respectively,and the third equation describes the varied photons in quantum well.By using the presented model,impacts of quantum well thickness on the static and dynamic performances are investigated.Simulated results show that LED with 4 nm well exhibits better lightcurrent(L-I)performance,but LED with 3 nm well presents wider 3 dB modulation bandwidth.It reveals that high carrier density in quantum well is detrimental to the static performance,but beneficial to the dynamic performance.展开更多
Soft X-ray detectors play a vital role in materials science,high-energy physics and medical imaging.Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6),a lead-free double perovskite,has gained attention for its excellent optoelectronic properties,stabi...Soft X-ray detectors play a vital role in materials science,high-energy physics and medical imaging.Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6),a lead-free double perovskite,has gained attention for its excellent optoelectronic properties,stability,and nontoxicity.However,its fast crystallization and requirement for high-temperature annealing(>250℃)often lead to inferior film quality,limiting its application in flexible devices.This study introduces an alloying strategy that significantly improves the quality of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)thin films annealed at a reduced temperature of 150℃.Devices based on the alloyed thin films exhibit an ultra-low dark current of 0.32 nA·cm^(-2)and a quantum efficiency of 725%.Furthermore,the first successful integration of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)with a thinfilm transistor backplane demonstrates its superior imaging performance,indicating that Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)is a promising material for next-generation soft X-ray sensors.展开更多
High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted considerable research attention in battery applications due to exceptional properties such as remarkable structural stability,enhanced ionic conductivity,superior mechanical ...High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted considerable research attention in battery applications due to exceptional properties such as remarkable structural stability,enhanced ionic conductivity,superior mechanical strength,and outstanding catalytic activity.These distinctive characteristics render HEMs highly suitable for various battery components,such as electrodes,electrolytes,and catalysts.This review systematically examines recent advances in the application of HEMs for energy storage,beginning with fundamental concepts,historical development,and key definitions.Three principal categories of HEMs,namely high-entropy alloys,high-entropy oxides,and highentropy MXenes,are analyzed with a focus on electrochemical performance metrics such as specific capacity,energy density,cycling stability,and rate capability.The underlying mechanisms by which these materials enhance battery performance are elucidated in the discussion.Furthermore,the pivotal role of machine learning in accelerating the discovery and optimization of novel high-entropy battery materials is highlighted.The review concludes by outlining future research directions and potential breakthroughs in HEM-based battery technologies.展开更多
This paper quantitatively discusses the influence of well contact on single-event transient(SET)in sub-20 nm FinFET by two-photon absorption(TPA)pulse laser.Two groups of inverter chains were designed to investigate t...This paper quantitatively discusses the influence of well contact on single-event transient(SET)in sub-20 nm FinFET by two-photon absorption(TPA)pulse laser.Two groups of inverter chains were designed to investigate the impact of well contact distance on the FinFET process.The experimental results show that the SET pulse width has a bimodal symmetric distribution,which is different from that of a bulk planar CMOS device.To investigate the detailed mechanism of the phenomenon,a high-precision FinFET TCAD model was established,in which both Id-Vd and Id-Vg errors were less than 10%compared to the SPICE model provided by the commercial process.TCAD simulation under heavy ion injection showed the mechanism of the abnormal phenomenon,where the well contact plays a major role in charge collection at the near-well contact distance,while the source plays a major role at the far distance.This phenomenon is completely different from that of planar CMOS devices.This indicates that the SET mechanism becomes more complicated during the FinFET process.Therefore,more effective SET hardening methods should be investigated for FinFET.展开更多
Soft actuators,capable of producing mechanical work in response to external stimuli,have potential applications in robotics and exoskeletons.However,they face major challenges related to energy supply,especially in lo...Soft actuators,capable of producing mechanical work in response to external stimuli,have potential applications in robotics and exoskeletons.However,they face major challenges related to energy supply,especially in long-distance and miniaturized environments.Fuel-driven actuators offer a promising solution by enabling the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy,supporting selfsustaining operations.Chemical energy from fuel can be converted into mechanical energy either directly or indirectly through methods such as electron transfer-induced charge injection,structural changes,fuel-to-electricity conversion,fuel combustioninduced heat,or fuel-induced pneumatic actuation.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in fuel-powered actuators,covering their fundamental principles,advancements,and challenges.It concludes with an outlook for miniaturized and autonomous robots,highlighting the great potential of integrating fuel-powered actuators.展开更多
The implementation of multiple pathogen testing is essential for a rapid response to future outbreaks and for reducing disease transmission.This study introduces a 96-channel microfluidic chip,fabricated through a mol...The implementation of multiple pathogen testing is essential for a rapid response to future outbreaks and for reducing disease transmission.This study introduces a 96-channel microfluidic chip,fabricated through a molding process,which enables the batch detection of pathogens.It explores the rapid lysis and elution processes of pathogens within the microfluidic chips to ensure that nucleic acid extraction,elution,and amplification are completed entirely within the chip.This chip can extract nucleic acids from samples in just 10 min,achieving an extraction efficiency comparable to that of traditional in-tube methods.An oil phase is pre-loaded into the chip to effectively prevent aerosol contamination.This approach allows for the simultaneous detection of 21 common respiratory pathogens,with a detection limit of 10 copies per reaction.Furthermore,applications involving clinical samples demonstrate significant practicality.Compared to many traditional in-tube pathogen detection methods and molecular biology technologies that utilize microfluidic chips,this detection chip not only enables simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens but also demonstrates high sensitivity.展开更多
