AIM: To conduct a Meta-analysis pooling randomized controlled trials(RCTs) to compare hydrophobic with hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses in terms of posterior capsule opacification(PCO) development.METHODS: Elect...AIM: To conduct a Meta-analysis pooling randomized controlled trials(RCTs) to compare hydrophobic with hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses in terms of posterior capsule opacification(PCO) development.METHODS: Electronic databases including PubMed,Embase, and the Cochrane Library were queried from their starting till January 2020. RCTs investigating the impact of hydrophobic versus hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses on PCO were considered eligible in this study. The pooled effect estimates were calculated using the random-effects model.RESULTS: Thirteen RCTs comprising of 939 patients(1263 eyes) were covered in this study. Patients with hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses had a lower PCO score than those with a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses [standard mean difference:-1.80;95% confidence interval(CI):-2.62 to-0.98;P<0.001]. Moreover, the frequency of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)capsulotomy in patients with hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses was significantly lower than patients with hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses(relative risk: 0.38;95%CI: 0.20-0.71;P=0.003).CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses are superior to hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses in patients after cataract surgery due to lower PCO score and reduced Nd:YAG capsulotomy. While similar studies are conducted by other researchers, the present study conducted subgroup analyses that show superior results with hydrophobic lenses in trials conducted in western countries.展开更多
·AIM:To evaluate the distance vision of Chinese patients with cataracts and corneal astigmatism after implantation of bilateral AcrySof toric intraocular lens (IOL) versus bilateral AcrySof spherical IOL.·ME...·AIM:To evaluate the distance vision of Chinese patients with cataracts and corneal astigmatism after implantation of bilateral AcrySof toric intraocular lens (IOL) versus bilateral AcrySof spherical IOL.·METHODS:This study randomized 60 patients into equal groups to receive toric IOL or spherical IOL.IOL powers targeting emmetropia were selected for 93% of toric IOL patients and for 90% of spherical IOL patients.Assessments included monocular and binocular distance vision,with and without best correction.Patients also completed surveys about their distance vision.·RESULTS:Preoperatively,the two study groups were similar in age,in distance visual acuity,and in the magnitude of corneal astigmatism.At 6 months postoperative,binocular uncorrected distance vision was 0.06?à0.14 logMAR in the AcrySof toric IOL group,significantly better than the 0.14?à0.11 logMAR in the spherical IOL group (P<0.05).For eyes with emmetropia as a target,the equivalent of 20/20 uncorrected vision was more likely (P<0.001) in the toric IOL group (36% of eyes) than in the spherical IOL group (4% of eyes).No patients in the emmetropia/toric IOL group used distance glasses,as compared to 52% of patients in the emmetropia/spherical IOL group.All patients were satisfied or highly satisfied.Quality of distance vision was rated higher by toric IOL patients than by spherical IOL patients (P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:Bilateral AcrySof toric IOL is superior to bilateral spherical IOL in providing uncorrected distance vision to cataract patients with corneal astigmatism.·展开更多
AIM: To explore the effects of IκBα SUMOylation and NF-κB p65 deacetylation on NF-κB p65 activity induced by high glucose in cultured human lens epithelial cells(HLECs).METHODS: HLECs(SRA01/04) were cultured with ...AIM: To explore the effects of IκBα SUMOylation and NF-κB p65 deacetylation on NF-κB p65 activity induced by high glucose in cultured human lens epithelial cells(HLECs).METHODS: HLECs(SRA01/04) were cultured with 5.5, 25, and 50 mmol/L glucose media for 24 h, and with 50 mmol/L glucose media for 0, 12, and 24 h respectively. SUMO1 and SIRT1 expressions were detected by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot(WB). IκBα and NF-κB p65 expressions were detected by WB. With NAC, DTT, MG132 or Resveratrol(RSV) treatment, SUMO1 and SIRT1 expressions were detected by WB. Protein expression localizations were examined by