Original statement in the Section 2:2.Literature search Our primary screening of 180 articles yielded the relevant data for this study.2.1.Study selection A total of 180 articles spanning from 1960 to the present day,...Original statement in the Section 2:2.Literature search Our primary screening of 180 articles yielded the relevant data for this study.2.1.Study selection A total of 180 articles spanning from 1960 to the present day,including original research,reviews,case reports and studies reporting nitrosamine impurities above the no-observed-adverse-effect levels(NOAEL)established by regulatory agencies,were initially screened.During the primary screening,we considered factors such as relevance,publication date,access to the full article text,and content.展开更多
A study was carried out in Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Campus Aurangabad, Maharashtra State, India for analyzing the prevalence of Muscardine disease during rainy, winter and summer season in bivoltin...A study was carried out in Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Campus Aurangabad, Maharashtra State, India for analyzing the prevalence of Muscardine disease during rainy, winter and summer season in bivoltine x bivoltine hybrids viz. CSR2 × CSR4, CSR4 × CSR2 and multi × bivoltine hybrid PM × CSR2. Observation on Muscardine disease was recorded till the onset of spinning. Analysis of results shows that disease prevalence was more in bivoltine x bivoltine hybrids compare to multi × bivoltine hybrids. PM × CSR2 was found to be more resistant towards Muscardine disease compared to other hybrids under agro-climatic conditions of Aurangabad.展开更多
Curry leaves, scientifically termed Murraya koenigii, are renowned in South Asian cuisine for their flavor enhancement and potential health benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic proper...Curry leaves, scientifically termed Murraya koenigii, are renowned in South Asian cuisine for their flavor enhancement and potential health benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of thermal processing methods on curry leaves by analysing Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and metabolizing enzyme inhibition. Fresh curry leaves were subjected to thermal treatments: Oven-dried at 60˚C and Air-dried at 25˚C for 2 weeks. Extracts were prepared using Ethanol and water solvents. Results indicated that Air-dried leaves exhibited significantly higher TPC (5132.65 mg GAE/100 g) and TFC (243.13 mg CE/100 g) compared to Fresh and Oven-dried leaves. Antioxidant assays show that oven-dried curry leaves at 60˚C displayed higher results in NORS, FRAP, and TEAC assays compared to Fresh and Air-dried leaves. Ethanol extracts showed better extraction of bioactive compounds than aqueous extracts. Moreover, Lipase inhibition activity was notably high, indicating potential health benefits. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of processing methods on curry leaf extracts, emphasizing the importance of solvent selection for optimal extraction of bioactive compounds.展开更多
Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of the central nervous system (DLBCL CNS) represent less than 1% of all lymphomas and between 2% and 3% of all cerebral tumors. They occur in adults of 60 years of age or mor...Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of the central nervous system (DLBCL CNS) represent less than 1% of all lymphomas and between 2% and 3% of all cerebral tumors. They occur in adults of 60 years of age or more. The objective of this work is to describe the clinical-pathological characteristics, the immunophenotype and the differential diagnosis. Clinical Case: From the files of the surgical pathology unit we found four cases of primary diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the central nervous system in a 6-year period. Three corresponded to women over 47 years of age and the other to a 42-year-old man. The time of evolution was between 2 and 4 months. The symptoms were headache, blurred vision, hemiparesis, and seizures. Localization was in the pineal region, the frontal, parietal regions, and the right thalamus. Morphologically, large lymphoid cells with a diffuse growth pattern and necrosis were observed. Immunohistochemical markers, such as CD 20 and bcl2 were positive, one was positive to CD3. Expression of bcl6 and CD 10 was positive in one case, and MUM-1 was positive in three cases. All the cases were negative for Epstein-Barr virus. Conclusions: The diffuse large-B cell lymphoma of the central nervous system is rare. Its average age of presentation is at 60 years or older. The localization is in the pineal, frontal, parietal and thalamic regions. Three cases were originated by activated B lymphocyte (MUM-1 expression) and other from the Germinal Center (GC) (CD 10 expression). The clinical course was bad. The four patients died shortly after the diagnosis.展开更多
There are several reports on the utilisation of Moringa oleifera in poultry diets due to its essential bioactive compounds yet,little is known about its influence on Japanese quail eggs and meat qualities.Hence,the ne...There are several reports on the utilisation of Moringa oleifera in poultry diets due to its essential bioactive compounds yet,little is known about its influence on Japanese quail eggs and meat qualities.Hence,the need to examine performance,eggs and meat qualities of Japanese quail hens fed M.oleifera leaf.To achieve this,240 Japanese quail chicks were allocated to three dietary treatments:D1:control,0.0%(without M.oleifera leaf meal),D2:(0.5%M.oleifera leaf meal)and D3:(1%M.oleifera leaf meal).Data on performance,carcass,organs,eggs and meat qualities were collected and subjected to ANOVA at 0.05.Results revealed that feed consumption was lowest(2,701g)in D1 and highest(2,800g)in D2,carcass weight varied from 100-100.67g,thigh weight(12.66-13.58g)and breast weight was highest(40.41g)in D3.Liver weight was lowest(3.25g)in D1,kidney was largest(0.91g)in D3 whereas,the heart,gizzard and spleen weights ranged from 1.00-1.16g,3.08-3.50g and 0.04-0.08g,respectively.In the eggs,crude protein(10.94%),crude fat(6.71%),ash(1.36%),high-density lipoprotein(96.12mg/100g)and low-density lipoprotein(120.67mg/100g)were highest in D1.Total cholesterol(364.08mg/100g)and triglycerides(147.27mg/100g)were least in D1 and the caloric value varied from 1.46-1.47kcal/g.In the meat,crude protein(17.14%)and energy value(1.96kcal/g)were best in D2 but,crude fat(12.62%),ash(2.85%)and carbohydrates(1.31%)were superior in D3.In both eggs and meat,no crude fibre(0.0%)was detected.In any case,all the parameter values were within the normal ranges given in healthy Japanese quails at similar age.Consequently,addition of M.oleifera leaf meal at 1.0%to Japanese quail diets might not depress performance,affect carcass quality,cause organs dysfunctions but may improve nutritional quality of the eggs and meat.展开更多
In this paper, we discuss the problem concerning global and local structure of solutions of an operator equation posed by M. S. Berger. Let f : U (?)E→ F be a C1 map, where E and F are Banach spaces and U is open in ...In this paper, we discuss the problem concerning global and local structure of solutions of an operator equation posed by M. S. Berger. Let f : U (?)E→ F be a C1 map, where E and F are Banach spaces and U is open in E. We show that the solution set of the equation f(x)=y for a fixed generalized regular value y of f is represented as a union of disjoint connected C1 Banach submanifolds of U, each of which has a dimension and its tangent space is given. In particular, a characterization of the isolated solutions of the equation f(x) = y is obtained.展开更多
