Skin bleaching is a public health problem in West Africa most studied in general population. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to evaluate the prevalence of the phenomenon in secondary schools in central Benin. Th...Skin bleaching is a public health problem in West Africa most studied in general population. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to evaluate the prevalence of the phenomenon in secondary schools in central Benin. The prevalence of voluntary depigmentation (VD) was 36.6%. The sex ratio was 0.49. Gender was statistically associated with VD (p value < 0.000). Bleaching products used were often hydroquinone (42.2%), and corticosteroid (22.7%). The mean duration of the practice was 20 months. Products were applied over all body twice a day in most students. The main dermatological complications of the practice were discoloration (32.2%), stretch marks (20%), acne (18.5%), and fungal infections (13.1%). Parents funded and chose the bleaching products in most cases. This was the first survey conducted in secondary schools in West Africa targeted voluntary depigmentation. The high prevalence of the practice raises some questions, among them the core values of West African societies.展开更多
<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Annona</span></i><span style="font-family:""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">muricata</span&...<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Annona</span></i><span style="font-family:""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">muricata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. (Soursop or Graviola) is a naturally occurring plant seen in Southern part of Africa, traditionally used in Benin to treat various diseases. The present study aimed to investigate phytochemical composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">muricata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> leaves extracts. The secondary metabolites of ethanolic and hemi-ethanolic extracts were analysed by HPLC method. The DPPH and FRAP methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Inhibition of albumin denaturation method was used to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of the tested extracts of which larval cytotoxicity was st</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">udied. The major identified compounds were gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, cafeic acid, tannic acid, ferrulic acid, Rutin. Ascorbic acid exhibited the highest inhibition percentage (83.33% ± 0.50%) of DPPH radical with the lowest IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (45.1 ± 0.28 μg/ml). The inhibition of the ferric ion Fe</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3+</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> varied (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.0013) according to the extracts type. IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values of ferric ion inhibition range from 119.5 ± 3.10 to 250.8 ± 2.13 μg/ml respectively for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">muricata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> leaves ethanol and hemi-ethanolic extracts. The hemi-ethanolic extract exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity (96.66% </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">± 1.17%). The presence of phenolic compound confers to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">muricata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> leaves, through the ethanolic and the hemi-ethanolic extracts, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.展开更多
In southern Benin, where population is growing and water demand for domestic activities is increasing, water balance assessment constitutes a serious concern about sustainability of water resources. Major ions have be...In southern Benin, where population is growing and water demand for domestic activities is increasing, water balance assessment constitutes a serious concern about sustainability of water resources. Major ions have been employed with statistical methods to identify geochemical processes controlling groundwater quality. Multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis “PCA” and hierarchical cluster analysis “HCA”) revealed the main sources of groundwater mineralization. According to the hydrochemical data and the methods of treatment, groundwater mineralization in the investigated aquifer is caused by four main processes: 1) mixing with Nokoué lake and Porto-Novo lagoon salt water causing salinity to increase in the southern part of the aquifer;2) anthropogenic activities;3) cation exchange process;and 4) soil CO2 diffusion providing a large proportion of bicarbonates.展开更多
Increasing consumer awareness regarding the health benefits of different nutrients in food has led to the requirement of assessing the effect of food processing approaches on the quality attributes. The present work f...Increasing consumer awareness regarding the health benefits of different nutrients in food has led to the requirement of assessing the effect of food processing approaches on the quality attributes. The present work focuses on understanding the effects of ultrasound (US) processing, mild heat pasteurization (65°C for 15 min), thermal pasteurization (80°C for 15 min) and their combination on physicochemical, microbiological properties and nutritional quality of pineapple juice through 60 days of storage at room temperature. Ultrasound treatment showed significantly lower browning degree. Ultrasound followed by ultrasound combined with mild heat pasteurization (UMP) treatments was effective in retaining the total phenolic content of pineapple juice as compared to the thermal treatment or the untreated juice sample at room temperature during 60 days of storage. Thermal pasteurization (TP) followed by ultrasound combined with mild heat pasteurization (UMP) and ultrasound (US) treatment, in increasing order, was found to be effective in delaying microbial growth in pineapple juice. This study demonstrates that ultrasound combined with mild heat pasteurization treatments could be able to effectively inactivate the microorganisms and pectin methylesterase in pineapple juice whilst preserving relatively high amount of phenols.展开更多
The better knowledge of a plant genetic biodiversity is based on a prior study of its agro-morphological characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological diversity of maize accessions ...The better knowledge of a plant genetic biodiversity is based on a prior study of its agro-morphological characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological diversity of maize accessions and its structure on the basis of 14 variables. For the experimentation, 43 and 98 maize accessions were planted in three replicates respectively in central and northern Benin following an incomplete randomized block. The mixed model analysis of two factors variance revealed a significant difference for all accessions considering each agro-morphological characteristic evaluated except the germination day of two areas seed accessions. The numerical classification grouped the accessions into four groups in each zone. The stepwise discriminant analysis showed that early characters related to plant height and ear insertion were the variables that discriminated accessions in both zones. Maturity and recovery ears, sensitivity to streak and the germination days are the variables that discriminate accessions of the two areas. These results provide a database for the creation of improved maize varieties that meet the needs of展开更多
