This paper combines a variety of physicochemical nondestructive techniques to obtain a knowledge of the chemical and mineralogical composition of the scarce fossil bones from the Húmera paleontological site(Madri...This paper combines a variety of physicochemical nondestructive techniques to obtain a knowledge of the chemical and mineralogical composition of the scarce fossil bones from the Húmera paleontological site(Madrid,Spain).The main classification of the samples has distinguished six colors:red,gray,blue,white,light yellow and green.μ-XRD and Raman spectroscopy have been correlated to study the structure and to distinguish between fluorapatite,chlorapatite,bioapatite and carbonated bones.The bones have further been classified in three main types.Type I includes gray,green,white,and blue samples,classified as fluorapatite and chlorapatite containing organic matter and adsorbed water.Type II,includes the red sample classified as bioapatite,showing broad Raman bands andμ-XRD peaks due to the lattice disorder created by the B-type substitutions emerging from a high matter content.Type III sample(yellow)shows a complete replacement of apatite by calcite which induce the high porosity of the sample.Diagenetic changes add further complexity to the structure of fossil bones,not only by new ionic substitutions but also in terms of biogenic or authigenic phases that form in the fossilizing bone.The multi-technique approach from a broad interdisciplinary perspective enables a better understanding of bone fossilization.展开更多
Several studies have shown that phenolic and carotenoid compounds protect against oxidative stress, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancers. The objective of this research was to determi...Several studies have shown that phenolic and carotenoid compounds protect against oxidative stress, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancers. The objective of this research was to determine the individual contribution of the main phenolic compounds from the papaya fruit skin and the individual contribution of main carotenoids from the pulp for total antioxidant capacity at four ripening stages;and the individual and combined radical scavenging ability used the essays DPPH (radical 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl) and ABTS (radical 2, 20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6 sulphonic acid). Phenolic acids standards for this study were ferulic (FA), caffeic (CA) and p-coumaric (pCA) acids and carotenoids studied were Lycopene, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin. The phenol that showed the best DPPH· and ABTS·+ radical scavenging ability was CA, with 89.47% and 92.98%, respectively. Lycopene contributed the greatest to the TAC (11.9-43.2). Lycopene also showed the best DPPH· and ABTS ·+ radical scavenging ability with 62.12% and 94.26%, respectively. Antiradical ability of phenolics and carotenoids depended on the structure of the compound and its concentration.展开更多
Edible coatings (EC) applied to fresh-cut fruits are used to increase their shelf-life and to deliver antioxidant bioactives such as phenolic compounds (PC) that reduce their oxidative damage while enhance their funct...Edible coatings (EC) applied to fresh-cut fruits are used to increase their shelf-life and to deliver antioxidant bioactives such as phenolic compounds (PC) that reduce their oxidative damage while enhance their functional value. However, the combination of different PC may have synergetic, additive or antagonic effects on the final antioxidant capacity (AOXC). The aim of this study was to examine the AOXC of binary combinations of selected PC from mango peel and their bioaccessibility from 6% alginate-based EC applied to fresh-cut papaya, under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Among equimolar (0.1 mM) combinations, gallic + protocatechuic acids (AB) were synergic in radical scavenging activity (RSA) as assayed by DPPH (90% RSA) and FRAP (0.39 mg TE/mL) methods;when assayed in 6% alginate-based EC, their RSA increased (117.85% RSA, 0.88 mg TE/mL). The application of EC + AB to papaya cubes and further in vitro digestion decreased their AOXC probably due to interactions between EC and papaya’s matrix. Therefore, further studies are needed in order to evaluate the effect of combination of phenolic and EC applied in other fruits matrix on antioxidants bioaccessibility.展开更多
The taxonomy of the genus Quercus is the subject of ongoing scientific interest at the present time. Classically the scanning electron microscope is and has been used for the study of leaf surfaces, particularly to ch...The taxonomy of the genus Quercus is the subject of ongoing scientific interest at the present time. Classically the scanning electron microscope is and has been used for the study of leaf surfaces, particularly to characterise the trichomes, stomata and epicuticular waxes. In the present work, in addition to using the SEM, histological sections from a group of taxa from the northern Iberian Peninsula are studied under the optical microscope. Specifically, the study concerns the leaves of Quercus robur subsp. robur, Q. orocantabrica, Q. petraea and Q. pyrenaica, and of possible hybrids between Q. orocantabrica and Q. petraea and between Q. orocantabrica and Q. pyrenaica. The results highlight histological differences between Q. robur and Q. orocantabrica, and also differentiate the morphological characteristics of Q. petraea and Q. pyrenaica. Similarities can also be observed between Q. petraea and its possible hybrid with Q. orocantabrica, and between Q. pyrenaica and its hybrid with Q. orocantabrica. The aspects observed under the optical microscope complement the observations obtained by means of the scanning electron microscope, and as a consequence of this, two new nothospecies are described: Q. xpuentei (Q. orocantabrica × Q. petraea) and Q. xpenasii (Q. orocantabrica × Q. pyrenaica).展开更多