immunofluorescence and co-immunofluorescence. The effects of SUMO1 or SIRT1 overexpression, as well as MG132 and RSV, on the nuclear expression and activity of IκBα and NF-κB p65 were analyzed by immunoblot and dual luciferase reporter gene assay.RESULTS: SUMO1 and SIRT1 expressions were influenced by high glucose in mRNA and protein levels, which could be blocked by NAC or DTT. SUMO1 was down-regulated by using MG132, and SIRT1 was up-regulated under RSV treatment. IκBα nuclear expression was attenuated and NF-κB p65 was opposite under high glucose, while IκBα and NF-κB p65 location was transferred to the nucleus. SUMO1 or SIRT1 overexpression and MG132 or RSV treatment affected the nuclear expression and activity of IκBα and NF-κB p65 under high glucose condition.CONCLUSION: IκBα SUMOylation and NF-κB p65 deacetylation affect NF-κB p65 activity in cultured HLECs under high glucose, and presumably play a significant role in controlling diabetic cataract.展开更多
AIM： To design and investigate the efficacy of a modified nanostructured lipid carrier loaded with genistein（Gen-NLC） to inhibit human lens epithelial cells（HLECs） proliferation.·METHODS： Gen-NLC was made b...AIM： To design and investigate the efficacy of a modified nanostructured lipid carrier loaded with genistein（Gen-NLC） to inhibit human lens epithelial cells（HLECs） proliferation.·METHODS： Gen-NLC was made by melt emulsification method. The morphology, particle size（PS）, zeta potentials（ZP）, encapsulation efficiency（EE） and in vitro release were characterized. The inhibition effect of nanostructured lipid carrier（NLC）, genistein（Gen） and Gen-NLC on HLECs proliferation was evaluated by cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） assay, gene and protein expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 were evaluated with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-q PCR） and immunofluorescence analyses.·RESULTS： The mean PS of Gen-NLC was 80.12±1.55 nm with a mean polydispersity index of 0.11±0.02. The mean ZP was-7.14 ±0.38 m V and the EE of Gen in the nanoparticles was 92.3% ±0.73%. Transmission electron microscopy showed that Gen-NLC displayed spherical-shaped particles covered by an outer-layer structure. In vitro release experiments demonstrated a prolonged drug release for 72 h. The CCK-8 assay results showed the NLC had no inhibitory effect on HLECs and Gen-NLC displayed a much more prominent inhibitory effect on cellular growth compared to Gen of the same concentration. The m RNA and protein expression of Ki67 in LECs decreased significantly in Gen-NLC group.·CONCLUSION： Sustained drug release by Gen-NLCs may impede HLEC growth.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate human lens epithelium cell apoptosis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition （EMT） induced by femtosecond laser in femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery （FLACS）. METHODS： Sixty cataract ...AIM： To evaluate human lens epithelium cell apoptosis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition （EMT） induced by femtosecond laser in femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery （FLACS）. METHODS： Sixty cataract patients with N2 to N3 stage according to the LOCS III were enrolled in this study and divided into three groups randomly： FLACSl group （cataract surgery by FLACS with LenSx）, FLACS2 group （cataract surgery by FLACS with LensAR） and manual group （cataract surgery by phacoemulsification）. Patients in two FLACS groups performed anterior capsulotomy by LenSx or LensAR laser system. Patients in the manual group were performed continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis （CCC） manually. The anterior capsules were fixed right after moved out of eye. Hematoxylin-eosine staining, immunofluorescence staining and real-time PCR were performed in order to observe human lens epithelium cells changes after cataract surgery. RESULTS： The capsule cutting edge was shown irregularity and roughness in two FLACS groups and smooth edge in manual capsulotomy by pathologic staining. Irregularities of the cell configuration with partly swollen and destroyed nuclei were observed in two FLACS groups. Femtosecond laser could induce a significantly higher cell apoptosis in human lens epithelium cell than manually performed CCC （P〈0.05）. Lens epithelium cells apoptosis were correlated with femtosecond laser duration according to Pearson correlation analysis. Decreased N-cadherin expression, alpha-SMA and FSP-1 level in two FLACS groups showed the inhibition of cell EMT. CONCLUSION： Femtosecond laser may affect the apoptosis and EMT of lens epithelium cells which are under the peeled central lens capsule.