The development of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(LT-SOFCs)is of significant importance for realizing the widespread application of SOFCs.This has stimulated a substantial materials research effort in developi...The development of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(LT-SOFCs)is of significant importance for realizing the widespread application of SOFCs.This has stimulated a substantial materials research effort in developing high oxide-ion conductivity in the electrolyte layer of SOFCs.In this context,for the first time,a dielectric material,CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12)(CCTO)is designed for LT-SOFCs electrolyte application in this study.Both individual CCTO and its heterostructure materials with a p-type Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ)(NCAL)semiconductor are evaluated as alternative electrolytes in LT-SOFC at 450–550℃.The single cell with the individual CCTO electrolyte exhibits a power output of approximately 263 mW cm^(-2) and an open-circuit voltage(OCV)of 0.95 V at 550℃,while the cell with the CCTO–NCAL heterostructure electrolyte capably delivers an improved power output of approximately 605 mW cm^(-2) along with a higher OCV over 1.0 V,which indicates the introduction of high hole-conducting NCAL into the CCTO could enhance the cell performance rather than inducing any potential short-circuiting risk.It is found that these promising outcomes are due to the interplay of the dielectric material,its structure,and overall properties that led to improve electrochemical mechanism in CCTO–NCAL.Furthermore,density functional theory calculations provide the detailed information about the electronic and structural properties of the CCTO and NCAL and their heterostructure CCTO–NCAL.Our study thus provides a new approach for developing new advanced electrolytes for LT-SOFCs.展开更多
To realize the application of electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)devices in humid marine environments,bifunctional EWA materials with better EWA capacities and anticorrosion properties have great exploration signific...To realize the application of electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)devices in humid marine environments,bifunctional EWA materials with better EWA capacities and anticorrosion properties have great exploration significance and systematic research re-quirements.By utilizing the low-cost and excellent magnetic and stable chemical characteristics of barium ferrite(BaFe_(12)O_(19))and using the high dielectric loss and excellent chemical inertia of nanocarbon clusters,a new type of nanocomposites with carbon nanoclusters en-capsulating BaFe_(12)O_(19)was designed and synthesized by combining an impregnation method and a high-temperature calcination strategy.Furthermore,Ce-Mn ions were introduced into the BaFe_(12)O_(19)lattice to improve the dielectric and magnetic properties of BaFe_(12)O_(19)cores significantly,and the energy band structure of the doped lattice and the orders of Ce replacing Fe sites were calculated.Benefiting from Ce-Mn ion doping and carbon nanocluster encapsulation,the composite material exhibited excellent dual functionality of corrosion resist-ance and EWA.When BaCe_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(11.5)O_(19)-C(BCM-C)was calcined at 600°C,the minimum reflection loss of-20.1 dB was achieved at 14.43 GHz.The Ku band’s effective absorption bandwidth of 4.25 GHz was achieved at an absorber thickness of only 1.3 mm.The BCM-C/polydimethylsiloxane coating had excellent corrosion resistance in the simulated marine environment(3.5wt%NaCl solution).The|Z|0.01Hz value of BCM-C remained at 106Ω·cm^(2)after 12 soaking days.The successful preparation of the BaFe_(12)O_(19)composite en-capsulated with carbon nanoclusters provides new insights into the preparation of multifunctional absorbent materials and the fabrication of absorbent devices applied in humid marine environments in the future.展开更多
This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground commu...This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground communication.The array consists of ten broadside-radiating,ultrawide-beamwidth elements that are cascaded by a central-symmetry series-fed network with tapered currents following Dolph-Chebyshev distribution to provide low SLL.First,an innovative design of end-fire Huygens source antenna that is compatible with metal ground is presented.A low-profile,half-mode Microstrip Patch Antenna(MPA)is utilized to serve as the magnetic dipole and a monopole is utilized to serves as the electric dipole,constructing the compact,end-fire,grounded Huygens source antenna.Then,two opposite-oriented end-fire Huygens source antennas are seamlessly integrated into a single antenna element in the form of monopole-loaded MPA to accomplish the ultrawide,broadside-radiating beam.Particular consideration has been applied into the design of series-fed network as well as antenna element to compensate the adverse coupling effects between elements on the radiation performance.Experiment indicates an ultrawide Half-Power Beamwidth(HPBW)of 161°and a low SLL of-25 dB with a high gain of 12 d Bi under a single-layer configuration.The concurrent ultrawide beamwidth and low SLL make it particularly attractive for applications of UAV air-to-ground communication.展开更多
This article introduces a novel 20 V radiation-hardened high-voltage metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)driver with an optimized input circuit and a drain-surrounding-source(DSS)structure.The inp...This article introduces a novel 20 V radiation-hardened high-voltage metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)driver with an optimized input circuit and a drain-surrounding-source(DSS)structure.The input circuit of a conventional inverter consists of a thick-gate-oxide n-type MOSFET(NMOS).These conventional drivers can tolerate a total ionizing dose(TID)of up to 100 krad(Si).In contrast,the proposed comparator input circuit uses both a thick-gate-oxide p-type MOSFET(PMOS)and thin-gate-oxide NMOS to offer a high input voltage and higher TID tolerance.Because the thick-gate-oxide PMOS and thin-gate-oxide NMOS collectively provide better TID tolerance than the thick-gate-oxide NMOS,the circuit exhibits enhanced TID tolerance of>300 krad(Si).Simulations and experimental date indicate that the DSS structure reduces the probability of unwanted parasitic bipolar junction transistor activation,yielding a better single-event effect tolerance of over 81.8 MeVcm^(2)mg^(-1).The innovative strategy proposed in this study involves circuit and layout design optimization,and does not require any specialized process flow.Hence,the proposed circuit can be manufactured using common commercial 0.35μm BCD processes.展开更多