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJ-OA) affects a significant proportion of the population worldwide.However,there has been no substantial progress in the development of FDA-approved drugs for treatment due to ...Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJ-OA) affects a significant proportion of the population worldwide.However,there has been no substantial progress in the development of FDA-approved drugs for treatment due to a lack of understanding of the specific factors regulating key TMJ-OA molecular mechanisms.Lysyl Oxidase-Like-2(LOXL2) promotes knee joint cartilage protection and is down regulated in a TMJ-OA animal model.We evaluated the role of LOXL2 in TMJ cartilage,its molecular mechanism,and gene networks using in vivo Loxl2 knockout mice(Acan-Cre;Loxl2^(flox/flox)) and ex vivo goat TMJ cartilage.Our results show that Loxl2 knockout in mouse cartilage upregulates Il1b,Mmp9,Mmp13,Adamts4,and Adamts5,but reduces the levels of aggrecan and proteoglycan.Loxl2 deleted TMJ cartilage show a higher enrichment of inflammatory response,TNFA signaling via NF-κB,extracellular matrix(ECM),and collagen degradation pathway network.Conversely,LOXL2 treatment reduces interleukin-1beta(IL-1β)-induced expression of Mmp13,protects mitochondrial function,and ECM from degeneration.Importantly,LOXL2attenuates IL-1 β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis via the phosphorylation of NF-κB and expression of the pain-related gene PTGS2(encodes COX2).Taken together,Loxl2 knockout mice exacerbate TMJ-OA through cartilage/ECM degradation,mitochondrial dysfunction,chondrocyte apoptosis,and inflammatory gene expression,whereas LOXL2 treatment mitigate these effects.展开更多
The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a plastic structure that displays modifications at different levels in response to positive stimuli as well as to negative conditions such as brain damage.The latter involves gl...The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a plastic structure that displays modifications at different levels in response to positive stimuli as well as to negative conditions such as brain damage.The latter involves global alterations,making understanding plastic responses triggered by local damage difficult.One key feature of the dentate gyrus is that it contains a well-defined neurogenic niche,the subgranular zone,and beyond neurogenesis,newly born granule cells may maintain a“young”phenotype throughout life,adding to the plastic nature of the structure.Here,we present a novel experimental model of local brain damage in organotypic entorhino-hippocampal cultures that results in the activation of adjacent newly born granule cells.A small piece of filter paper was placed on the surface of the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus,which evoked a foreign body reaction of astrocytes,along with the activation of local young neurons expressing doublecortin.Forty-eight hours after foreign body placement,the number of doublecortin-immunoreactive cells increased in the subgranular zone in the direct vicinity of the foreign body,whereas overall increased doublecortin immunoreactivity was observed in the granule cell layer and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus.Foreign body placement in the pyramidal layer of the CA1 region evoked a comparable local astroglial reaction but did not lead to an increase in doublecortin-immunoreactive in either the CA1 region or the adjacent dentate gyrus.Seven days after foreign body placement in the dentate gyrus,the increase in doublecortin-immunoreactivity was no longer observed,indicating the transient activation of young cells.However,7 days after foreign body placement,the number of doublecortin-immunoreactive granule cells coimmunoreactive for calbindin was lower than that under the control conditions.As calbindin is a marker for mature granule cells,this result suggests that activated young cells remain at a more immature stage following foreign body placement.Live imaging of retrovirally green fluorescent protein-labeled newly born granule cells revealed the orientation and growth of their dendrites toward the foreign body placement.This novel experimental model of foreign body placement in organotypic entorhino-hippocampal cultures could serve as a valuable tool for studying both glial reactivity and neuronal plasticity,specifically of newly born neurons under controlled in vitro conditions.展开更多
Exploring cost-effective and efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)poses a significant challenge,espe-cially in the pursuit of alternatives to precious metals like platinum.Significant advancements hav...Exploring cost-effective and efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)poses a significant challenge,espe-cially in the pursuit of alternatives to precious metals like platinum.Significant advancements have driven electrochem-ists to develop efficient ORR catalysts using abundant materials,particularly iron(Fe)-based,known for their exceptional performance in ORR.While the crucial function of Fe in boosting ORR catalytic activity is recognized,the connection between material attributes and catalytic performance remains enigmatic.Understanding the dynamic processes involved in oxygen electrocatalysis is paramount for designing precious-metals-free ORR electrocatalysts.Mössbauer spectroscopy stands out as a powerful technique for deciphering the structural characteristics of Fe species in catalysis,facilitating the identification of active sites and the clarification of catalytic mechanisms.By showcasing noteworthy case studies within this review,we demonstrate the application of in-situ/operando 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy across diverse Fe-involved materials in ORR catalysis.This sheds light on various aspects of ORR catalysis,such as identifying active sites,assessing stability,and understanding the reaction mechanism.Our inquiry drives towards the opportunities and hurdles associ-ated with Mössbauer spectroscopy,unveiling potential breakthroughs and avenues for enhancement within this pivotal research realm.展开更多
Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identificati...Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identification of A.gaumeri was performed using the rbcL region,confirming its belonging to the Acalypha genus.Its genetic diversity was evaluated using 10 SPAR markers(ISSR and DAMD)from 60 individuals collected from female and male plants of the Kiuic,Tinum and Yaxcaba ex-situ populations.The results showed a high level of genetic polymorphism(PIC=0.980)and significant differences among the populations.Ethanol and aqueous extracts from leaves,stems,and roots of both genders and three populations were evaluated against three phytopathogenic fungi.Only the ethanol extracts of the roots showed inhibitory antifungal activity,whereas Kiuic and Tinum,both male and female individuals,showed inhibitory effects at 1000μg/mL against the three pathogens.The ethanol extract of the female flowering plant of Kiuic showed activity at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 250μg/mL against Alternaria chrysanthemi CICY004 and 500μg/mL against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides CICY002 and Penicillium oxalicum ITC25.Chromatographic profile of the ethanol extracts confirmed the presence of alkaloidal components in the ex-situ cultivated plants,which were analyzed by HPLC.The results revealed that the peaks at T_(R) of 7.60,7.88,and 8.49 min were the most abundant components(9.95%-21.93%),with differences between female and male plants of the three populations.This research confirms that A.gaumeri cultivated and genetically characterized is a potential raw material to develop an eco-friendly product for the control of fungal diseases in crops.展开更多