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of Msx2 on lens epithelium cell cycle, and evaluate the changes of the proliferation, apoptosis of lens epithelium cells. METHODS: Mice lens epithelium cells were cultured and transfect...AIM: To investigate the effects of Msx2 on lens epithelium cell cycle, and evaluate the changes of the proliferation, apoptosis of lens epithelium cells. METHODS: Mice lens epithelium cells were cultured and transfected with pEGFP-Msx2 and control. Msx2-deficient mice (Msx2(-/-)) lens tissue were isolated. Lens tissue and transfected cells were prepared for mRNA extraction using Trizol reagent. CyclinD1 and Prox1 expression were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. BrdU incorporation and apoptosis rate were investigated by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: After transfected with pEGFP-Msx2, lens epithelium cells failed to incorporate BrdU and anti - phospho-histone-3 immunofluorescence failed to detect cell nuclei which GFP were positive. Msx2 over expression resulted in increasing apoptosis rate in lens epithelium cells. CyclinD1 and Prox1 expression increased significantly in Msx2 knockout mice by real time RT-PCR quantization and CyclinD1 expression decreased significantly in Msx2overexpressed cell. CONCLUSION: Msx2 has the effect of inhibiting proliferation and differentiation, triggering apoptosis on mice lens epithelium cells.展开更多
AIM： To detect the expression of miR-211 in age-related cataract tissue, explore the effects of miR-211 on lens epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis, and identify its target gene.METHODS： This study used real...AIM： To detect the expression of miR-211 in age-related cataract tissue, explore the effects of miR-211 on lens epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis, and identify its target gene.METHODS： This study used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-q PCR） to measure the expression of miR-211 and its predicted target gene [silent matingtype information regulation 2 homolog 1（SIRT1）] in 46 anterior lens capsules collected from age-related cataract patients. Human lens epithelial cell line（SRA01/04） cells were transfected with either miR-211 mimics, mimic controls, miR-211 inhibitors or inhibitor controls, 72 h after transfection, miR NA and protein expression of SIRT1 were measured using RT-qP CR and Western blotting; then cells were exposed to 200 μmol/L H2O2 for 1h, whereupon cell viability was measured by MTS assay, caspase-3 assay was performed. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the relationship between miR-211 of SIRT1.RESULTS： Compared to the control group, expression of miR-211 was significantly increased（P〈0.001）, the miR NA and protein expression of SIRT1 were significantly decreased（P〈0.001） in the anterior lens capsules of patients with age-related cataracts. Relative to the control group, SIRT1 miR NA and protein levels in the miR-211 mimic group were significantly reduced, cell proliferation activity significantly decreased, and caspase-3 activity was significantly increased（P〈0.001）. In the miR-211 inhibitor group, SIRT1 miRNA and protein expression were significantly increased, cell proliferation activity significantly increased, and caspase-3 activity was significantly decreased（P〈0.001）. A dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that SIRT1 is a direct target of miR-211.CONCLUSION： miR-211 is highly expressed in the anterior lens capsules of patients with age-related cataracts. By negatively regulating the expression of SIRT1, miR-211 promotes lens epithelial cell apoptosis and inhibits lens epithelial cell proliferation.展开更多
AIM： To compare the results of 25 MHz and 50 MHz ultrasound biomicroscopy（UBM） regarding the image characteristics of the lens and its related diseases and to discuss the application value of 25 MHz UBM in ophthalm...AIM： To compare the results of 25 MHz and 50 MHz ultrasound biomicroscopy（UBM） regarding the image characteristics of the lens and its related diseases and to discuss the application value of 25 MHz UBM in ophthalmology. METHODS： A total of 302 patients（455 eyes） were included in this study from November 2014 to May 2015. Patient ages ranged from 5 to 89 y（mean±SD： 61.0±17.7 y）. Different cross-sectional images of the lens were collected to compare and analyze the image characteristics and