Promising aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)continue to face significant challenges regarding zinc anode reversibility due to detrimental reactions including hydrogen evolution and corrosion.Herein,the d-band center ...Promising aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)continue to face significant challenges regarding zinc anode reversibility due to detrimental reactions including hydrogen evolution and corrosion.Herein,the d-band center is used as an“intuitive descriptor”to compare the hydrogen evolution activity of zinc-based transition bimetallic oxides(ZTBOs)of fourth-period transition metal elements,and the advantages of ZnTi_(3)O_(7)(ZTO)functional protective layer in inhibiting hydrogen evolution and extending the lifespan of the zinc anode are selectively identified.展开更多
Carbon dioxide accounts for about 80 percent of greenhouse emissions and the increasing CO_(2)emission has been identified as a critical environmental issue.On the other hand,CO_(2)is a potentially renewable resource ...Carbon dioxide accounts for about 80 percent of greenhouse emissions and the increasing CO_(2)emission has been identified as a critical environmental issue.On the other hand,CO_(2)is a potentially renewable resource of a single carbon molecule,and new technologies to utilize CO_(2)in producing net-zero fuels and chemicals are of global interest.Great efforts have been made in the development of new materials and processes for CO_(2)capture and utilization(CCU).Among them,ionic liquids(ILs)have attracted much attention due to their unique characteristics such as high CO_(2)solubility,high ionic conductivity,negligible volatility,non-flammability,wide electrochemical window,and high thermal stability,as well as good solvation ability.This review summarizes the most recent efforts devoted to IL-based absorption,catalysts,and CO_(2)capture and utilization processes.We discuss the factors that affect the interaction between ILs and CO_(2),impacting on the viscosity and CO_(2)solubility and preview the coupling of CO_(2)capture with electrochemical conversion of CO_(2).Finally,we provide an overview on the advantages and disadvantages of the IL-based process for practical applications.展开更多
Transition metal sulfides have great potential as anode mterials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their high theoretical specific capacities.However,the inferior intrinsic conductivity and large volume variation d...Transition metal sulfides have great potential as anode mterials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their high theoretical specific capacities.However,the inferior intrinsic conductivity and large volume variation during sodiation-desodiation processes seriously affect its high-rate and long-cyde performance,unbeneficial for the application as fast-charging and long-cycling SIBs anode.Herein,the three-dimensional porous Cu_(1.81)S/nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks(Cu_(1.81)S/NC)are synthesized by the simple and facile sol-gel and annealing processes,which can accommodate the volumetric expansion of Cu_(1.81)S nanoparticles and accelerate the transmission of ions and electrons during Na^(+)insertion/extraction processes,exhibiting the excellent rate capability(250.6 mA·g^(-1)at 20.0 A·g^(-1))and outstanding cycling stability(70% capacity retention for 6000 cycles at 10.0 A·g^(-1))for SIBs.Moreover,the Na-ion full cells coupled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/C cathode also demonstrate the satisfactory reversible specific capacity of 330.5 mAh·g^(-1)at 5.0 A·g^(-1)and long-cycle performance with the 86.9% capacity retention at 2.0 A·g^(-1)after 750 cycles.This work proposes a promising way for the conversionbased metal sulfides for the applications as fast-charging sodium-ion battery anode.展开更多
Rapid diagnosis of Salmonella is crucial for the effective control of food safety incidents, especially in regions with poor hygiene conditions. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR), as a promising tool for Salmonella detec...Rapid diagnosis of Salmonella is crucial for the effective control of food safety incidents, especially in regions with poor hygiene conditions. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR), as a promising tool for Salmonella detection, is facing a lack of simple and fast sensing methods that are compatible with field applications in resource-limited areas. In this work, we developed a sensing approach to identify PCR-amplified Salmonella genomic DNA with the naked eye in a snapshot. Based on the ratiometric fiuorescence signals from SYBR Green Ⅰ and Hydroxyl naphthol blue, positive samples stood out from negative ones with a distinct color pattern under UV exposure. The proposed sensing scheme enabled highly specific identification of Salmonella with a detection limit at the single-copy level. Also, as a supplement to the intuitive naked-eye visualization results, numerical analysis of the colored images was available with a smartphone app to extract RGB values from colored images. This work provides a simple, rapid, and user-friendly solution for PCR identification, which promises great potential in molecular diagnosis of Salmonella and other pathogens in field.展开更多
In this work,we investigate the impact of the whole small recess offset on DC and RF characteristics of InP high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs).L_(g)=80 nm HEMTs are fabricated with a double-recessed gate proces...In this work,we investigate the impact of the whole small recess offset on DC and RF characteristics of InP high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs).L_(g)=80 nm HEMTs are fabricated with a double-recessed gate process.We focus on their DC and RF responses,including the maximum transconductance(g_(m_max)),ON-resistance(R_(ON)),current-gain cutoff frequency(f_(T)),and maximum oscillation frequency(f_(max)).The devices have almost same RON.The g_(m_max) improves as the whole small recess moves toward the source.However,a small gate to source capacitance(C_(gs))and a small drain output conductance(g_(ds))lead to the largest f_(T),although the whole small gate recess moves toward the drain leads to the smaller g_(m_max).According to the small-signal modeling,the device with the whole small recess toward drain exhibits an excellent RF characteristics,such as f_(T)=372 GHz and f_(max)=394 GHz.This result is achieved by paying attention to adjust resistive and capacitive parasitics,which play a key role in high-frequency response.展开更多