Several epidemiological studies have suggested that carotenoids have antineoplasic activities. The objective of this study was to determine the antiproliferative effect of rich carotenoid lipophilic extracts of papaya...Several epidemiological studies have suggested that carotenoids have antineoplasic activities. The objective of this study was to determine the antiproliferative effect of rich carotenoid lipophilic extracts of papaya fruit pulp ( Carica papaya L., cv Maradol) in breast cancer cells, MCF-7 (estrogen receptor positive) and MDA-MB-231 (estrogen receptor negative), and in non-tumoral mammary epithelial cells MCF-12F. Antiproliferative effect was evaluated using the methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and testing lipophilic extracts from different papaya fruit ripening stages (RS1, RS2, RS3, RS4), at different times (24, 48 and 72 h). Papaya lipophilic extracts do not inhibit cell proliferation of MCF-12F and MDA-MB-231 cells. However, MCF-7 cells showed a significant reduction in proliferation at 72 h with the RS4 papaya extract. Results suggested that lipophilic extracts had different action mechanisms on each type of cells and therefore, more studies were required to elucidate such mechanisms.展开更多
Objective: To correlate apoptosis of cultured human granulosa- lutein cells (GL cells) with the outcome of IVF (embryo fragmentation and pregnancy rate) and to study the effect of insulin and insulin- like growth fact...Objective: To correlate apoptosis of cultured human granulosa- lutein cells (GL cells) with the outcome of IVF (embryo fragmentation and pregnancy rate) and to study the effect of insulin and insulin- like growth factor I (IGF- I) on apoptosis. Design: In vitro assays. Setting: University laboratory and private IVF center. Patient(s): Eighty- one women undergoing IVF. Intervention(s): Purified human GL cells from pooled follicles were cultured for 48 hours in serum- free media with or without insulin and IGF- I. Cumulus cells and mural GL cells were evaluated separately. Main Outcome Measure(s): Detection of apoptosis by using caspACE FITC- VAD- FMK, a fluorescent in situ marker for activated caspases; embryo fragmentation; and pregnancy. Result(s): Age younger than 38 years and successful pregnancy were associated with less apoptosis (33.0% ± 17.2% vs. 43.2% ± 18.0% and 30.2% ± 14.0% vs. 40.4% ± 19.5% , respectively). There was a linear correlation between embryo fragmentation and GL cell apoptosis. Insulin- like growth factor I decreased apoptosis in a dose- dependent fashion. A statistically significant effect (17% decrease) was reached at a dose of 10 nM. Insulin (10 nM) caused a small (8% ) decrease in apoptosis, but this effect did not reach statistical significance. Cumulus cells consistently had < 3% apoptosis. Conclusion(s): [1] Apoptosis of cultured GL cells may be associated with IVF outcome and ovarian reserve and [2] IGF- I decreases apoptosis of cultured GL cells.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities(CIENCIA)(Spain)under projects CGL2013-47988-C2-01-P and CGL2016-77138-C2-1-P.
文摘This paper combines a variety of physicochemical nondestructive techniques to obtain a knowledge of the chemical and mineralogical composition of the scarce fossil bones from the Húmera paleontological site(Madrid,Spain).The main classification of the samples has distinguished six colors:red,gray,blue,white,light yellow and green.μ-XRD and Raman spectroscopy have been correlated to study the structure and to distinguish between fluorapatite,chlorapatite,bioapatite and carbonated bones.The bones have further been classified in three main types.Type I includes gray,green,white,and blue samples,classified as fluorapatite and chlorapatite containing organic matter and adsorbed water.Type II,includes the red sample classified as bioapatite,showing broad Raman bands andμ-XRD peaks due to the lattice disorder created by the B-type substitutions emerging from a high matter content.Type III sample(yellow)shows a complete replacement of apatite by calcite which induce the high porosity of the sample.Diagenetic changes add further complexity to the structure of fossil bones,not only by new ionic substitutions but also in terms of biogenic or authigenic phases that form in the fossilizing bone.The multi-technique approach from a broad interdisciplinary perspective enables a better understanding of bone fossilization.
文摘Several studies have shown that phenolic and carotenoid compounds protect against oxidative stress, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancers. The objective of this research was to determine the individual contribution of the main phenolic compounds from the papaya fruit skin and the individual contribution of main carotenoids from the pulp for total antioxidant capacity at four ripening stages;and the individual and combined radical scavenging ability used the essays DPPH (radical 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl) and ABTS (radical 2, 20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6 sulphonic acid). Phenolic acids standards for this study were ferulic (FA), caffeic (CA) and p-coumaric (pCA) acids and carotenoids studied were Lycopene, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin. The phenol that showed the best DPPH· and ABTS·+ radical scavenging ability was CA, with 89.47% and 92.98%, respectively. Lycopene contributed the greatest to the TAC (11.9-43.2). Lycopene also showed the best DPPH· and ABTS ·+ radical scavenging ability with 62.12% and 94.26%, respectively. Antiradical ability of phenolics and carotenoids depended on the structure of the compound and its concentration.