anterior segment parameters using 25 MHz and 50 MHz UBM in axial and longitudinal scanning modes, respectively. SPSS 19.0 for Windows, paired t-tests and B＆A plot analysis were used for data analysis, and a value of P〈0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS： The 25 MHz UBM images displayed the lens shape more clearly than 50 MHz UBM images. Particularly for cataracts, the whole opacity of the lens was shown by 25 MHz UBM, but 50 MHz UBM only showed part of the lens. The means of the anterior segment parameters obtained using 25 MHz and 50 MHz UBM were as follows： central corneal thickness： 0.55±0.03 and 0.51±0.04 mm, respectively; central anterior chamber depth： 2.48±0.54 and 2.56±0.56 mm, respectively; and central lens thickness： 4.26±0.62 and 4.15±0.56 mm, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between the results obtained with 25 MHz UBM and those obtained with 50 MHz UBM. The two devices had a good agreement in measuring the anterior segment parameters. CONCLUSION： The 25 MHz UBM had an obvious advantage in showing the lens shape. It can provide reliable imaging of the lens and its related diseases and has a high application value for ophthalmology.展开更多
AIM: To study whether specific anesthetic drugs or tear layer evaporation was primarily responsible for the acute cataract and what the change of lens structure is in anesthetized mice.METHODS: Five groups were set up...AIM: To study whether specific anesthetic drugs or tear layer evaporation was primarily responsible for the acute cataract and what the change of lens structure is in anesthetized mice.METHODS: Five groups were set up in the experiment: Group A(topicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop+ chloral hydrate), Group B(tropicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop+sevoflurane), Group C(tropicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop), Group D(topicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop+chloral hydrate, carbomer eye drop in the right eyes), and Group E(tropicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop+sevoflurane, carbomer eye drop in the right eyes). A simple classification system was used to assess the severity of lens opacity. And a numerical value from 0 to 3 to each grade was assigned for the cataract index calculation and data analysis. The gross appearance and time course of development of lens opacity were assessed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the lens structure changes in the reversible cataract.RESULTS: Tropicamide did not induce lens opacification in mice. Lens opacity caused by inhaled sevoflurane was similar to injected cholral hydrate. Both inhaled-anestheticinduced lens opacity and injected-anesthetic-induced lens opacity could be prevented by carbomer eye drop. In the severe opacity lens, a wide range of lens fiber cell structure had disordered. The fiber cells became uneven thickness.CONCLUSION: The acute reversible lens opacity can unilaterally develop or be induced by a local cause. The structure of lens fiber cells changed in the lens opacity which may influence the permanent connection of the lens fiber cells. This study was not only of practical significance to help maintain lens transparency for eye research, but also of the deeper consideration about the reversible lens opacification phenomenon.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effects and mechanism of miR-211 in mediating the antioxidant function of lens epithelial cells affected by age-related cataracts. METHODS： Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction ...AIM： To investigate the effects and mechanism of miR-211 in mediating the antioxidant function of lens epithelial cells affected by age-related cataracts. METHODS： Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） was used to detect miR-211 expression in the anterior lens capsules of healthy people, the anterior lens capsules of patients with age-related cataracts, and human epithelial cell line （SRA01/04） cells exposed to oxidative stress. A 2＇, 7＇-dichloro-fluorescein diacetate （DCFH-DA） probe was used to measure the levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species （ROS） in human lens epithelial cells （hLECs） exposed to 400 pmol/L H2O2 for lh. SRA01/04 cells were transfected with either miR-211 mimics, mimic controls, miR-211 inhibitors or inhibitor controls. After 72h, these cells were exposed to 400 IJmollL H2O2 for lh, then p53 and Bax mRNA expression were measured using RT-qPCR. p53 and Bax protein expression