In this paper,we propose an RLC equivalent circuit model theory which can accurately predict the spectral response and resonance characteristics of metamaterial absorption structures,extend its design,and characterize...In this paper,we propose an RLC equivalent circuit model theory which can accurately predict the spectral response and resonance characteristics of metamaterial absorption structures,extend its design,and characterize the parameters of the model in detail.By employing this model,we conducted computations to characterize the response wavelength and bandwidth of variously sized metamaterial absorbers.A comparative analysis with Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD)simulations demonstrated a remarkable level of consistency in the results.The designed absorbers were fabricated using micro-nano fabrication processes,and were experimentally tested to demonstrate absorption rates exceeding 90%at a wavelength of 9.28μm.The predicted results are then compared with test results.The comparison reveals good consistency in two aspects of the resonance responses,thereby confirming the rationality and accuracy of this model.展开更多
In a high heat flux ablative environment,the surface temperature of aircraft rises rapidly,leading to traditional high thermal conductivity materials being ineffective at protecting internal metal components.In this s...In a high heat flux ablative environment,the surface temperature of aircraft rises rapidly,leading to traditional high thermal conductivity materials being ineffective at protecting internal metal components.In this study,continuous carbon fiber reinforced Li_(2)O-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)(C_(f)/LAS)glass ceramic composites doped with SiC particles(SiC_(p))were prepared by slurry immersion winding and hot pressing sintering.Effect of matrix crystallinity on ablative properties of the composites under ultra-high heat flux was investigated.By utilizing heat absorption and low thermal conductivity characteristics associated with SiO_(2)gasification within composite materials,both surface and internal temperatures of these materials are effectively reduced,thereby ensuring the safe operation of aircraft and electronic devices.Results indicate that the average linear ablation rate of composites doped with 10%(in mass)of SiC_(p)significantly decreases at a heat flux of 20 MW/m^(2).Transmission electron microscope observation reveals that the doped glass matrix exhibits increased crystallinity,reduced internal stress,and minimized lattice distortion,thereby enhancing the composites’high-temperature performance.However,excessive SiC_(p)doping leads to reduced crystallinity and deteriorated ablation performance.Ultimately,the average linear ablation rate of C_(f)/LAS composites with 10%(in mass)SiC_(p)at 20 MW/m^(2)heat flux is comparable to that of commercial carbon/carbon composites,accompanied by providing lower thermal conductivity and higher bending strength.This novel high-performance C_(f)/LAS composite is cost-effective,short-cycled,and suitable for mass production,offering promising potential for widespread application in ablation-resistant components of hypersonic vehicles.展开更多
Addressing the kinetic limitations of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is paramount for advancing rechargeable Zn-air batteries,thus it is extremely urgent to drive the development of effective and affordable electrocata...Addressing the kinetic limitations of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is paramount for advancing rechargeable Zn-air batteries,thus it is extremely urgent to drive the development of effective and affordable electrocatalysts.This work constructs the interfacial structure of cobalt-iron alloys@phosphates(denoted as CoFe/CoFePO)as OER catalyst through a two-step approach using water-bath and hydrothermal methods,which demonstrated significant OER activity in alkaline media,requiring a low overpotential of 271 mV to achieve 10 mA cm^(−2) and exhibiting a competitive Tafel slope of 65 mV dec^(-1),alongside sustained operational stability.The enhanced performance can be attributed to the improved electrical conductivity due to the participation of CoFe alloys and the increased number of active sites through partial phosphorylation,which synergistically enhances charge transfer processes and accelerates OER kinetics.Moreover,dynamic structural evolution during OER process was thoroughly probed,and the results show that alloys@phosphates gradually evolve into phosphate radicalmodified CoFe hydroxyoxides that act as the actual active phase.Highlighting its practical applicability,the integration of prepared catalyst into zinc-air batteries leads to markedly improved performance,thereby offering promising new strategic directions for the development of next-generation OER electrocatalysts.展开更多
Fractional-N phase-locked loops(PLLs)are widely deployed in high-speed communication systems to generate local oscillator(LO)or clock signals with precise frequency.To support sophisticated modulations for increasing ...Fractional-N phase-locked loops(PLLs)are widely deployed in high-speed communication systems to generate local oscillator(LO)or clock signals with precise frequency.To support sophisticated modulations for increasing the data rate,the PLL needs to generate low-jitter output[1].展开更多
Quantum well infrared photodetectors(QWIPs) based on intersubband transitions hold significant potential for high bandwidth operation. In this work, we establish a carrier transport optimization model incorporating el...Quantum well infrared photodetectors(QWIPs) based on intersubband transitions hold significant potential for high bandwidth operation. In this work, we establish a carrier transport optimization model incorporating electron injection at the emitter to investigate the carrier dynamics time and impedance spectroscopy in GaAs/AlGaAs QWIPs. Our findings provide novel evidence that the escape time of electrons is the key limiting factor for the 3-dB bandwidth of QWIPs. Moreover, to characterize the impact of carrier dynamics time and non-equilibrium space charge region on impedance, we developed an equivalent circuit model where depletion region resistance and capacitance are employed to describe non-equilibrium space charge region. Using this model, we discovered that under illumination, both net charge accumulation caused by variations in carrier dynamics times within quantum wells and changes in width of non-equilibrium space charge region exert different dominant influences on depletion region capacitance at various doping concentrations.展开更多
文摘In this paper,we present a circuit model of single-quantum-well InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes based on the standard rate equations.Two rate equations describe carrier transport processes occurring in sep-arate confinement heterostructure and quantum well respectively,and the third equation describes the varied photons in quantum well.By using the presented model,impacts of quantum well thickness on the static and dynamic performances are investigated.Simulated results show that LED with 4 nm well exhibits better lightcurrent(L-I)performance,but LED with 3 nm well presents wider 3 dB modulation bandwidth.It reveals that high carrier density in quantum well is detrimental to the static performance,but beneficial to the dynamic performance.