In this work, by the use of several physico-chemical complementary methods for the characterization of soil (diffraction of x-rays, chemical analysis, density, cationic exchange capacity, specific sur faces, m?ssbauer...In this work, by the use of several physico-chemical complementary methods for the characterization of soil (diffraction of x-rays, chemical analysis, density, cationic exchange capacity, specific sur faces, m?ssbauer, granulometry, etc.), the smectite of the three clayey localities of Benin (Gbédji-Kotovi, Massi-Sèhouè and Zogbodomey) was notably studied. Thus, these three sites principally contain principally smectite, kaolinite and quartz in variable proportion. This smectite is a beidellite. Its chemical formula is proposed. The specific surfaces and the cationic exchange capacity of the samples are determined. For these samples, the fraction lower than 2 μm is practically beidellitic for Gbédji-Kotovi and Massi-Sèhouè (more than 82% of beidellite) and practically kaolinitic (70% of kaolinite) for Zogbodomey. So, used as additive food to ruminant, the clay of Gbédji-Kotovi and Massi-Sèhouè will induce an enteric reduction of methane more than clay of Zogbodomey.展开更多
Groundwater resources are the main sources of water used to supply drinking water to the population of the Ouémé Delta via the Continental Terminal aquifer. Urbanization, population growth, and agricultural ...Groundwater resources are the main sources of water used to supply drinking water to the population of the Ouémé Delta via the Continental Terminal aquifer. Urbanization, population growth, and agricultural and industrial activities have resulted in a deterioration in the quality of these resources. To assess the quality of the delta’s groundwater and its suitability for human consumption and irrigation, a total of fourteen (14) physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in some forty existing water points between September 2020 and March 2021, using standard water analysis techniques. The values obtained were compared with the potability standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Republic of Benin and were subjected to statistical analysis (principal component analysis (PCA)). In addition, methods for determining the suitability of water for irrigation were used. The results showed that the waters are acidic to slightly neutral and influenced by ambient temperature. In addition, the waters are moderately mineralized, with conductivities (24 - 1205 μS/cm) in line with WHO standards. A comparison of the analytical results of the WHO (2017) and Benin (2001) standards indicates that the majority of the waters studied are of good quality for all the chemical parameters considered. Nevertheless, some samples show levels of nitrates (21%), potassium (14% to 16%), calcium (13%), ammonium (12%), nitrites (8%) and bicarbonates (10%) over their respective standards. The Wilcox and Riverside diagrams indicate that the majority of waters (90%) have excellent suitability for irrigation and no negative effect on soil fertilization.展开更多
<strong>Introduction</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</str...<strong>Introduction</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</strong> The maternal mortality ratio in developing countries is 239/</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">100,000 live births (LV) in 2015, compared to 12/100,000 live births (LV) in developed countries. This study aims to analyze the avoidability of maternal deaths at the CHU-MEL from 2015 to 2019.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patients and Method</span></b></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: This was a descriptive analytical study with retrospective data collection from January 1st 2015 to August 31st 2019, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 56 months. The data </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> collected from medical records, maternal death registers, anaesthesia registers. They were entered and analyzed using Epi info version 7 software. The associations between avoidability of death and aetiologies were tested using Chi</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> or Fisher’s test as appropriate. The threshold for statistical significance was 5%.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The maternal mortality ratio over 5 years was 905 maternal deaths per</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 100,000 LV. The age of the deceased women ranged from 15 to 44 years, with an average of 29.09 ± 7.04 years. They were illiterate or primary educated (47.02%), married (64.50%) primigravida or paucigravidae (47.02%) and primiparous or pauciparous (59.52%). Of the 151 maternal deaths, (90.73%) were deemed preventable. Delay was the main reason for maternal death, and 82.11% had </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">at least one type of delay. There was no significant difference between the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> avoidability of death and the main aetiologies of haemorrhage (p = 0.865), infections (p = 0.208) and hypertensive complications (p = 0.438).</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The maternal mortality ratio during the study period was 905 maternal </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">deaths per 100,000 LV. Deaths were preventable in 90.73% of cases. The</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> avoidability factors found were varied.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
Nowadays, African cities are subjected to upsets which result from the extraordinary growth of urban populations. The growth of the population of cities has induced some changes in the structure of the activity of tho...Nowadays, African cities are subjected to upsets which result from the extraordinary growth of urban populations. The growth of the population of cities has induced some changes in the structure of the activity of those cities. Agriculture which was formerly confined to the countryside henceforth develops in the urban area and occupies a preponderant place as a strategy of survival, of insertion and of food supplying of the city-dwellers. It has become an activity integrated to the urban tissue through systems of occupying and exploitation of land in the urban area. Population growth (4.81%) between 2002 and 2013 is a critical poverty rate (65%) of the population of Parakou city, entailing a misery perceptible in all its social and economic dimensions. The market-gardening activity has integrated itself to the urban tissue. The objective of this study is to understand how urban agriculture through market-gardening can be a solution for rural farmers who have moved to Parakou city. In this study, documentary research, interviews and field observation are used for data collection. The main results to be signaled among others are: evolution and status of the market-gardening areas in Parakou, the reduction of food insecurity with the permanent availability in quantity and in quality of market-gardening products accessible to the population: the protection of the environment through the drainage of the urban area and the preservation of the diversity of vegetables;the increase of the income of the households of the farmers and the creation of employments.展开更多