were also measured by Western blotting analysis. Finally, cell viability was assessed using an MTS assay. RESULTS： Compared to the control group, expression of miR-211 in the anterior lens capsules of age-related cataract patients and in SRA01/04 cells exposed to oxidative stress was significantly increased （P〈0.001）. Levels of endogenous ROS were significantly elevated in hLECs exposed to oxidative stress （P〈0.001）. Compared to the mimic control group, the hLECs in the miR-211 mimic group expressed significantly higher levels of p53 and Bax mRNA and protein while cell viability was significantly reduced （P〈0.001）. Conversely, p53 and Bax mRNA and protein expression were significantly reduced in the miR-211 inhibitor group as compared to the control group, while the cells in this group had much higher levels of call viability （P〈0.001）. CONCLUSION： miR-211 is upregulatsd in the anterior lens capsules of age-related cataract patients, miR-211 decreased the antioxidative stress capacity of lens epithelial cells by upregulating p53 and Bax, while inhibiting cell proliferation and repair. This finding suggests that miR-211 may play a key role in the development of age-related cataracts.展开更多
Purpose To compare changes in ocular aberrations in children wearing orthokeratology(ortho-k)lenses with a back optic zone diameter(BOZD)of 6 mm(6-MM group)or 5 mm(5-MM group)and their associations with axial elonga-t...Purpose To compare changes in ocular aberrations in children wearing orthokeratology(ortho-k)lenses with a back optic zone diameter(BOZD)of 6 mm(6-MM group)or 5 mm(5-MM group)and their associations with axial elonga-tion(AE)over two years.Methods Seventy Chinese children,aged 6 to 11 years,with myopia between-4.00 to-0.75 D,were randomly allocated to 5-MM and 6-MM groups.Ocular aberrations were measured,rescaled to a 4-mm pupil,and fitted with a 6th order Zernike expansion.Measurements,including axial length,were taken prior to commencing ortho-k treat-ment and then every 6 months over two years.Results After two years,the 5-MM group displayed a smaller horizontal treatment zone(TZ)diameter(by 1.14±0.11 mm,P<0.001)and less AE(by 0.22±0.07 mm,P=0.002)compared with the 6-MM group.A greater increase in total root mean square(RMS)of higher-order aberrations(HOAs),primary spherical aberration(SA)(C_(4)^(0)),and coma were also observed in the 5-MM group at all follow-up visits.The horizontal TZ diameter was significantly associated with changes in RMS HOAs,SA(RMS,primary and secondary SA),and RMS coma.After controlling for base-line parameters,RMS HOAs,RMS SA,RMS coma,and primary(C_(4)^(0))and secondary(C_(6)^(0))SA were significantly associated With AE.Conclusions Ortho-k lenses with a smaller BOzD created a smaller horizontal TZ diameter and a significant increase in total HOAs,total SA,total coma,and primary SA and a decrease in secondary SA.Of these ocular aberrations,total HOAs,total SA,and primary SA were negatively correlated with AE over two years.展开更多
A solid immersion lens (SIL) has been applied to the writing and reading of three-dimensional optical data storage in transparent materials. Using a SIL with n=1.516 to focus a 150-fs, 800-nm Tiisapphire laser, the 5-...A solid immersion lens (SIL) has been applied to the writing and reading of three-dimensional optical data storage in transparent materials. Using a SIL with n=1.516 to focus a 150-fs, 800-nm Tiisapphire laser, the 5-layer reading and writing of data are achieved in fused silica and polyethylene methacrylate at a density of 1.1×10 2 b/cm3. Some advantages of the employment of SIL have been discussed.展开更多
It is important to predict the intensity distribution in focusing plane for designing the X-ray compound refractive lenses. On the basis of analyzing the structure of X-ray compound lenses and comparing it with Praunh...It is important to predict the intensity distribution in focusing plane for designing the X-ray compound refractive lenses. On the basis of analyzing the structure of X-ray compound lenses and comparing it with Praunhofer diffraction system, it is concluded that the X-ray focusing system can be regarded as a kind of Praunhofer diffraction system. Therefore, a method based on Fourier spectrum analysis is presented to predict the intensity distribution in the focusing plane for the X-ray lenses. A brief analysis on the relationship between the parameters of X-ray lenses and their focusing performance is also given in this paper.展开更多