基金supported by the NSFC under Grant No.62474169the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2024YFB3212200the funding from USTC under Grant Nos.WK2100000025,KY2190000003,and KY2190000006。
文摘Soft X-ray detectors play a vital role in materials science,high-energy physics and medical imaging.Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6),a lead-free double perovskite,has gained attention for its excellent optoelectronic properties,stability,and nontoxicity.However,its fast crystallization and requirement for high-temperature annealing(>250℃)often lead to inferior film quality,limiting its application in flexible devices.This study introduces an alloying strategy that significantly improves the quality of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)thin films annealed at a reduced temperature of 150℃.Devices based on the alloyed thin films exhibit an ultra-low dark current of 0.32 nA·cm^(-2)and a quantum efficiency of 725%.Furthermore,the first successful integration of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)with a thinfilm transistor backplane demonstrates its superior imaging performance,indicating that Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)is a promising material for next-generation soft X-ray sensors.
基金supported by the Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project(No.2022HZ027006,No.2024HZ021023)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20118).
文摘High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted considerable research attention in battery applications due to exceptional properties such as remarkable structural stability,enhanced ionic conductivity,superior mechanical strength,and outstanding catalytic activity.These distinctive characteristics render HEMs highly suitable for various battery components,such as electrodes,electrolytes,and catalysts.This review systematically examines recent advances in the application of HEMs for energy storage,beginning with fundamental concepts,historical development,and key definitions.Three principal categories of HEMs,namely high-entropy alloys,high-entropy oxides,and highentropy MXenes,are analyzed with a focus on electrochemical performance metrics such as specific capacity,energy density,cycling stability,and rate capability.The underlying mechanisms by which these materials enhance battery performance are elucidated in the discussion.Furthermore,the pivotal role of machine learning in accelerating the discovery and optimization of novel high-entropy battery materials is highlighted.The review concludes by outlining future research directions and potential breakthroughs in HEM-based battery technologies.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62174180 and 62304258)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1609000)。
文摘This paper quantitatively discusses the influence of well contact on single-event transient(SET)in sub-20 nm FinFET by two-photon absorption(TPA)pulse laser.Two groups of inverter chains were designed to investigate the impact of well contact distance on the FinFET process.The experimental results show that the SET pulse width has a bimodal symmetric distribution,which is different from that of a bulk planar CMOS device.To investigate the detailed mechanism of the phenomenon,a high-precision FinFET TCAD model was established,in which both Id-Vd and Id-Vg errors were less than 10%compared to the SPICE model provided by the commercial process.TCAD simulation under heavy ion injection showed the mechanism of the abnormal phenomenon,where the well contact plays a major role in charge collection at the near-well contact distance,while the source plays a major role at the far distance.This phenomenon is completely different from that of planar CMOS devices.This indicates that the SET mechanism becomes more complicated during the FinFET process.Therefore,more effective SET hardening methods should be investigated for FinFET.
基金Financial support from the program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.52475059)Major Program of National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(NSFC)for Basic Theory and Key Technology of Tri-Co Robots(92248301)+3 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(No.2024M751167)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001)Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation(No.BK20240155)supported by the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(RS2024-00406534,RS-2025-25442809)。
文摘Soft actuators,capable of producing mechanical work in response to external stimuli,have potential applications in robotics and exoskeletons.However,they face major challenges related to energy supply,especially in long-distance and miniaturized environments.Fuel-driven actuators offer a promising solution by enabling the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy,supporting selfsustaining operations.Chemical energy from fuel can be converted into mechanical energy either directly or indirectly through methods such as electron transfer-induced charge injection,structural changes,fuel-to-electricity conversion,fuel combustioninduced heat,or fuel-induced pneumatic actuation.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in fuel-powered actuators,covering their fundamental principles,advancements,and challenges.It concludes with an outlook for miniaturized and autonomous robots,highlighting the great potential of integrating fuel-powered actuators.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFA0915200,2023YFA0915204)the Equipment Research and Development Projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.PTYQ2024YZ0010)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Project(No.XTCX-KJ-2024-038)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(No.H2024206249)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZC20232838)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.22S31901700).
文摘The implementation of multiple pathogen testing is essential for a rapid response to future outbreaks and for reducing disease transmission.This study introduces a 96-channel microfluidic chip,fabricated through a molding process,which enables the batch detection of pathogens.It explores the rapid lysis and elution processes of pathogens within the microfluidic chips to ensure that nucleic acid extraction,elution,and amplification are completed entirely within the chip.This chip can extract nucleic acids from samples in just 10 min,achieving an extraction efficiency comparable to that of traditional in-tube methods.An oil phase is pre-loaded into the chip to effectively prevent aerosol contamination.This approach allows for the simultaneous detection of 21 common respiratory pathogens,with a detection limit of 10 copies per reaction.Furthermore,applications involving clinical samples demonstrate significant practicality.Compared to many traditional in-tube pathogen detection methods and molecular biology technologies that utilize microfluidic chips,this detection chip not only enables simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens but also demonstrates high sensitivity.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)supported this work under Grant No.32250410309,11674086,51736006,and 51772080funding from Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province under Grant No.BE2022029Shenzhen University under Grant No.86902/000248 also supported part of this work.