Ruscogenin,a steroidal sapogenin,is primarily derived from the genus Ruscus.It demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological actions that hold substantial promise for therapeutic use.By conducting a comprehensive exami...Ruscogenin,a steroidal sapogenin,is primarily derived from the genus Ruscus.It demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological actions that hold substantial promise for therapeutic use.By conducting a comprehensive examination of electronic databases including PubMed,ScienceDirect,and SciFinder,we identified studies on ruscogenin to date.This review aims at emphasizing the findings related to the bioactivities of ruscogenin,particularly its protective activities in neurological and inflammatory disorders,hemorrhoids,and cancer.Ruscogenin has been demonstrated to possess anti-ulcer,anti-osteoporotic,and skin-lightening properties as a therapeutic agent.It has also been proven effective in managing metabolic disorders by reducing inflammation and improving lipid metabolism,particularly in conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetic nephropathy.Reports indicate that it can prevent acute lung injury by protecting pulmonary endothelial cells from apoptosis and modulating inflammatory cytokines.Additionally,ruscogenin promotes neurological recovery by mitigating oxidative stress.It also shows anti-cancer properties,leading to apoptosis and hindering metastasis,particularly in pancreatic and hepatocellular carcinoma.This review summarizes the potential medical applications of ruscogenin and underscores the need for further research on its mechanisms of action.展开更多
This study demonstrates a novel integration of large language models,machine learning,and multicriteria decision-making to investigate self-moderation in small online communities,a topic under-explored compared to use...This study demonstrates a novel integration of large language models,machine learning,and multicriteria decision-making to investigate self-moderation in small online communities,a topic under-explored compared to user behavior and platform-driven moderation on social media.The proposed methodological framework(1)utilizes large language models for social media post analysis and categorization,(2)employs k-means clustering for content characterization,and(3)incorporates the TODIM(Tomada de Decisão Interativa Multicritério)method to determine moderation strategies based on expert judgments.In general,the fully integrated framework leverages the strengths of these intelligent systems in a more systematic evaluation of large-scale decision problems.When applied in social media moderation,this approach promotes nuanced and context-sensitive self-moderation by taking into account factors such as cultural background and geographic location.The application of this framework is demonstrated within Facebook groups.Eight distinct content clusters encompassing safety,harassment,diversity,and misinformation are identified.Analysis revealed a preference for content removal across all clusters,suggesting a cautious approach towards potentially harmful content.However,the framework also highlights the use of other moderation actions,like account suspension,depending on the content category.These findings contribute to the growing body of research on self-moderation and offer valuable insights for creating safer and more inclusive online spaces within smaller communities.展开更多
Psoriasis is a hereditary,autoimmune,chronic illness that influences the immune system and can have both cutaneous and systemic symptoms.It can seriously impair a patient’s quality of life.Psoriasis affects 2.3 perce...Psoriasis is a hereditary,autoimmune,chronic illness that influences the immune system and can have both cutaneous and systemic symptoms.It can seriously impair a patient’s quality of life.Psoriasis affects 2.3 percent of people globally and has a significant financial cost for those who suffer from it.Genes and environmental factors are the primary etiological factors.Dendritic cells,T cells,human neutrophilic peptides,lipoprotein-2,galactosin-3,fractalkine,vaspin,and familial predispositions,among other factors,are characteristics of the pathophysiology of psoriasis.Conventional psoriasis treatments for patients include corticosteroids,biological agents,vitamin D3 analogs,acitretin,calcineurin inhibitors,cyclosporine,methotrexate,and phototherapy.Growing in popularity as a multidisciplinary field of study,nano dermatology is being used to treat psoriasis.Over the years,major advancements have been made in understanding its complex pathogenesis and developing more effective,targeted treatments.Medication delivery methods utilizing nanocarriers demonstrate promise in treating psoriasis because they improve medication penetration,reduce side effects,and provide targeted action at the afflicted areas.Because of their biological compatibility,adaptability,and capacity for carrying a variety of therapeutic substances,lipid-based and polymer-based nanocarriers have demonstrated exceptional promise among them.This article summarizes the pathogenesis,epidemiology,clinical diagnosis,and conventional psoriasis treatments.Furthermore,the review includes an overview of various nanotechnology-based psoriasis treatments.展开更多
BACKGROUND Post-transplant tertiary hyperparathyroidism(PT-tHPT)is a well-recognized complication following kidney transplantation,characterized by persistent excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone(PTH)despite imp...BACKGROUND Post-transplant tertiary hyperparathyroidism(PT-tHPT)is a well-recognized complication following kidney transplantation,characterized by persistent excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone(PTH)despite improved renal function.It is potentially associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events,renal osteodystrophy,pathologic fractures,graft loss,and mortality.AIM To evaluate the incidence,risk factors,and outcomes of PT-tHPT amongst kidney transplant recipients.METHODS A total of 887 transplant recipients who underwent transplantation between 2000 and 2020 were evaluated.Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the predictors of tertiary hyperparathyroidism.Graft and recipient outcomes were assessed using multivariable Cox regression.A separate multivariable Cox regression was performed to determine the effect of treatment strategies on outcomes.RESULTS PT-tHPT,defined as elevated PTH(>65 ng/L)and persistent hypercalcemia(>2.60 mmol/L),was diagnosed in 14%of recipients.Risk factors for PT-tHPT included older age[odds ratio(OR)=1.36,P<0.001],Asian ethnicity(OR=0.33,P=0.006),total ischemia time(OR=1.03,P=0.048 per hour),pre-transplant serum calcium(OR=1.38,P<0.001)per decile increase,pre-transplant PTH level(OR=1.31,P<0.001)per decile increase,longer dialysis duration(OR=1.12,P=0.002)per year,history of acute rejection(OR=2.37,P=0.012),and slope of estimated glomerular filtration rate change(OR=0.91,P=0.001).There were a 3.4-fold higher risk of death-censored graft loss and a 1.9-fold greater risk of recipient death with PT-tHPT.The three treatment strategies of conservative management,calcimimetic and parathyroidectomy did not significantly change the graft or patient outcome.CONCLUSION Pretransplant elevated calcium and PTH levels,older age and dialysis duration are associated with PT-tHPT.While PT-tHPT significantly affects graft and recipient survival,the treatment strategies did not affect survival.展开更多