Single wail carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） are known for their exceptional electronic properties. However, most of the synthesis methods lead to the production of a mixture of carbon nanotubes having different chiralities...Single wail carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） are known for their exceptional electronic properties. However, most of the synthesis methods lead to the production of a mixture of carbon nanotubes having different chiralities associated with metallic （m-SWNTs） and semiconducting （s-SWNTs） characteristics. For application purposes, effective methods for separating these species are highly desired. Here, we report a protocol for achieving a highly selective separation of s-SWNTs that exhibit a fundamental optical transition centered at 1,550 nm. We employ a polymer assisted sorting approach, and the influence of preparation methods on the optical and transport performances of the separated nanotubes is analyzed. As even traces of m-SWNTs can critically affect performances, we aim to produce samples that do not contain any detectable fraction of residual m-SWNTs.展开更多
We demonstrate a squeezing experiment exploiting the association of integrated optics and telecom technology as key features for compact, stable, and practical continuous variable quantum optics. In our setup, squeeze...We demonstrate a squeezing experiment exploiting the association of integrated optics and telecom technology as key features for compact, stable, and practical continuous variable quantum optics. In our setup, squeezed light is generated by single-pass spontaneous parametric down conversion on a lithium niobate photonic circuit and detected by a homodyne detector whose interferometric part is directly integrated on the same platform. The remaining parts of the experiment are implemented using commercial plug-and-play devices based on guided-wave technologies. We measure, for a CW pump power of 40 mW, a squeezing level of -2.00±0.05 dB (anti-squeezing 2.80 ±0.05 dB), thus confirming the validity of our approach and opening the way toward miniaturized and easy-to-handle continuous variable-based quantum systems.展开更多
Internet of Things(IoT)refers to the infrastructures that connect smart devices to the Internet,operating autonomously.This connectivitymakes it possible to harvest vast quantities of data,creating new opportunities f...Internet of Things(IoT)refers to the infrastructures that connect smart devices to the Internet,operating autonomously.This connectivitymakes it possible to harvest vast quantities of data,creating new opportunities for the emergence of unprecedented knowledge.To ensure IoT securit,various approaches have been implemented,such as authentication,encoding,as well as devices to guarantee data integrity and availability.Among these approaches,Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)is an actual security solution,whose performance can be enhanced by integrating various algorithms,including Machine Learning(ML)and Deep Learning(DL),enabling proactive and accurate detection of threats.This study proposes to optimize the performance of network IDS using an ensemble learning method based on a voting classification algorithm.By combining the strengths of three powerful algorithms,Random Forest(RF),K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),and Support Vector Machine(SVM)to detect both normal behavior and different categories of attack.Our analysis focuses primarily on the NSL-KDD dataset,while also integrating the recent Edge-IIoT dataset,tailored to industrial IoT environments.Experimental results show significant enhancements on the Edge-IIoT and NSL-KDD datasets,reaching accuracy levels between 72%to 99%,with precision between 87%and 99%,while recall values and F1-scores are also between 72%and 99%,for both normal and attack detection.Despite the promising results of this study,it suffers from certain limitations,notably the use of specific datasets and the lack of evaluations in a variety of environments.Future work could include applying this model to various datasets and evaluating more advanced ensemble strategies,with the aim of further enhancing the effectiveness of IDS.展开更多