文摘The development of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(LT-SOFCs)is of significant importance for realizing the widespread application of SOFCs.This has stimulated a substantial materials research effort in developing high oxide-ion conductivity in the electrolyte layer of SOFCs.In this context,for the first time,a dielectric material,CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12)(CCTO)is designed for LT-SOFCs electrolyte application in this study.Both individual CCTO and its heterostructure materials with a p-type Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ)(NCAL)semiconductor are evaluated as alternative electrolytes in LT-SOFC at 450–550℃.The single cell with the individual CCTO electrolyte exhibits a power output of approximately 263 mW cm^(-2) and an open-circuit voltage(OCV)of 0.95 V at 550℃,while the cell with the CCTO–NCAL heterostructure electrolyte capably delivers an improved power output of approximately 605 mW cm^(-2) along with a higher OCV over 1.0 V,which indicates the introduction of high hole-conducting NCAL into the CCTO could enhance the cell performance rather than inducing any potential short-circuiting risk.It is found that these promising outcomes are due to the interplay of the dielectric material,its structure,and overall properties that led to improve electrochemical mechanism in CCTO–NCAL.Furthermore,density functional theory calculations provide the detailed information about the electronic and structural properties of the CCTO and NCAL and their heterostructure CCTO–NCAL.Our study thus provides a new approach for developing new advanced electrolytes for LT-SOFCs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFB3504804 and 2023YFF0718303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51871219,52071324,52031014,and 52401255)+1 种基金Science and Technology Project of Shenyang City(No.22-101-0-27)Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology Doctoral Initiation Fund Project(No.2307B19).
文摘To realize the application of electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)devices in humid marine environments,bifunctional EWA materials with better EWA capacities and anticorrosion properties have great exploration significance and systematic research re-quirements.By utilizing the low-cost and excellent magnetic and stable chemical characteristics of barium ferrite(BaFe_(12)O_(19))and using the high dielectric loss and excellent chemical inertia of nanocarbon clusters,a new type of nanocomposites with carbon nanoclusters en-capsulating BaFe_(12)O_(19)was designed and synthesized by combining an impregnation method and a high-temperature calcination strategy.Furthermore,Ce-Mn ions were introduced into the BaFe_(12)O_(19)lattice to improve the dielectric and magnetic properties of BaFe_(12)O_(19)cores significantly,and the energy band structure of the doped lattice and the orders of Ce replacing Fe sites were calculated.Benefiting from Ce-Mn ion doping and carbon nanocluster encapsulation,the composite material exhibited excellent dual functionality of corrosion resist-ance and EWA.When BaCe_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)Fe_(11.5)O_(19)-C(BCM-C)was calcined at 600°C,the minimum reflection loss of-20.1 dB was achieved at 14.43 GHz.The Ku band’s effective absorption bandwidth of 4.25 GHz was achieved at an absorber thickness of only 1.3 mm.The BCM-C/polydimethylsiloxane coating had excellent corrosion resistance in the simulated marine environment(3.5wt%NaCl solution).The|Z|0.01Hz value of BCM-C remained at 106Ω·cm^(2)after 12 soaking days.The successful preparation of the BaFe_(12)O_(19)composite en-capsulated with carbon nanoclusters provides new insights into the preparation of multifunctional absorbent materials and the fabrication of absorbent devices applied in humid marine environments in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62371080 and 62031006)the National Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0597)the Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees,China(No.cx2022063)。
文摘This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground communication.The array consists of ten broadside-radiating,ultrawide-beamwidth elements that are cascaded by a central-symmetry series-fed network with tapered currents following Dolph-Chebyshev distribution to provide low SLL.First,an innovative design of end-fire Huygens source antenna that is compatible with metal ground is presented.A low-profile,half-mode Microstrip Patch Antenna(MPA)is utilized to serve as the magnetic dipole and a monopole is utilized to serves as the electric dipole,constructing the compact,end-fire,grounded Huygens source antenna.Then,two opposite-oriented end-fire Huygens source antennas are seamlessly integrated into a single antenna element in the form of monopole-loaded MPA to accomplish the ultrawide,broadside-radiating beam.Particular consideration has been applied into the design of series-fed network as well as antenna element to compensate the adverse coupling effects between elements on the radiation performance.Experiment indicates an ultrawide Half-Power Beamwidth(HPBW)of 161°and a low SLL of-25 dB with a high gain of 12 d Bi under a single-layer configuration.The concurrent ultrawide beamwidth and low SLL make it particularly attractive for applications of UAV air-to-ground communication.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2241221).