The complex behavior and predictability of the Dry Spell Lengths (DSL) series obtained in Benin synoptic stations, from 1951 to 2010 are analyzed in this paper using a fractal approach. The synoptic stations are locat...The complex behavior and predictability of the Dry Spell Lengths (DSL) series obtained in Benin synoptic stations, from 1951 to 2010 are analyzed in this paper using a fractal approach. The synoptic stations are located in Cotonou, Bohicon, Save (subequatorial climate), and Parakou, Natitingou, Kandi (Sudanian climate). The DSLs are computed by considering four thresholds level, R0 = {1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 5.0} mm/day. The fractal trace is estimated for dry spell density by the mean of the “Dry Spell Spell” (DSS) n-index. The rescaled range method is used to determine the predictability of DSL. By analyzing the DSS, results show that low DSS n-index values (n-index < 0.4) are more favored in the northern part of Benin than in the southern region, whereas, high values of DSS n-index (n-index > 0.4) occur preferentially in the southern part. Therefore, during 1951-2010, the Sudanian region presents frequent wet spells, alternated with short dry spells than in the subequatorial one. However, a high degree of long dry spell persistence, followed by short dry events is observed in the subequatorial region than in the Sudanian one. The longest DSL is observed in the subequatorial region, especially in Cotonou. Except for the Kandi station, the DSLs series obtained at synoptic stations are characterized by persistence. Therefore, autoregressive processes could be applied to the DSL series. Generally, the physical process governing dry spells observed at Save, Natitingou, and Bohicon are consistently predictable than the process governing the stations of the Cotonou and Parakou. However, at Kandi station, the DSL process approximates the usual Brownian motion, and it is, therefore, unpredictable or difficult to predict.展开更多
Introduction: Severe malaria is one of the leading causes of death in Sub-Saharan African countries, and artesunate is recommended as a first-line treatment by the Word Heath Organization (WHO.). Objective: Identify t...Introduction: Severe malaria is one of the leading causes of death in Sub-Saharan African countries, and artesunate is recommended as a first-line treatment by the Word Heath Organization (WHO.). Objective: Identify the advantages of artesunate compared with quinine in the treatment of severe malaria in children. Methods and patients: This study was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study focused on children hospitalized for severe malaria in the CNHU who were treated with quinine or artesunate. Findings: The hospital-based frequency rate of severe malaria in pediatric patients was estimated to be 28.3% (n = 848). One hundred five children were treated with artesunate, and 743 were treated with quinine. The mean age of the children was 47 months old. The primary signs of severity were anemia (n = 776), neurological manifestations (n = 309) and hemolysis (n = 137). The average duration of treatment was 1.95 days for artesunate versus 2.45 days for quinine, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). The average length of stay (ALOS) in the hospital was 5 days for the artesunate group versus 5.75 days for the quinine group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Six of the children who received artesunate died, whereas 24 children who treated with quinine died. The total average cost of healthcare was 50,600 FCFA (77 euros) per child treated with artesunate versus 57,100 FCFA (87 euros) per child treated with quinine. Conclusion: The treatment of severe malaria with artesunate is superior to quinine-based treatment.展开更多
Aim: To determine the Plasmid DNA profile of the multidrug resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the clinical isolates. Materials and Methods: Of the 150 clinical samples (Ear swab, Urine, Wound swab, Sputa a...Aim: To determine the Plasmid DNA profile of the multidrug resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the clinical isolates. Materials and Methods: Of the 150 clinical samples (Ear swab, Urine, Wound swab, Sputa and Semen) received at Lahor Research Laboratory and Medical center in Benin City, between January 2010 and December 2012, 36 (24%) yielded significant growth of P. aeruginosa. Samples were cultured on MacConkey and Blood agar. Clinical isolates were identified using standard method. Antibiotics susceptibility test employing agar disc diffusion method was used. Clinical isolates were subjected to Plasmid DNA profiling and curing test was carried out at Lahor Molecular Laboratory. This was followed by a post plasmid curing susceptibility test. Agarose gel electrophoresis was carried out to separate the Plasmid DNA using standard method. Bands were visualized using UV illuminator. Results: Wound swabs had the highest numbers of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa (55.6%) followed by Urine, Semen, Sputa and Ear swab (19.4%, 11.0%, 8.3%, and 5.6%) respectively. Before the isolates were cured of their plasmid, 39% of the P. aeruginosa strains were found to be resistant to Ciprofloxacin (CPX), 47%, Ofloxacin (OFX), 44% Pefloxacin (PEF) and 56% Sparfloxacin (SPX). After plasmid curing, the new antibiogram of the isolates showed that some clinical isolates that hitherto were resistant to a given Fluoroquinolone became susceptible, 36% to CPX, 12% to OFX, 12.5% to PEF and 15% to SPX. Agarose gel electrophoresis carried out on the Plasmid DNA revealed that there was detectable Plasmid DNA in 13.9% of the clinical isolates analyzed. Conclusion: There is an alarming increase of clinical infections caused by multidrug resistant strains of P. aeruginosa.13.9% of the multidrug resistance strains of P. aeruginosa in Benin City were Plasmid mediated. Treatment should be based on current Laboratory Susceptibility Test results of the isolates.展开更多
The morphological variability of Prosopis africana in its natural range (which includes three climate zones: Guinean zone, Sudano-Guinean zone and Sudanese zone) of Benin was studied on the basis of forest inventory c...The morphological variability of Prosopis africana in its natural range (which includes three climate zones: Guinean zone, Sudano-Guinean zone and Sudanese zone) of Benin was studied on the basis of forest inventory carried out in three different vegetation types (savannah, fallow and field). The data recorded in 139 plots of 1000 m2 each related to the diameter at breast height (1.3 m over the ground level), the bole height, the height to the first branch, crown height, the crown diameter, number of branches on each individual tree. In these plots, 143 sheets were used to determine the length of leaf, the pinna length, leaflets’ length, numbers of pinna, the number of leaflets, and the stalk diameter. In addition, 735 cloves were measured to determine the fruit pods’ diameter, pod length, the total fruit weight and number of seeds per fruit, the seed length, the weight of a seed, and pulp weight. Analysis of variance components shows that the variability of Prosopis is generally greater among individuals than within vegetation types and climatic zones. Discriminant analysis showed that of the 19 morphometric characters seven (7) in the vegetation types and twelve (12) in climate zones revealed a statistically significant discriminating pattern r (prob. P. africana trees measured, 10 morphogroups were depicted on the basis of 19 morphometric characteristics (R2 = 52.6%).展开更多
Introduction: Self-medication is a common practice in Benin. It has many consequences on people’s health in general and develops chemoresistance in particular. Aim: The aim of this work is to study the practice of an...Introduction: Self-medication is a common practice in Benin. It has many consequences on people’s health in general and develops chemoresistance in particular. Aim: The aim of this work is to study the practice of anti-malarial self-medication in the city of Parakou and to identify the associated factors with this practice. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional analytical survey that took place in the period from April 15 to June 24, 2017. Adults who reported having had malaria symptoms in the last 6 months before the survey and living in 9 neighbourhoods randomly selected in the city of Parakou were included. A structured questionnaire collected their self-medication habit, the drugs used, the supply places and the reasons for this practice. Data were analysed using the Epi-data 3.1 software. Results: Of the 335 respondents included in this study, 141 (42.09%) had self-medicated including 130 (38.81%) with anti-malarial drugs. Fever is the main symptom of malaria cited by respondents (129% or 38.51%) followed by headache (93% or 27.76%). The most commonly used anti-malarial drugs for self-medication are quinine (60% or 44.45%) followed by artemisinin-based combination therapy (46% or 34.07%). Eighty-seven respondents (66.92%) did not have a good knowledge of the drug dosage. Reasons for self-medication were mainly the high cost of consultation fees (99% or 54.10%) and good knowledge of one’s illness (53% or 28.96%). Self-medication associated factors were fever (p = 0.04), non-prescription drugs supply in pharmacies (p Conclusion: Self-medication is a common practice in the city of Parakou. Medicines purchased without prescription in pharmacies and drugs availability in street facilitate this practice, which may compromise the effectiveness of anti-malarial drugs.展开更多