BACKGROUND The use of induction immunosuppression agents has improved kidney transplant outcomes,but selecting the optimal agent remains a point of debate.AIM To compare the long-term outcomes of kidney transplant rec...BACKGROUND The use of induction immunosuppression agents has improved kidney transplant outcomes,but selecting the optimal agent remains a point of debate.AIM To compare the long-term outcomes of kidney transplant recipients receiving alemtuzumab vs basiliximab induction,focusing on graft function,acute rejection,infection,malignancy,post-transplant glomerulonephritis,and survival,using a propensity score matched cohort design.METHODS Kidney transplant recipients who received alemtuzumab or basiliximab induction from 2014 to 2019 across two nephrology centres in Northwest England were evaluated.Propensity score matching at a 1:1.5 ratio ensured comparability between cohorts.Baseline characteristics,immunosuppression regimens,and outcomes were analyzed.Linear,binary logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression models.RESULTS A total of 436 recipients were included,with a median follow-up of 5.2 years.The matched cohort(n=262)had a mean age of 51.1±13.5 years;39%were female and 92%were white.There was no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of acute rejection[odds ratio(OR)=2.10;95%CI:0.9-4.9;P=0.110].Compared with basiliximab,alemtuzumab was associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate at 12 months(-6.6 mL/minute/1.73 m2;95%CI:-10.5 to-2.7;P<0.001)and higher risks of cytomegalovirus viremia(OR=3.2;95%CI:1.6-6.5;P<0.001),BK viremia(OR=2.4;95%CI:1.1-5.5;P=0.02),post-transplant malignancy(OR=6.2;95%CI:1.6-29.9;P=0.013),and death-censored graft loss(hazard ratio=3.6;95%CI:1.2-11.4;P=0.03).No significant differences were observed in post-transplant glomerulonephritis or recipient mortality.CONCLUSION In this propensity score-matched analysis,alemtuzumab induction was associated with lower graft function at 12 months and higher risks of viral infection,post-transplant malignancy,and graft loss compared with basiliximab.These findings highlight the need for further studies to confirm the long-term safety and effectiveness of alemtuzumab in kidney transplantation.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effect of pentagonal conjunctival autograft on reducing graft retraction following pterygium surgery.METHODS:This retrospective comparative study included patients who underwent primary pterygiu...AIM:To investigate the effect of pentagonal conjunctival autograft on reducing graft retraction following pterygium surgery.METHODS:This retrospective comparative study included patients who underwent primary pterygium excision with either pentagonal(created by shaping the junction with the recipient conjunctiva into a wedge)or quadrangular conjunctival autograft transplantation.All patients completed a 6mo postoperative follow-up.The primary outcome measure was the incidence of graft retraction;secondary outcomes included graft displacement requiring re-suturing and pterygium recurrence rate.RESULTS:The study enrolled 58 participants,comprising 26(15 males,11 females)in the pentagonal graft group(mean age:54.9±13.1y),and 32(17 males,15 females)in the quadrangular graft group(mean age:57.6±10.4y).Graft retraction occurred in only 1 eye(3.8%)in the pentagonal autograft group,compared to 9 eyes(28.1%)in the quadrangular autograft group.No cases of graft displacement requiring re-suturing were reported in the pentagonal autograft group.Although graft displacement and recurrence requiring re-suturing were observed less frequently in surgeries with a pentagonal graft,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Designing the conjunctival autograft in a pentagonal shape—mimicking geodesic dome architecture and conforming to the eye’s spherical structure—enhances compatibility with the recipient conjunctiva and improves resistance to physical traction forces.This design effectively reduces the incidence of graft retraction and other related complications,providing a more favorable surgical option for pterygium treatment.展开更多
Skeletal muscle health and function are essential determinants of metabolic health,physical performance,and overall quality of life.The quality of skeletal muscle is heavily dependent on the complex mitochondrial reti...Skeletal muscle health and function are essential determinants of metabolic health,physical performance,and overall quality of life.The quality of skeletal muscle is heavily dependent on the complex mitochondrial reticulum that contributes toward its unique adaptability.It is now recognized that mitochondrial perturbations can activate various innate immune pathways,such as the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome complex by propagating inflammatory signaling in response to damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs).The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex and is a prominent regulator of innate immunity and cell death by mediating the activation of caspase-1,pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1βand interleukin-18 and pro-pyroptotic protein gasdermin-D.While several studies have begun to demonstrate the relationship between various mitochondrial DAMPs(mtDAMPs)and NLRP3 inflammasome activation,the influence of various metabolic states on the production of these DAMPs and subsequent inflammatory profile remains poorly understood.This narrative review aimed to address this by highlighting the effects of skeletal muscle use and disuse on mitochondrial quality mechanisms including mitochondrial biogenesis,fusion,fission and mitophagy.Secondly,this review summarized the impact of alterations in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms following muscle denervation,aging,and exercise training in relation to NLRP3 inflammasome activation.By consolidating the current body of literature,this work aimed to further the understanding of innate immune signaling within skeletal muscle,which can highlight areas for future research and therapeutic strategies to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation during divergent metabolic conditions.展开更多
Background:A significant challenge regarding notable historical figures is determining the accuracy of the words and actions attributed to them with the limited available evidence,when their biographers have presented...Background:A significant challenge regarding notable historical figures is determining the accuracy of the words and actions attributed to them with the limited available evidence,when their biographers have presented a biased life assessment.Lauded as a founding suffragette,the first female school principal,and the first white female practicing physician in Canada,Dr.Emily Stowe did not help historians.She destroyed her records,leaving her life story to be told by her daughter,who portrayed her as a heroine–a view that has persisted since the start of the 20th century.To improve the accuracy of assessing the life of Emily Stowe,as much information as possible about Stowe must be collected and interpreted.Methods:Presented is a narrative research method for analyzing historical figures that examines 22 life-changing events in the life of Stowe by answering six types of questions about each event:when,where,who,what,how,and why.Results:This narrative research,representing a psychoanalytic research process,finds that much of the repeated story of Stowe is either exaggerated or likely false.Conclusion:Following the example of Emily Stowe,this unique method is applicable for improving the historical accuracy in assessing the lives of other notable figures.It represents a method extendable to those currently alive,outside the public eye,searching to develop their own narrative.展开更多
文摘Original statement in the Section 2:2.Literature search Our primary screening of 180 articles yielded the relevant data for this study.2.1.Study selection A total of 180 articles spanning from 1960 to the present day,including original research,reviews,case reports and studies reporting nitrosamine impurities above the no-observed-adverse-effect levels(NOAEL)established by regulatory agencies,were initially screened.During the primary screening,we considered factors such as relevance,publication date,access to the full article text,and content.