文摘This article introduces a novel 20 V radiation-hardened high-voltage metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)driver with an optimized input circuit and a drain-surrounding-source(DSS)structure.The input circuit of a conventional inverter consists of a thick-gate-oxide n-type MOSFET(NMOS).These conventional drivers can tolerate a total ionizing dose(TID)of up to 100 krad(Si).In contrast,the proposed comparator input circuit uses both a thick-gate-oxide p-type MOSFET(PMOS)and thin-gate-oxide NMOS to offer a high input voltage and higher TID tolerance.Because the thick-gate-oxide PMOS and thin-gate-oxide NMOS collectively provide better TID tolerance than the thick-gate-oxide NMOS,the circuit exhibits enhanced TID tolerance of>300 krad(Si).Simulations and experimental date indicate that the DSS structure reduces the probability of unwanted parasitic bipolar junction transistor activation,yielding a better single-event effect tolerance of over 81.8 MeVcm^(2)mg^(-1).The innovative strategy proposed in this study involves circuit and layout design optimization,and does not require any specialized process flow.Hence,the proposed circuit can be manufactured using common commercial 0.35μm BCD processes.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272198 and 22109163)。
文摘Promising aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)continue to face significant challenges regarding zinc anode reversibility due to detrimental reactions including hydrogen evolution and corrosion.Herein,the d-band center is used as an“intuitive descriptor”to compare the hydrogen evolution activity of zinc-based transition bimetallic oxides(ZTBOs)of fourth-period transition metal elements,and the advantages of ZnTi_(3)O_(7)(ZTO)functional protective layer in inhibiting hydrogen evolution and extending the lifespan of the zinc anode are selectively identified.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21972027)the Foshan Xianhu Laboratory(41220103,41210501,XHD2021-001,XHD2022001,492305,472303)。
文摘Carbon dioxide accounts for about 80 percent of greenhouse emissions and the increasing CO_(2)emission has been identified as a critical environmental issue.On the other hand,CO_(2)is a potentially renewable resource of a single carbon molecule,and new technologies to utilize CO_(2)in producing net-zero fuels and chemicals are of global interest.Great efforts have been made in the development of new materials and processes for CO_(2)capture and utilization(CCU).Among them,ionic liquids(ILs)have attracted much attention due to their unique characteristics such as high CO_(2)solubility,high ionic conductivity,negligible volatility,non-flammability,wide electrochemical window,and high thermal stability,as well as good solvation ability.This review summarizes the most recent efforts devoted to IL-based absorption,catalysts,and CO_(2)capture and utilization processes.We discuss the factors that affect the interaction between ILs and CO_(2),impacting on the viscosity and CO_(2)solubility and preview the coupling of CO_(2)capture with electrochemical conversion of CO_(2).Finally,we provide an overview on the advantages and disadvantages of the IL-based process for practical applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1904173 and 52272219)the Key Research Projects of Henan Provincial Department of Education(No.19A150043)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Nos.202300410330 and 222300420276)the Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars of Xinyang Normal Universitythe Xinyang Normal University Analysis&Testing Center。
文摘Transition metal sulfides have great potential as anode mterials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their high theoretical specific capacities.However,the inferior intrinsic conductivity and large volume variation during sodiation-desodiation processes seriously affect its high-rate and long-cyde performance,unbeneficial for the application as fast-charging and long-cycling SIBs anode.Herein,the three-dimensional porous Cu_(1.81)S/nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks(Cu_(1.81)S/NC)are synthesized by the simple and facile sol-gel and annealing processes,which can accommodate the volumetric expansion of Cu_(1.81)S nanoparticles and accelerate the transmission of ions and electrons during Na^(+)insertion/extraction processes,exhibiting the excellent rate capability(250.6 mA·g^(-1)at 20.0 A·g^(-1))and outstanding cycling stability(70% capacity retention for 6000 cycles at 10.0 A·g^(-1))for SIBs.Moreover,the Na-ion full cells coupled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/C cathode also demonstrate the satisfactory reversible specific capacity of 330.5 mAh·g^(-1)at 5.0 A·g^(-1)and long-cycle performance with the 86.9% capacity retention at 2.0 A·g^(-1)after 750 cycles.This work proposes a promising way for the conversionbased metal sulfides for the applications as fast-charging sodium-ion battery anode.
基金supported by the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT)(Nos.FDCT 0029/2021/A1,FDCT0002/2021/AKP,004/2023/SKL,0036/2021/APD)University of Macao(No.MYRG-GRG2023-00034-IME,SRG2024-00057IME)+2 种基金Dr.Stanley Ho Medical Development Foundation(No.SHMDF-OIRFS/2024/001)Zhuhai Huafa Group(No.HF-006-2021)Guangdong Science and Technology Department(No.2022A0505030022)。
文摘Rapid diagnosis of Salmonella is crucial for the effective control of food safety incidents, especially in regions with poor hygiene conditions. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR), as a promising tool for Salmonella detection, is facing a lack of simple and fast sensing methods that are compatible with field applications in resource-limited areas. In this work, we developed a sensing approach to identify PCR-amplified Salmonella genomic DNA with the naked eye in a snapshot. Based on the ratiometric fiuorescence signals from SYBR Green Ⅰ and Hydroxyl naphthol blue, positive samples stood out from negative ones with a distinct color pattern under UV exposure. The proposed sensing scheme enabled highly specific identification of Salmonella with a detection limit at the single-copy level. Also, as a supplement to the intuitive naked-eye visualization results, numerical analysis of the colored images was available with a smartphone app to extract RGB values from colored images. This work provides a simple, rapid, and user-friendly solution for PCR identification, which promises great potential in molecular diagnosis of Salmonella and other pathogens in field.
基金Supported by the Terahertz Multi User RF Transceiver System Development Project(Z211100004421012).