文摘Edible coatings (EC) applied to fresh-cut fruits are used to increase their shelf-life and to deliver antioxidant bioactives such as phenolic compounds (PC) that reduce their oxidative damage while enhance their functional value. However, the combination of different PC may have synergetic, additive or antagonic effects on the final antioxidant capacity (AOXC). The aim of this study was to examine the AOXC of binary combinations of selected PC from mango peel and their bioaccessibility from 6% alginate-based EC applied to fresh-cut papaya, under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Among equimolar (0.1 mM) combinations, gallic + protocatechuic acids (AB) were synergic in radical scavenging activity (RSA) as assayed by DPPH (90% RSA) and FRAP (0.39 mg TE/mL) methods;when assayed in 6% alginate-based EC, their RSA increased (117.85% RSA, 0.88 mg TE/mL). The application of EC + AB to papaya cubes and further in vitro digestion decreased their AOXC probably due to interactions between EC and papaya’s matrix. Therefore, further studies are needed in order to evaluate the effect of combination of phenolic and EC applied in other fruits matrix on antioxidants bioaccessibility.
文摘The taxonomy of the genus Quercus is the subject of ongoing scientific interest at the present time. Classically the scanning electron microscope is and has been used for the study of leaf surfaces, particularly to characterise the trichomes, stomata and epicuticular waxes. In the present work, in addition to using the SEM, histological sections from a group of taxa from the northern Iberian Peninsula are studied under the optical microscope. Specifically, the study concerns the leaves of Quercus robur subsp. robur, Q. orocantabrica, Q. petraea and Q. pyrenaica, and of possible hybrids between Q. orocantabrica and Q. petraea and between Q. orocantabrica and Q. pyrenaica. The results highlight histological differences between Q. robur and Q. orocantabrica, and also differentiate the morphological characteristics of Q. petraea and Q. pyrenaica. Similarities can also be observed between Q. petraea and its possible hybrid with Q. orocantabrica, and between Q. pyrenaica and its hybrid with Q. orocantabrica. The aspects observed under the optical microscope complement the observations obtained by means of the scanning electron microscope, and as a consequence of this, two new nothospecies are described: Q. xpuentei (Q. orocantabrica × Q. petraea) and Q. xpenasii (Q. orocantabrica × Q. pyrenaica).
文摘Several epidemiological studies have suggested that carotenoids have antineoplasic activities. The objective of this study was to determine the antiproliferative effect of rich carotenoid lipophilic extracts of papaya fruit pulp ( Carica papaya L., cv Maradol) in breast cancer cells, MCF-7 (estrogen receptor positive) and MDA-MB-231 (estrogen receptor negative), and in non-tumoral mammary epithelial cells MCF-12F. Antiproliferative effect was evaluated using the methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and testing lipophilic extracts from different papaya fruit ripening stages (RS1, RS2, RS3, RS4), at different times (24, 48 and 72 h). Papaya lipophilic extracts do not inhibit cell proliferation of MCF-12F and MDA-MB-231 cells. However, MCF-7 cells showed a significant reduction in proliferation at 72 h with the RS4 papaya extract. Results suggested that lipophilic extracts had different action mechanisms on each type of cells and therefore, more studies were required to elucidate such mechanisms.
文摘Objective: To correlate apoptosis of cultured human granulosa- lutein cells (GL cells) with the outcome of IVF (embryo fragmentation and pregnancy rate) and to study the effect of insulin and insulin- like growth factor I (IGF- I) on apoptosis. Design: In vitro assays. Setting: University laboratory and private IVF center. Patient(s): Eighty- one women undergoing IVF. Intervention(s): Purified human GL cells from pooled follicles were cultured for 48 hours in serum- free media with or without insulin and IGF- I. Cumulus cells and mural GL cells were evaluated separately. Main Outcome Measure(s): Detection of apoptosis by using caspACE FITC- VAD- FMK, a fluorescent in situ marker for activated caspases; embryo fragmentation; and pregnancy. Result(s): Age younger than 38 years and successful pregnancy were associated with less apoptosis (33.0% ± 17.2% vs. 43.2% ± 18.0% and 30.2% ± 14.0% vs. 40.4% ± 19.5% , respectively). There was a linear correlation between embryo fragmentation and GL cell apoptosis. Insulin- like growth factor I decreased apoptosis in a dose- dependent fashion. A statistically significant effect (17% decrease) was reached at a dose of 10 nM. Insulin (10 nM) caused a small (8% ) decrease in apoptosis, but this effect did not reach statistical significance. Cumulus cells consistently had < 3% apoptosis. Conclusion(s): [1] Apoptosis of cultured GL cells may be associated with IVF outcome and ovarian reserve and [2] IGF- I decreases apoptosis of cultured GL cells.