文摘A study was carried out in Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Campus Aurangabad, Maharashtra State, India for analyzing the prevalence of Muscardine disease during rainy, winter and summer season in bivoltine x bivoltine hybrids viz. CSR2 × CSR4, CSR4 × CSR2 and multi × bivoltine hybrid PM × CSR2. Observation on Muscardine disease was recorded till the onset of spinning. Analysis of results shows that disease prevalence was more in bivoltine x bivoltine hybrids compare to multi × bivoltine hybrids. PM × CSR2 was found to be more resistant towards Muscardine disease compared to other hybrids under agro-climatic conditions of Aurangabad.
文摘Curry leaves, scientifically termed Murraya koenigii, are renowned in South Asian cuisine for their flavor enhancement and potential health benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of thermal processing methods on curry leaves by analysing Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and metabolizing enzyme inhibition. Fresh curry leaves were subjected to thermal treatments: Oven-dried at 60˚C and Air-dried at 25˚C for 2 weeks. Extracts were prepared using Ethanol and water solvents. Results indicated that Air-dried leaves exhibited significantly higher TPC (5132.65 mg GAE/100 g) and TFC (243.13 mg CE/100 g) compared to Fresh and Oven-dried leaves. Antioxidant assays show that oven-dried curry leaves at 60˚C displayed higher results in NORS, FRAP, and TEAC assays compared to Fresh and Air-dried leaves. Ethanol extracts showed better extraction of bioactive compounds than aqueous extracts. Moreover, Lipase inhibition activity was notably high, indicating potential health benefits. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of processing methods on curry leaf extracts, emphasizing the importance of solvent selection for optimal extraction of bioactive compounds.
文摘Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of the central nervous system (DLBCL CNS) represent less than 1% of all lymphomas and between 2% and 3% of all cerebral tumors. They occur in adults of 60 years of age or more. The objective of this work is to describe the clinical-pathological characteristics, the immunophenotype and the differential diagnosis. Clinical Case: From the files of the surgical pathology unit we found four cases of primary diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the central nervous system in a 6-year period. Three corresponded to women over 47 years of age and the other to a 42-year-old man. The time of evolution was between 2 and 4 months. The symptoms were headache, blurred vision, hemiparesis, and seizures. Localization was in the pineal region, the frontal, parietal regions, and the right thalamus. Morphologically, large lymphoid cells with a diffuse growth pattern and necrosis were observed. Immunohistochemical markers, such as CD 20 and bcl2 were positive, one was positive to CD3. Expression of bcl6 and CD 10 was positive in one case, and MUM-1 was positive in three cases. All the cases were negative for Epstein-Barr virus. Conclusions: The diffuse large-B cell lymphoma of the central nervous system is rare. Its average age of presentation is at 60 years or older. The localization is in the pineal, frontal, parietal and thalamic regions. Three cases were originated by activated B lymphocyte (MUM-1 expression) and other from the Germinal Center (GC) (CD 10 expression). The clinical course was bad. The four patients died shortly after the diagnosis.
文摘There are several reports on the utilisation of Moringa oleifera in poultry diets due to its essential bioactive compounds yet,little is known about its influence on Japanese quail eggs and meat qualities.Hence,the need to examine performance,eggs and meat qualities of Japanese quail hens fed M.oleifera leaf.To achieve this,240 Japanese quail chicks were allocated to three dietary treatments:D1:control,0.0%(without M.oleifera leaf meal),D2:(0.5%M.oleifera leaf meal)and D3:(1%M.oleifera leaf meal).Data on performance,carcass,organs,eggs and meat qualities were collected and subjected to ANOVA at 0.05.Results revealed that feed consumption was lowest(2,701g)in D1 and highest(2,800g)in D2,carcass weight varied from 100-100.67g,thigh weight(12.66-13.58g)and breast weight was highest(40.41g)in D3.Liver weight was lowest(3.25g)in D1,kidney was largest(0.91g)in D3 whereas,the heart,gizzard and spleen weights ranged from 1.00-1.16g,3.08-3.50g and 0.04-0.08g,respectively.In the eggs,crude protein(10.94%),crude fat(6.71%),ash(1.36%),high-density lipoprotein(96.12mg/100g)and low-density lipoprotein(120.67mg/100g)were highest in D1.Total cholesterol(364.08mg/100g)and triglycerides(147.27mg/100g)were least in D1 and the caloric value varied from 1.46-1.47kcal/g.In the meat,crude protein(17.14%)and energy value(1.96kcal/g)were best in D2 but,crude fat(12.62%),ash(2.85%)and carbohydrates(1.31%)were superior in D3.In both eggs and meat,no crude fibre(0.0%)was detected.In any case,all the parameter values were within the normal ranges given in healthy Japanese quails at similar age.Consequently,addition of M.oleifera leaf meal at 1.0%to Japanese quail diets might not depress performance,affect carcass quality,cause organs dysfunctions but may improve nutritional quality of the eggs and meat.