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the major cereal cultivated in Benin and it is important to know its genetic diversity to improve the yield. The genetic markers of important traits are evaluated in order to improve the maize i...Maize (Zea mays L.) is the major cereal cultivated in Benin and it is important to know its genetic diversity to improve the yield. The genetic markers of important traits are evaluated in order to improve the maize inbred lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Benin’s maize accessions by SSR marker. Thus, one hundred eighty seven maize accessions from three areas (South, Center and North) were analyzed using three SSR markers. A total of 227 polymorphic bands were produced and showed high genetic diversity (Shannon index = 0.51). The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR loci ranged from 0.58 to 0.81, with an average of 0.71. Genetic distance-based UPGMA dendrogram showed a genetic differentiation between accessions and they were grouped into four clusters in each area. This work provides necessary information that can be used not only to improve the maize production and conservation but also to better manage genetic species resources in Benin.展开更多
Fruit juice production sector is developing in Benin’s major cities and appears to have both organisational and technical shortcomings. This study aimed to 1) establish the socio-professional profile of actors in the...Fruit juice production sector is developing in Benin’s major cities and appears to have both organisational and technical shortcomings. This study aimed to 1) establish the socio-professional profile of actors in the fruit juice production sector in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou municipalities and 2) evaluate the adoption level of hygienic practices of enterprises. The methodological approach adopted in this study combined a semi-structured survey with direct observations in fifty enterprises. The statistical analysis was carried out using the R.4.0.0 software. The study revealed that fruit juice enterprises in both municipalities are mainly artisanal (90%) and located in residential areas (94%). They are therefore exposed to contamination risks from domestic and road activities. More than half of these enterprises were created less than five years ago. Three administrative types of enterprises were noted: non-structured (32%), semi-structured (34%) and structured (34%). Almost half of the enterprises belong to at least one professional association. Only a few enterprises have marketing authorization. Women predominate in the positions of director and production assistant. The majority of production managers are men. Most directors and production managers have a university education, but not necessarily in the field of food sciences. The adoption level of hygienic practices is significantly influenced by the level of enterprises structuration and size. The level of hygiene in these enterprises is also very weakly influenced by the female gender. Structured and semi-industrial enterprises have a higher adoption level of hygienic practices. Those with acceptable or good hygiene level enterprises contain slightly more women.展开更多
Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of the management of severe acute malnutrition in the Mono Departmental Hospital Center (CHD) in Benin. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and evaluative s...Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of the management of severe acute malnutrition in the Mono Departmental Hospital Center (CHD) in Benin. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and evaluative study which took place from 03 February to 20 July 2016. The study was carried out in the mono departmental hospital of Lokossa. The non-probabilistic sampling method was used to select all our study materials and all our targets were systematically selected. Our study materials involved observation checklist, guidelines documents and questionnaires to collect data. The assessment of the quality of the hospital management of severe acute malnutrition was based on national and international standards like Benin’s national protocol of acute malnutrition management. Results: In our study, 27 cases of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children were considered. The median age of those children was 12 months. The rates of the components inputs, process and results were 25% (poor), 58.33% (acceptable) and 40% (poor), respectively. The sub components with respect to the norms were all related to the management of severe acute malnutrition like, availability of therapeutic foods ready for use, availability of management protocol, availability of trained and supervised staff in the management of the severe acute malnutrition and the proportion of dead and cured children. The study showed that the quality of the management of severe acute malnutrition at the mono departmental hospital of Lokossa was poor with a rate of 41.38%. Conclusion: The quality of the management of severe acute malnutrition at the mono departmental hospital of Lokossa was poor. The sub components that need to improve were the availability of therapeutic foods ready for use, availability of management protocol, along with the training and supervision of staff in charge of the management of severe acute malnutrition.展开更多
Seizures occurring after stroke are risk factors for the onset of ensuing epilepsy. However, the incidence of vascular epilepsy is low. The purpose of this study was to study vascular epilepsy features in a teaching u...Seizures occurring after stroke are risk factors for the onset of ensuing epilepsy. However, the incidence of vascular epilepsy is low. The purpose of this study was to study vascular epilepsy features in a teaching university. It was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study, conducted from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2016 in Cotonou Teaching Hospital (CNHU-HKM), Benin. It involved 35 patients brought together through comprehensive sampling. Vascular epilepsy hospital attendance rate was 2%. There were simple partial seizures in 74.28% of cases while cerebral ischemia was recorded in 44.44% of patients. Neurological consultation after stroke occurrence was a protective factor against the occurrence of vascular epilepsy with significant p at 0.001.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The purpose of our study was to investigate etiologies of ischemic stroke in the neurology university clinic of CNHU...