文摘In this work,we investigate the impact of the whole small recess offset on DC and RF characteristics of InP high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs).L_(g)=80 nm HEMTs are fabricated with a double-recessed gate process.We focus on their DC and RF responses,including the maximum transconductance(g_(m_max)),ON-resistance(R_(ON)),current-gain cutoff frequency(f_(T)),and maximum oscillation frequency(f_(max)).The devices have almost same RON.The g_(m_max) improves as the whole small recess moves toward the source.However,a small gate to source capacitance(C_(gs))and a small drain output conductance(g_(ds))lead to the largest f_(T),although the whole small gate recess moves toward the drain leads to the smaller g_(m_max).According to the small-signal modeling,the device with the whole small recess toward drain exhibits an excellent RF characteristics,such as f_(T)=372 GHz and f_(max)=394 GHz.This result is achieved by paying attention to adjust resistive and capacitive parasitics,which play a key role in high-frequency response.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62174092)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics(SITP-NLIST-ZD-2023-04)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0580000)。
文摘In this paper,we propose an RLC equivalent circuit model theory which can accurately predict the spectral response and resonance characteristics of metamaterial absorption structures,extend its design,and characterize the parameters of the model in detail.By employing this model,we conducted computations to characterize the response wavelength and bandwidth of variously sized metamaterial absorbers.A comparative analysis with Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD)simulations demonstrated a remarkable level of consistency in the results.The designed absorbers were fabricated using micro-nano fabrication processes,and were experimentally tested to demonstrate absorption rates exceeding 90%at a wavelength of 9.28μm.The predicted results are then compared with test results.The comparison reveals good consistency in two aspects of the resonance responses,thereby confirming the rationality and accuracy of this model.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A6014,52103357)。
文摘In a high heat flux ablative environment,the surface temperature of aircraft rises rapidly,leading to traditional high thermal conductivity materials being ineffective at protecting internal metal components.In this study,continuous carbon fiber reinforced Li_(2)O-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)(C_(f)/LAS)glass ceramic composites doped with SiC particles(SiC_(p))were prepared by slurry immersion winding and hot pressing sintering.Effect of matrix crystallinity on ablative properties of the composites under ultra-high heat flux was investigated.By utilizing heat absorption and low thermal conductivity characteristics associated with SiO_(2)gasification within composite materials,both surface and internal temperatures of these materials are effectively reduced,thereby ensuring the safe operation of aircraft and electronic devices.Results indicate that the average linear ablation rate of composites doped with 10%(in mass)of SiC_(p)significantly decreases at a heat flux of 20 MW/m^(2).Transmission electron microscope observation reveals that the doped glass matrix exhibits increased crystallinity,reduced internal stress,and minimized lattice distortion,thereby enhancing the composites’high-temperature performance.However,excessive SiC_(p)doping leads to reduced crystallinity and deteriorated ablation performance.Ultimately,the average linear ablation rate of C_(f)/LAS composites with 10%(in mass)SiC_(p)at 20 MW/m^(2)heat flux is comparable to that of commercial carbon/carbon composites,accompanied by providing lower thermal conductivity and higher bending strength.This novel high-performance C_(f)/LAS composite is cost-effective,short-cycled,and suitable for mass production,offering promising potential for widespread application in ablation-resistant components of hypersonic vehicles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52002122).
文摘Addressing the kinetic limitations of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is paramount for advancing rechargeable Zn-air batteries,thus it is extremely urgent to drive the development of effective and affordable electrocatalysts.This work constructs the interfacial structure of cobalt-iron alloys@phosphates(denoted as CoFe/CoFePO)as OER catalyst through a two-step approach using water-bath and hydrothermal methods,which demonstrated significant OER activity in alkaline media,requiring a low overpotential of 271 mV to achieve 10 mA cm^(−2) and exhibiting a competitive Tafel slope of 65 mV dec^(-1),alongside sustained operational stability.The enhanced performance can be attributed to the improved electrical conductivity due to the participation of CoFe alloys and the increased number of active sites through partial phosphorylation,which synergistically enhances charge transfer processes and accelerates OER kinetics.Moreover,dynamic structural evolution during OER process was thoroughly probed,and the results show that alloys@phosphates gradually evolve into phosphate radicalmodified CoFe hydroxyoxides that act as the actual active phase.Highlighting its practical applicability,the integration of prepared catalyst into zinc-air batteries leads to markedly improved performance,thereby offering promising new strategic directions for the development of next-generation OER electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the University of Macao Research Fund under Grant MYRG-GRG2024-00298-IMEby the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT)under Grant 0103/2022/AFJ.
文摘Fractional-N phase-locked loops(PLLs)are widely deployed in high-speed communication systems to generate local oscillator(LO)or clock signals with precise frequency.To support sophisticated modulations for increasing the data rate,the PLL needs to generate low-jitter output[1].
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61991442)。
文摘Quantum well infrared photodetectors(QWIPs) based on intersubband transitions hold significant potential for high bandwidth operation. In this work, we establish a carrier transport optimization model incorporating electron injection at the emitter to investigate the carrier dynamics time and impedance spectroscopy in GaAs/AlGaAs QWIPs. Our findings provide novel evidence that the escape time of electrons is the key limiting factor for the 3-dB bandwidth of QWIPs. Moreover, to characterize the impact of carrier dynamics time and non-equilibrium space charge region on impedance, we developed an equivalent circuit model where depletion region resistance and capacitance are employed to describe non-equilibrium space charge region. Using this model, we discovered that under illumination, both net charge accumulation caused by variations in carrier dynamics times within quantum wells and changes in width of non-equilibrium space charge region exert different dominant influences on depletion region capacitance at various doping concentrations.