基金Foundation item: The NSF (10271053) of China and the Doctoral Programme Foundation of Ministry of Education of China.
文摘In this paper, we discuss the problem concerning global and local structure of solutions of an operator equation posed by M. S. Berger. Let f : U (?)E→ F be a C1 map, where E and F are Banach spaces and U is open in E. We show that the solution set of the equation f(x)=y for a fixed generalized regular value y of f is represented as a union of disjoint connected C1 Banach submanifolds of U, each of which has a dimension and its tangent space is given. In particular, a characterization of the isolated solutions of the equation f(x) = y is obtained.
基金supported by an NIH grant R01 DE031413 (M.V.B.)。
文摘Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJ-OA) affects a significant proportion of the population worldwide.However,there has been no substantial progress in the development of FDA-approved drugs for treatment due to a lack of understanding of the specific factors regulating key TMJ-OA molecular mechanisms.Lysyl Oxidase-Like-2(LOXL2) promotes knee joint cartilage protection and is down regulated in a TMJ-OA animal model.We evaluated the role of LOXL2 in TMJ cartilage,its molecular mechanism,and gene networks using in vivo Loxl2 knockout mice(Acan-Cre;Loxl2^(flox/flox)) and ex vivo goat TMJ cartilage.Our results show that Loxl2 knockout in mouse cartilage upregulates Il1b,Mmp9,Mmp13,Adamts4,and Adamts5,but reduces the levels of aggrecan and proteoglycan.Loxl2 deleted TMJ cartilage show a higher enrichment of inflammatory response,TNFA signaling via NF-κB,extracellular matrix(ECM),and collagen degradation pathway network.Conversely,LOXL2 treatment reduces interleukin-1beta(IL-1β)-induced expression of Mmp13,protects mitochondrial function,and ECM from degeneration.Importantly,LOXL2attenuates IL-1 β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis via the phosphorylation of NF-κB and expression of the pain-related gene PTGS2(encodes COX2).Taken together,Loxl2 knockout mice exacerbate TMJ-OA through cartilage/ECM degradation,mitochondrial dysfunction,chondrocyte apoptosis,and inflammatory gene expression,whereas LOXL2 treatment mitigate these effects.
基金funded by the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftungsupported by DFG (SCH W534/6-1 to SWS)
文摘The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a plastic structure that displays modifications at different levels in response to positive stimuli as well as to negative conditions such as brain damage.The latter involves global alterations,making understanding plastic responses triggered by local damage difficult.One key feature of the dentate gyrus is that it contains a well-defined neurogenic niche,the subgranular zone,and beyond neurogenesis,newly born granule cells may maintain a“young”phenotype throughout life,adding to the plastic nature of the structure.Here,we present a novel experimental model of local brain damage in organotypic entorhino-hippocampal cultures that results in the activation of adjacent newly born granule cells.A small piece of filter paper was placed on the surface of the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus,which evoked a foreign body reaction of astrocytes,along with the activation of local young neurons expressing doublecortin.Forty-eight hours after foreign body placement,the number of doublecortin-immunoreactive cells increased in the subgranular zone in the direct vicinity of the foreign body,whereas overall increased doublecortin immunoreactivity was observed in the granule cell layer and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus.Foreign body placement in the pyramidal layer of the CA1 region evoked a comparable local astroglial reaction but did not lead to an increase in doublecortin-immunoreactive in either the CA1 region or the adjacent dentate gyrus.Seven days after foreign body placement in the dentate gyrus,the increase in doublecortin-immunoreactivity was no longer observed,indicating the transient activation of young cells.However,7 days after foreign body placement,the number of doublecortin-immunoreactive granule cells coimmunoreactive for calbindin was lower than that under the control conditions.As calbindin is a marker for mature granule cells,this result suggests that activated young cells remain at a more immature stage following foreign body placement.Live imaging of retrovirally green fluorescent protein-labeled newly born granule cells revealed the orientation and growth of their dendrites toward the foreign body placement.This novel experimental model of foreign body placement in organotypic entorhino-hippocampal cultures could serve as a valuable tool for studying both glial reactivity and neuronal plasticity,specifically of newly born neurons under controlled in vitro conditions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22350410386,W2412116,22375200,U22A202175,21961142006)。
文摘Exploring cost-effective and efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)poses a significant challenge,espe-cially in the pursuit of alternatives to precious metals like platinum.Significant advancements have driven electrochem-ists to develop efficient ORR catalysts using abundant materials,particularly iron(Fe)-based,known for their exceptional performance in ORR.While the crucial function of Fe in boosting ORR catalytic activity is recognized,the connection between material attributes and catalytic performance remains enigmatic.Understanding the dynamic processes involved in oxygen electrocatalysis is paramount for designing precious-metals-free ORR electrocatalysts.Mössbauer spectroscopy stands out as a powerful technique for deciphering the structural characteristics of Fe species in catalysis,facilitating the identification of active sites and the clarification of catalytic mechanisms.By showcasing noteworthy case studies within this review,we demonstrate the application of in-situ/operando 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy across diverse Fe-involved materials in ORR catalysis.This sheds light on various aspects of ORR catalysis,such as identifying active sites,assessing stability,and understanding the reaction mechanism.Our inquiry drives towards the opportunities and hurdles associ-ated with Mössbauer spectroscopy,unveiling potential breakthroughs and avenues for enhancement within this pivotal research realm.
基金supported by the SECIHTI project PDCPN-2015-266,México.