<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The purpose of our study was to investigate etiologies of ischemic stroke in the neurology university clinic of CNHU-HKM, Cotonou. <strong>Method: </strong>It was a cross-sectional, prospective and analytical study carried out from 1<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>st</sup></span> November 2014 to 31<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>st</sup></span> August 2015 in the neurology university clinic of CNHU-HKM. We included all patients with stroke whose ischemic nature was confirmed through brain CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging. Data analysis was conducted with Census and Survey Processing System (CSPRO). We carried out bivariate then multivariate analysis in identifying associated factors. Threshold value is estimated at p < 0.05. <strong>Results:</strong> 104 ischemic stroke patients participated in the study, representing 59.4% of all types of stroke. Mean age was 61.9 ± 12.3 years [26 - 87 years] with 1.6 as sex ratio. Among vascular risk factors, hypertension accounted for 85.6% of stroke cases. 29.8% suffered from aphasia. Embolic heart diseases and atherosclerosis were predominant, in a proportion of 53% and 26% respectively. Atrial Fibrillation (AF) accounted for 82% of embolic heart diseases. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Etiologic investigation of stroke is important and should be systematically carried out. This study enabled to corroborate atherosclerosis predominance in etiologic investigation of ischemic stroke. Patients’ outcome could be improved by promptly managing the etiology through adoption of appropriate treatment.</span> </div>展开更多
The objective of this study is to reveal the negative impacts of the practices of acadjas on the Aheme lake in Benin. Various material and methods were used for the measures of the physicochemical parameters such as: ...The objective of this study is to reveal the negative impacts of the practices of acadjas on the Aheme lake in Benin. Various material and methods were used for the measures of the physicochemical parameters such as: colorimetric HACH DR/890, the multiparameter WTW 340i and specific kits for the dosage of minerals. Also, the investigations were made with the resources by persons. It emerges from this study that the practices of acadjas asphyxiate and disturb the lake species. In fact, the concentrations in dissolved oxygen became very weak (1595 mg/L to 3740 mg/L), and the contents of nitrites (2, 25 mg/L to 14, 5 mg/L), suspension materials and turbidity are raised. The consequences both on the aquatic fauna and on the vegetation of the bank are worrying. The waterside populations are also threatened. Some actions in an attempt to regulate the practice of acadjas and promote reforestation of the lagoon bank need to be put in place.展开更多
文摘Skin bleaching is a public health problem in West Africa most studied in general population. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to evaluate the prevalence of the phenomenon in secondary schools in central Benin. The prevalence of voluntary depigmentation (VD) was 36.6%. The sex ratio was 0.49. Gender was statistically associated with VD (p value < 0.000). Bleaching products used were often hydroquinone (42.2%), and corticosteroid (22.7%). The mean duration of the practice was 20 months. Products were applied over all body twice a day in most students. The main dermatological complications of the practice were discoloration (32.2%), stretch marks (20%), acne (18.5%), and fungal infections (13.1%). Parents funded and chose the bleaching products in most cases. This was the first survey conducted in secondary schools in West Africa targeted voluntary depigmentation. The high prevalence of the practice raises some questions, among them the core values of West African societies.
文摘<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Annona</span></i><span style="font-family:""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">muricata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. (Soursop or Graviola) is a naturally occurring plant seen in Southern part of Africa, traditionally used in Benin to treat various diseases. The present study aimed to investigate phytochemical composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">muricata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> leaves extracts. The secondary metabolites of ethanolic and hemi-ethanolic extracts were analysed by HPLC method. The DPPH and FRAP methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Inhibition of albumin denaturation method was used to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of the tested extracts of which larval cytotoxicity was st</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">udied. The major identified compounds were gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, cafeic acid, tannic acid, ferrulic acid, Rutin. Ascorbic acid exhibited the highest inhibition percentage (83.33% ± 0.50%) of DPPH radical with the lowest IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (45.1 ± 0.28 μg/ml). The inhibition of the ferric ion Fe</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3+</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> varied (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.0013) according to the extracts type. IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values of ferric ion inhibition range from 119.5 ± 3.10 to 250.8 ± 2.13 μg/ml respectively for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">muricata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> leaves ethanol and hemi-ethanolic extracts. The hemi-ethanolic extract exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity (96.66% </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">± 1.17%). The presence of phenolic compound confers to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">muricata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> leaves, through the ethanolic and the hemi-ethanolic extracts, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
文摘In southern Benin, where population is growing and water demand for domestic activities is increasing, water balance assessment constitutes a serious concern about sustainability of water resources. Major ions have been employed with statistical methods to identify geochemical processes controlling groundwater quality. Multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis “PCA” and hierarchical cluster analysis “HCA”) revealed the main sources of groundwater mineralization. According to the hydrochemical data and the methods of treatment, groundwater mineralization in the investigated aquifer is caused by four main processes: 1) mixing with Nokoué lake and Porto-Novo lagoon salt water causing salinity to increase in the southern part of the aquifer;2) anthropogenic activities;3) cation exchange process;and 4) soil CO2 diffusion providing a large proportion of bicarbonates.
文摘Increasing consumer awareness regarding the health benefits of different nutrients in food has led to the requirement of assessing the effect of food processing approaches on the quality attributes. The present work focuses on understanding the effects of ultrasound (US) processing, mild heat pasteurization (65°C for 15 min), thermal pasteurization (80°C for 15 min) and their combination on physicochemical, microbiological properties and nutritional quality of pineapple juice through 60 days of storage at room temperature. Ultrasound treatment showed significantly lower browning degree. Ultrasound followed by ultrasound combined with mild heat pasteurization (UMP) treatments was effective in retaining the total phenolic content of pineapple juice as compared to the thermal treatment or the untreated juice sample at room temperature during 60 days of storage. Thermal pasteurization (TP) followed by ultrasound combined with mild heat pasteurization (UMP) and ultrasound (US) treatment, in increasing order, was found to be effective in delaying microbial growth in pineapple juice. This study demonstrates that ultrasound combined with mild heat pasteurization treatments could be able to effectively inactivate the microorganisms and pectin methylesterase in pineapple juice whilst preserving relatively high amount of phenols.