文摘Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identification of A.gaumeri was performed using the rbcL region,confirming its belonging to the Acalypha genus.Its genetic diversity was evaluated using 10 SPAR markers(ISSR and DAMD)from 60 individuals collected from female and male plants of the Kiuic,Tinum and Yaxcaba ex-situ populations.The results showed a high level of genetic polymorphism(PIC=0.980)and significant differences among the populations.Ethanol and aqueous extracts from leaves,stems,and roots of both genders and three populations were evaluated against three phytopathogenic fungi.Only the ethanol extracts of the roots showed inhibitory antifungal activity,whereas Kiuic and Tinum,both male and female individuals,showed inhibitory effects at 1000μg/mL against the three pathogens.The ethanol extract of the female flowering plant of Kiuic showed activity at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 250μg/mL against Alternaria chrysanthemi CICY004 and 500μg/mL against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides CICY002 and Penicillium oxalicum ITC25.Chromatographic profile of the ethanol extracts confirmed the presence of alkaloidal components in the ex-situ cultivated plants,which were analyzed by HPLC.The results revealed that the peaks at T_(R) of 7.60,7.88,and 8.49 min were the most abundant components(9.95%-21.93%),with differences between female and male plants of the three populations.This research confirms that A.gaumeri cultivated and genetically characterized is a potential raw material to develop an eco-friendly product for the control of fungal diseases in crops.
文摘Ruscogenin,a steroidal sapogenin,is primarily derived from the genus Ruscus.It demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological actions that hold substantial promise for therapeutic use.By conducting a comprehensive examination of electronic databases including PubMed,ScienceDirect,and SciFinder,we identified studies on ruscogenin to date.This review aims at emphasizing the findings related to the bioactivities of ruscogenin,particularly its protective activities in neurological and inflammatory disorders,hemorrhoids,and cancer.Ruscogenin has been demonstrated to possess anti-ulcer,anti-osteoporotic,and skin-lightening properties as a therapeutic agent.It has also been proven effective in managing metabolic disorders by reducing inflammation and improving lipid metabolism,particularly in conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetic nephropathy.Reports indicate that it can prevent acute lung injury by protecting pulmonary endothelial cells from apoptosis and modulating inflammatory cytokines.Additionally,ruscogenin promotes neurological recovery by mitigating oxidative stress.It also shows anti-cancer properties,leading to apoptosis and hindering metastasis,particularly in pancreatic and hepatocellular carcinoma.This review summarizes the potential medical applications of ruscogenin and underscores the need for further research on its mechanisms of action.
基金funded by the Office of the Vice-President for Research and Development of Cebu Technological University.
文摘This study demonstrates a novel integration of large language models,machine learning,and multicriteria decision-making to investigate self-moderation in small online communities,a topic under-explored compared to user behavior and platform-driven moderation on social media.The proposed methodological framework(1)utilizes large language models for social media post analysis and categorization,(2)employs k-means clustering for content characterization,and(3)incorporates the TODIM(Tomada de Decisão Interativa Multicritério)method to determine moderation strategies based on expert judgments.In general,the fully integrated framework leverages the strengths of these intelligent systems in a more systematic evaluation of large-scale decision problems.When applied in social media moderation,this approach promotes nuanced and context-sensitive self-moderation by taking into account factors such as cultural background and geographic location.The application of this framework is demonstrated within Facebook groups.Eight distinct content clusters encompassing safety,harassment,diversity,and misinformation are identified.Analysis revealed a preference for content removal across all clusters,suggesting a cautious approach towards potentially harmful content.However,the framework also highlights the use of other moderation actions,like account suspension,depending on the content category.These findings contribute to the growing body of research on self-moderation and offer valuable insights for creating safer and more inclusive online spaces within smaller communities.
文摘Psoriasis is a hereditary,autoimmune,chronic illness that influences the immune system and can have both cutaneous and systemic symptoms.It can seriously impair a patient’s quality of life.Psoriasis affects 2.3 percent of people globally and has a significant financial cost for those who suffer from it.Genes and environmental factors are the primary etiological factors.Dendritic cells,T cells,human neutrophilic peptides,lipoprotein-2,galactosin-3,fractalkine,vaspin,and familial predispositions,among other factors,are characteristics of the pathophysiology of psoriasis.Conventional psoriasis treatments for patients include corticosteroids,biological agents,vitamin D3 analogs,acitretin,calcineurin inhibitors,cyclosporine,methotrexate,and phototherapy.Growing in popularity as a multidisciplinary field of study,nano dermatology is being used to treat psoriasis.Over the years,major advancements have been made in understanding its complex pathogenesis and developing more effective,targeted treatments.Medication delivery methods utilizing nanocarriers demonstrate promise in treating psoriasis because they improve medication penetration,reduce side effects,and provide targeted action at the afflicted areas.Because of their biological compatibility,adaptability,and capacity for carrying a variety of therapeutic substances,lipid-based and polymer-based nanocarriers have demonstrated exceptional promise among them.This article summarizes the pathogenesis,epidemiology,clinical diagnosis,and conventional psoriasis treatments.Furthermore,the review includes an overview of various nanotechnology-based psoriasis treatments.
文摘BACKGROUND Post-transplant tertiary hyperparathyroidism(PT-tHPT)is a well-recognized complication following kidney transplantation,characterized by persistent excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone(PTH)despite improved renal function.It is potentially associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events,renal osteodystrophy,pathologic fractures,graft loss,and mortality.AIM To evaluate the incidence,risk factors,and outcomes of PT-tHPT amongst kidney transplant recipients.METHODS A total of 887 transplant recipients who underwent transplantation between 2000 and 2020 were evaluated.Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the predictors of tertiary hyperparathyroidism.Graft and recipient outcomes were assessed using multivariable Cox regression.A separate multivariable Cox regression was performed to determine the effect of treatment strategies on outcomes.RESULTS PT-tHPT,defined as elevated PTH(>65 ng/L)and persistent hypercalcemia(>2.60 mmol/L),was diagnosed in 14%of recipients.Risk factors for PT-tHPT included older age[odds ratio(OR)=1.36,P<0.001],Asian ethnicity(OR=0.33,P=0.006),total ischemia time(OR=1.03,P=0.048 per hour),pre-transplant serum calcium(OR=1.38,P<0.001)per decile increase,pre-transplant PTH level(OR=1.31,P<0.001)per decile increase,longer dialysis duration(OR=1.12,P=0.002)per year,history of acute rejection(OR=2.37,P=0.012),and slope of estimated glomerular filtration rate change(OR=0.91,P=0.001).There were a 3.4-fold higher risk of death-censored graft loss and a 1.9-fold greater risk of recipient death with PT-tHPT.The three treatment strategies of conservative management,calcimimetic and parathyroidectomy did not significantly change the graft or patient outcome.CONCLUSION Pretransplant elevated calcium and PTH levels,older age and dialysis duration are associated with PT-tHPT.While PT-tHPT significantly affects graft and recipient survival,the treatment strategies did not affect survival.