文摘The better knowledge of a plant genetic biodiversity is based on a prior study of its agro-morphological characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological diversity of maize accessions and its structure on the basis of 14 variables. For the experimentation, 43 and 98 maize accessions were planted in three replicates respectively in central and northern Benin following an incomplete randomized block. The mixed model analysis of two factors variance revealed a significant difference for all accessions considering each agro-morphological characteristic evaluated except the germination day of two areas seed accessions. The numerical classification grouped the accessions into four groups in each zone. The stepwise discriminant analysis showed that early characters related to plant height and ear insertion were the variables that discriminated accessions in both zones. Maturity and recovery ears, sensitivity to streak and the germination days are the variables that discriminate accessions of the two areas. These results provide a database for the creation of improved maize varieties that meet the needs of
文摘In this work, by the use of several physico-chemical complementary methods for the characterization of soil (diffraction of x-rays, chemical analysis, density, cationic exchange capacity, specific sur faces, m?ssbauer, granulometry, etc.), the smectite of the three clayey localities of Benin (Gbédji-Kotovi, Massi-Sèhouè and Zogbodomey) was notably studied. Thus, these three sites principally contain principally smectite, kaolinite and quartz in variable proportion. This smectite is a beidellite. Its chemical formula is proposed. The specific surfaces and the cationic exchange capacity of the samples are determined. For these samples, the fraction lower than 2 μm is practically beidellitic for Gbédji-Kotovi and Massi-Sèhouè (more than 82% of beidellite) and practically kaolinitic (70% of kaolinite) for Zogbodomey. So, used as additive food to ruminant, the clay of Gbédji-Kotovi and Massi-Sèhouè will induce an enteric reduction of methane more than clay of Zogbodomey.
文摘Groundwater resources are the main sources of water used to supply drinking water to the population of the Ouémé Delta via the Continental Terminal aquifer. Urbanization, population growth, and agricultural and industrial activities have resulted in a deterioration in the quality of these resources. To assess the quality of the delta’s groundwater and its suitability for human consumption and irrigation, a total of fourteen (14) physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in some forty existing water points between September 2020 and March 2021, using standard water analysis techniques. The values obtained were compared with the potability standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Republic of Benin and were subjected to statistical analysis (principal component analysis (PCA)). In addition, methods for determining the suitability of water for irrigation were used. The results showed that the waters are acidic to slightly neutral and influenced by ambient temperature. In addition, the waters are moderately mineralized, with conductivities (24 - 1205 μS/cm) in line with WHO standards. A comparison of the analytical results of the WHO (2017) and Benin (2001) standards indicates that the majority of the waters studied are of good quality for all the chemical parameters considered. Nevertheless, some samples show levels of nitrates (21%), potassium (14% to 16%), calcium (13%), ammonium (12%), nitrites (8%) and bicarbonates (10%) over their respective standards. The Wilcox and Riverside diagrams indicate that the majority of waters (90%) have excellent suitability for irrigation and no negative effect on soil fertilization.
文摘<strong>Introduction</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</strong> The maternal mortality ratio in developing countries is 239/</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">100,000 live births (LV) in 2015, compared to 12/100,000 live births (LV) in developed countries. This study aims to analyze the avoidability of maternal deaths at the CHU-MEL from 2015 to 2019.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patients and Method</span></b></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: This was a descriptive analytical study with retrospective data collection from January 1st 2015 to August 31st 2019, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 56 months. The data </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> collected from medical records, maternal death registers, anaesthesia registers. They were entered and analyzed using Epi info version 7 software. The associations between avoidability of death and aetiologies were tested using Chi</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> or Fisher’s test as appropriate. The threshold for statistical significance was 5%.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The maternal mortality ratio over 5 years was 905 maternal deaths per</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 100,000 LV. The age of the deceased women ranged from 15 to 44 years, with an average of 29.09 ± 7.04 years. They were illiterate or primary educated (47.02%), married (64.50%) primigravida or paucigravidae (47.02%) and primiparous or pauciparous (59.52%). Of the 151 maternal deaths, (90.73%) were deemed preventable. Delay was the main reason for maternal death, and 82.11% had </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">at least one type of delay. There was no significant difference between the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> avoidability of death and the main aetiologies of haemorrhage (p = 0.865), infections (p = 0.208) and hypertensive complications (p = 0.438).</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The maternal mortality ratio during the study period was 905 maternal </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">deaths per 100,000 LV. Deaths were preventable in 90.73% of cases. The</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> avoidability factors found were varied.</span></span></span></span>
文摘Nowadays, African cities are subjected to upsets which result from the extraordinary growth of urban populations. The growth of the population of cities has induced some changes in the structure of the activity of those cities. Agriculture which was formerly confined to the countryside henceforth develops in the urban area and occupies a preponderant place as a strategy of survival, of insertion and of food supplying of the city-dwellers. It has become an activity integrated to the urban tissue through systems of occupying and exploitation of land in the urban area. Population growth (4.81%) between 2002 and 2013 is a critical poverty rate (65%) of the population of Parakou city, entailing a misery perceptible in all its social and economic dimensions. The market-gardening activity has integrated itself to the urban tissue. The objective of this study is to understand how urban agriculture through market-gardening can be a solution for rural farmers who have moved to Parakou city. In this study, documentary research, interviews and field observation are used for data collection. The main results to be signaled among others are: evolution and status of the market-gardening areas in Parakou, the reduction of food insecurity with the permanent availability in quantity and in quality of market-gardening products accessible to the population: the protection of the environment through the drainage of the urban area and the preservation of the diversity of vegetables;the increase of the income of the households of the farmers and the creation of employments.
文摘The complex behavior and predictability of the Dry Spell Lengths (DSL) series obtained in Benin synoptic stations, from 1951 to 2010 are analyzed in this paper using a fractal approach. The synoptic stations are located in Cotonou, Bohicon, Save (subequatorial climate), and Parakou, Natitingou, Kandi (Sudanian climate). The DSLs are computed by considering four thresholds level, R0 = {1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 5.0} mm/day. The fractal trace is estimated for dry spell density by the mean of the “Dry Spell Spell” (DSS) n-index. The rescaled range method is used to determine the predictability of DSL. By analyzing the DSS, results show that low DSS n-index values (n-index < 0.4) are more favored in the northern part of Benin than in the southern region, whereas, high values of DSS n-index (n-index > 0.4) occur preferentially in the southern part. Therefore, during 1951-2010, the Sudanian region presents frequent wet spells, alternated with short dry spells than in the subequatorial one. However, a high degree of long dry spell persistence, followed by short dry events is observed in the subequatorial region than in the Sudanian one. The longest DSL is observed in the subequatorial region, especially in Cotonou. Except for the Kandi station, the DSLs series obtained at synoptic stations are characterized by persistence. Therefore, autoregressive processes could be applied to the DSL series. Generally, the physical process governing dry spells observed at Save, Natitingou, and Bohicon are consistently predictable than the process governing the stations of the Cotonou and Parakou. However, at Kandi station, the DSL process approximates the usual Brownian motion, and it is, therefore, unpredictable or difficult to predict.
文摘Introduction: Severe malaria is one of the leading causes of death in Sub-Saharan African countries, and artesunate is recommended as a first-line treatment by the Word Heath Organization (WHO.). Objective: Identify the advantages of artesunate compared with quinine in the treatment of severe malaria in children. Methods and patients: This study was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study focused on children hospitalized for severe malaria in the CNHU who were treated with quinine or artesunate. Findings: The hospital-based frequency rate of severe malaria in pediatric patients was estimated to be 28.3% (n = 848). One hundred five children were treated with artesunate, and 743 were treated with quinine. The mean age of the children was 47 months old. The primary signs of severity were anemia (n = 776), neurological manifestations (n = 309) and hemolysis (n = 137). The average duration of treatment was 1.95 days for artesunate versus 2.45 days for quinine, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). The average length of stay (ALOS) in the hospital was 5 days for the artesunate group versus 5.75 days for the quinine group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Six of the children who received artesunate died, whereas 24 children who treated with quinine died. The total average cost of healthcare was 50,600 FCFA (77 euros) per child treated with artesunate versus 57,100 FCFA (87 euros) per child treated with quinine. Conclusion: The treatment of severe malaria with artesunate is superior to quinine-based treatment.
文摘Aim: To determine the Plasmid DNA profile of the multidrug resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the clinical isolates. Materials and Methods: Of the 150 clinical samples (Ear swab, Urine, Wound swab, Sputa and Semen) received at Lahor Research Laboratory and Medical center in Benin City, between January 2010 and December 2012, 36 (24%) yielded significant growth of P. aeruginosa. Samples were cultured on MacConkey and Blood agar. Clinical isolates were identified using standard method. Antibiotics susceptibility test employing agar disc diffusion method was used. Clinical isolates were subjected to Plasmid DNA profiling and curing test was carried out at Lahor Molecular Laboratory. This was followed by a post plasmid curing susceptibility test. Agarose gel electrophoresis was carried out to separate the Plasmid DNA using standard method. Bands were visualized using UV illuminator. Results: Wound swabs had the highest numbers of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa (55.6%) followed by Urine, Semen, Sputa and Ear swab (19.4%, 11.0%, 8.3%, and 5.6%) respectively. Before the isolates were cured of their plasmid, 39% of the P. aeruginosa strains were found to be resistant to Ciprofloxacin (CPX), 47%, Ofloxacin (OFX), 44% Pefloxacin (PEF) and 56% Sparfloxacin (SPX). After plasmid curing, the new antibiogram of the isolates showed that some clinical isolates that hitherto were resistant to a given Fluoroquinolone became susceptible, 36% to CPX, 12% to OFX, 12.5% to PEF and 15% to SPX. Agarose gel electrophoresis carried out on the Plasmid DNA revealed that there was detectable Plasmid DNA in 13.9% of the clinical isolates analyzed. Conclusion: There is an alarming increase of clinical infections caused by multidrug resistant strains of P. aeruginosa.13.9% of the multidrug resistance strains of P. aeruginosa in Benin City were Plasmid mediated. Treatment should be based on current Laboratory Susceptibility Test results of the isolates.
文摘The morphological variability of Prosopis africana in its natural range (which includes three climate zones: Guinean zone, Sudano-Guinean zone and Sudanese zone) of Benin was studied on the basis of forest inventory carried out in three different vegetation types (savannah, fallow and field). The data recorded in 139 plots of 1000 m2 each related to the diameter at breast height (1.3 m over the ground level), the bole height, the height to the first branch, crown height, the crown diameter, number of branches on each individual tree. In these plots, 143 sheets were used to determine the length of leaf, the pinna length, leaflets’ length, numbers of pinna, the number of leaflets, and the stalk diameter. In addition, 735 cloves were measured to determine the fruit pods’ diameter, pod length, the total fruit weight and number of seeds per fruit, the seed length, the weight of a seed, and pulp weight. Analysis of variance components shows that the variability of Prosopis is generally greater among individuals than within vegetation types and climatic zones. Discriminant analysis showed that of the 19 morphometric characters seven (7) in the vegetation types and twelve (12) in climate zones revealed a statistically significant discriminating pattern r (prob. P. africana trees measured, 10 morphogroups were depicted on the basis of 19 morphometric characteristics (R2 = 52.6%).
文摘Introduction: Self-medication is a common practice in Benin. It has many consequences on people’s health in general and develops chemoresistance in particular. Aim: The aim of this work is to study the practice of anti-malarial self-medication in the city of Parakou and to identify the associated factors with this practice. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional analytical survey that took place in the period from April 15 to June 24, 2017. Adults who reported having had malaria symptoms in the last 6 months before the survey and living in 9 neighbourhoods randomly selected in the city of Parakou were included. A structured questionnaire collected their self-medication habit, the drugs used, the supply places and the reasons for this practice. Data were analysed using the Epi-data 3.1 software. Results: Of the 335 respondents included in this study, 141 (42.09%) had self-medicated including 130 (38.81%) with anti-malarial drugs. Fever is the main symptom of malaria cited by respondents (129% or 38.51%) followed by headache (93% or 27.76%). The most commonly used anti-malarial drugs for self-medication are quinine (60% or 44.45%) followed by artemisinin-based combination therapy (46% or 34.07%). Eighty-seven respondents (66.92%) did not have a good knowledge of the drug dosage. Reasons for self-medication were mainly the high cost of consultation fees (99% or 54.10%) and good knowledge of one’s illness (53% or 28.96%). Self-medication associated factors were fever (p = 0.04), non-prescription drugs supply in pharmacies (p Conclusion: Self-medication is a common practice in the city of Parakou. Medicines purchased without prescription in pharmacies and drugs availability in street facilitate this practice, which may compromise the effectiveness of anti-malarial drugs.