文摘BACKGROUND The use of induction immunosuppression agents has improved kidney transplant outcomes,but selecting the optimal agent remains a point of debate.AIM To compare the long-term outcomes of kidney transplant recipients receiving alemtuzumab vs basiliximab induction,focusing on graft function,acute rejection,infection,malignancy,post-transplant glomerulonephritis,and survival,using a propensity score matched cohort design.METHODS Kidney transplant recipients who received alemtuzumab or basiliximab induction from 2014 to 2019 across two nephrology centres in Northwest England were evaluated.Propensity score matching at a 1:1.5 ratio ensured comparability between cohorts.Baseline characteristics,immunosuppression regimens,and outcomes were analyzed.Linear,binary logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression models.RESULTS A total of 436 recipients were included,with a median follow-up of 5.2 years.The matched cohort(n=262)had a mean age of 51.1±13.5 years;39%were female and 92%were white.There was no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of acute rejection[odds ratio(OR)=2.10;95%CI:0.9-4.9;P=0.110].Compared with basiliximab,alemtuzumab was associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate at 12 months(-6.6 mL/minute/1.73 m2;95%CI:-10.5 to-2.7;P<0.001)and higher risks of cytomegalovirus viremia(OR=3.2;95%CI:1.6-6.5;P<0.001),BK viremia(OR=2.4;95%CI:1.1-5.5;P=0.02),post-transplant malignancy(OR=6.2;95%CI:1.6-29.9;P=0.013),and death-censored graft loss(hazard ratio=3.6;95%CI:1.2-11.4;P=0.03).No significant differences were observed in post-transplant glomerulonephritis or recipient mortality.CONCLUSION In this propensity score-matched analysis,alemtuzumab induction was associated with lower graft function at 12 months and higher risks of viral infection,post-transplant malignancy,and graft loss compared with basiliximab.These findings highlight the need for further studies to confirm the long-term safety and effectiveness of alemtuzumab in kidney transplantation.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of pentagonal conjunctival autograft on reducing graft retraction following pterygium surgery.METHODS:This retrospective comparative study included patients who underwent primary pterygium excision with either pentagonal(created by shaping the junction with the recipient conjunctiva into a wedge)or quadrangular conjunctival autograft transplantation.All patients completed a 6mo postoperative follow-up.The primary outcome measure was the incidence of graft retraction;secondary outcomes included graft displacement requiring re-suturing and pterygium recurrence rate.RESULTS:The study enrolled 58 participants,comprising 26(15 males,11 females)in the pentagonal graft group(mean age:54.9±13.1y),and 32(17 males,15 females)in the quadrangular graft group(mean age:57.6±10.4y).Graft retraction occurred in only 1 eye(3.8%)in the pentagonal autograft group,compared to 9 eyes(28.1%)in the quadrangular autograft group.No cases of graft displacement requiring re-suturing were reported in the pentagonal autograft group.Although graft displacement and recurrence requiring re-suturing were observed less frequently in surgeries with a pentagonal graft,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Designing the conjunctival autograft in a pentagonal shape—mimicking geodesic dome architecture and conforming to the eye’s spherical structure—enhances compatibility with the recipient conjunctiva and improves resistance to physical traction forces.This design effectively reduces the incidence of graft retraction and other related complications,providing a more favorable surgical option for pterygium treatment.
文摘Skeletal muscle health and function are essential determinants of metabolic health,physical performance,and overall quality of life.The quality of skeletal muscle is heavily dependent on the complex mitochondrial reticulum that contributes toward its unique adaptability.It is now recognized that mitochondrial perturbations can activate various innate immune pathways,such as the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome complex by propagating inflammatory signaling in response to damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs).The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex and is a prominent regulator of innate immunity and cell death by mediating the activation of caspase-1,pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1βand interleukin-18 and pro-pyroptotic protein gasdermin-D.While several studies have begun to demonstrate the relationship between various mitochondrial DAMPs(mtDAMPs)and NLRP3 inflammasome activation,the influence of various metabolic states on the production of these DAMPs and subsequent inflammatory profile remains poorly understood.This narrative review aimed to address this by highlighting the effects of skeletal muscle use and disuse on mitochondrial quality mechanisms including mitochondrial biogenesis,fusion,fission and mitophagy.Secondly,this review summarized the impact of alterations in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms following muscle denervation,aging,and exercise training in relation to NLRP3 inflammasome activation.By consolidating the current body of literature,this work aimed to further the understanding of innate immune signaling within skeletal muscle,which can highlight areas for future research and therapeutic strategies to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation during divergent metabolic conditions.
文摘Background:A significant challenge regarding notable historical figures is determining the accuracy of the words and actions attributed to them with the limited available evidence,when their biographers have presented a biased life assessment.Lauded as a founding suffragette,the first female school principal,and the first white female practicing physician in Canada,Dr.Emily Stowe did not help historians.She destroyed her records,leaving her life story to be told by her daughter,who portrayed her as a heroine–a view that has persisted since the start of the 20th century.To improve the accuracy of assessing the life of Emily Stowe,as much information as possible about Stowe must be collected and interpreted.Methods:Presented is a narrative research method for analyzing historical figures that examines 22 life-changing events in the life of Stowe by answering six types of questions about each event:when,where,who,what,how,and why.Results:This narrative research,representing a psychoanalytic research process,finds that much of the repeated story of Stowe is either exaggerated or likely false.Conclusion:Following the example of Emily Stowe,this unique method is applicable for improving the historical accuracy in assessing the lives of other notable figures.It represents a method extendable to those currently alive,outside the public eye,searching to develop their own narrative.