文摘Maize (Zea mays L.) is the major cereal cultivated in Benin and it is important to know its genetic diversity to improve the yield. The genetic markers of important traits are evaluated in order to improve the maize inbred lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Benin’s maize accessions by SSR marker. Thus, one hundred eighty seven maize accessions from three areas (South, Center and North) were analyzed using three SSR markers. A total of 227 polymorphic bands were produced and showed high genetic diversity (Shannon index = 0.51). The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR loci ranged from 0.58 to 0.81, with an average of 0.71. Genetic distance-based UPGMA dendrogram showed a genetic differentiation between accessions and they were grouped into four clusters in each area. This work provides necessary information that can be used not only to improve the maize production and conservation but also to better manage genetic species resources in Benin.
文摘Fruit juice production sector is developing in Benin’s major cities and appears to have both organisational and technical shortcomings. This study aimed to 1) establish the socio-professional profile of actors in the fruit juice production sector in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou municipalities and 2) evaluate the adoption level of hygienic practices of enterprises. The methodological approach adopted in this study combined a semi-structured survey with direct observations in fifty enterprises. The statistical analysis was carried out using the R.4.0.0 software. The study revealed that fruit juice enterprises in both municipalities are mainly artisanal (90%) and located in residential areas (94%). They are therefore exposed to contamination risks from domestic and road activities. More than half of these enterprises were created less than five years ago. Three administrative types of enterprises were noted: non-structured (32%), semi-structured (34%) and structured (34%). Almost half of the enterprises belong to at least one professional association. Only a few enterprises have marketing authorization. Women predominate in the positions of director and production assistant. The majority of production managers are men. Most directors and production managers have a university education, but not necessarily in the field of food sciences. The adoption level of hygienic practices is significantly influenced by the level of enterprises structuration and size. The level of hygiene in these enterprises is also very weakly influenced by the female gender. Structured and semi-industrial enterprises have a higher adoption level of hygienic practices. Those with acceptable or good hygiene level enterprises contain slightly more women.
文摘Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of the management of severe acute malnutrition in the Mono Departmental Hospital Center (CHD) in Benin. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and evaluative study which took place from 03 February to 20 July 2016. The study was carried out in the mono departmental hospital of Lokossa. The non-probabilistic sampling method was used to select all our study materials and all our targets were systematically selected. Our study materials involved observation checklist, guidelines documents and questionnaires to collect data. The assessment of the quality of the hospital management of severe acute malnutrition was based on national and international standards like Benin’s national protocol of acute malnutrition management. Results: In our study, 27 cases of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children were considered. The median age of those children was 12 months. The rates of the components inputs, process and results were 25% (poor), 58.33% (acceptable) and 40% (poor), respectively. The sub components with respect to the norms were all related to the management of severe acute malnutrition like, availability of therapeutic foods ready for use, availability of management protocol, availability of trained and supervised staff in the management of the severe acute malnutrition and the proportion of dead and cured children. The study showed that the quality of the management of severe acute malnutrition at the mono departmental hospital of Lokossa was poor with a rate of 41.38%. Conclusion: The quality of the management of severe acute malnutrition at the mono departmental hospital of Lokossa was poor. The sub components that need to improve were the availability of therapeutic foods ready for use, availability of management protocol, along with the training and supervision of staff in charge of the management of severe acute malnutrition.
文摘Seizures occurring after stroke are risk factors for the onset of ensuing epilepsy. However, the incidence of vascular epilepsy is low. The purpose of this study was to study vascular epilepsy features in a teaching university. It was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study, conducted from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2016 in Cotonou Teaching Hospital (CNHU-HKM), Benin. It involved 35 patients brought together through comprehensive sampling. Vascular epilepsy hospital attendance rate was 2%. There were simple partial seizures in 74.28% of cases while cerebral ischemia was recorded in 44.44% of patients. Neurological consultation after stroke occurrence was a protective factor against the occurrence of vascular epilepsy with significant p at 0.001.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The purpose of our study was to investigate etiologies of ischemic stroke in the neurology university clinic of CNHU-HKM, Cotonou. <strong>Method: </strong>It was a cross-sectional, prospective and analytical study carried out from 1<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>st</sup></span> November 2014 to 31<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>st</sup></span> August 2015 in the neurology university clinic of CNHU-HKM. We included all patients with stroke whose ischemic nature was confirmed through brain CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging. Data analysis was conducted with Census and Survey Processing System (CSPRO). We carried out bivariate then multivariate analysis in identifying associated factors. Threshold value is estimated at p < 0.05. <strong>Results:</strong> 104 ischemic stroke patients participated in the study, representing 59.4% of all types of stroke. Mean age was 61.9 ± 12.3 years [26 - 87 years] with 1.6 as sex ratio. Among vascular risk factors, hypertension accounted for 85.6% of stroke cases. 29.8% suffered from aphasia. Embolic heart diseases and atherosclerosis were predominant, in a proportion of 53% and 26% respectively. Atrial Fibrillation (AF) accounted for 82% of embolic heart diseases. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Etiologic investigation of stroke is important and should be systematically carried out. This study enabled to corroborate atherosclerosis predominance in etiologic investigation of ischemic stroke. Patients’ outcome could be improved by promptly managing the etiology through adoption of appropriate treatment.</span> </div>
文摘The objective of this study is to reveal the negative impacts of the practices of acadjas on the Aheme lake in Benin. Various material and methods were used for the measures of the physicochemical parameters such as: colorimetric HACH DR/890, the multiparameter WTW 340i and specific kits for the dosage of minerals. Also, the investigations were made with the resources by persons. It emerges from this study that the practices of acadjas asphyxiate and disturb the lake species. In fact, the concentrations in dissolved oxygen became very weak (1595 mg/L to 3740 mg/L), and the contents of nitrites (2, 25 mg/L to 14, 5 mg/L), suspension materials and turbidity are raised. The consequences both on the aquatic fauna and on the vegetation of the bank are worrying. The waterside populations are also threatened. Some actions in an attempt to regulate the practice of acadjas and promote reforestation of the lagoon bank need to be put in place.