The Brief Interactive Optimism Scale (BIOS-G), recently published, was developed to measure optimism based on the interactive personality styles theory in the general population of Mexican adults. It has been validate...The Brief Interactive Optimism Scale (BIOS-G), recently published, was developed to measure optimism based on the interactive personality styles theory in the general population of Mexican adults. It has been validated in both the general population in Mexico and other Latin American countries. This study aims to further consolidate the validity of the BIOS-G in a specific population. The objectives are to assess the psychometric properties of its items, validate its unidimensional structure, describe its distribution, verify its internal consistency, and examine its direct relationship with affective balance and positive affect, as well as its inverse relationship with emotional exhaustion and negative affect among Mexican university teachers. The BIOS-G, the CESQT emotional exhaustion subscale, and Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) were administered to a non-probability sample of 213 Mexican university teachers. All items demonstrated discriminative power and internal consistency. The scale showed internal consistency (Green-Yang ordinal ω = 0.74 and McDonald ordinal ω = 0.88). The one-factor model presented good to acceptable fit to the data, with an average variance extracted of 0.65. Its distribution was negatively skewed and mesokurtic. The BIOS-G correlated directly with SPANE’s affective balance and positive emotional experiences and inversely with negative emotional experiences and emotional exhaustion, with moderate strengths of association. Its mean score was higher in men than in women and correlated positively with age. It is concluded that the BIOS-G demonstrates internal consistency and validity evidence among Mexican university teachers, and its use in this specific population is recommended.展开更多
文摘AIM: To conduct a Meta-analysis pooling randomized controlled trials(RCTs) to compare hydrophobic with hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses in terms of posterior capsule opacification(PCO) development.METHODS: Electronic databases including PubMed,Embase, and the Cochrane Library were queried from their starting till January 2020. RCTs investigating the impact of hydrophobic versus hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses on PCO were considered eligible in this study. The pooled effect estimates were calculated using the random-effects model.RESULTS: Thirteen RCTs comprising of 939 patients(1263 eyes) were covered in this study. Patients with hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses had a lower PCO score than those with a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses [standard mean difference:-1.80;95% confidence interval(CI):-2.62 to-0.98;P<0.001]. Moreover, the frequency of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)capsulotomy in patients with hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses was significantly lower than patients with hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses(relative risk: 0.38;95%CI: 0.20-0.71;P=0.003).CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses are superior to hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses in patients after cataract surgery due to lower PCO score and reduced Nd:YAG capsulotomy. While similar studies are conducted by other researchers, the present study conducted subgroup analyses that show superior results with hydrophobic lenses in trials conducted in western countries.
文摘·AIM:To evaluate the distance vision of Chinese patients with cataracts and corneal astigmatism after implantation of bilateral AcrySof toric intraocular lens (IOL) versus bilateral AcrySof spherical IOL.·METHODS:This study randomized 60 patients into equal groups to receive toric IOL or spherical IOL.IOL powers targeting emmetropia were selected for 93% of toric IOL patients and for 90% of spherical IOL patients.Assessments included monocular and binocular distance vision,with and without best correction.Patients also completed surveys about their distance vision.·RESULTS:Preoperatively,the two study groups were similar in age,in distance visual acuity,and in the magnitude of corneal astigmatism.At 6 months postoperative,binocular uncorrected distance vision was 0.06?à0.14 logMAR in the AcrySof toric IOL group,significantly better than the 0.14?à0.11 logMAR in the spherical IOL group (P<0.05).For eyes with emmetropia as a target,the equivalent of 20/20 uncorrected vision was more likely (P<0.001) in the toric IOL group (36% of eyes) than in the spherical IOL group (4% of eyes).No patients in the emmetropia/toric IOL group used distance glasses,as compared to 52% of patients in the emmetropia/spherical IOL group.All patients were satisfied or highly satisfied.Quality of distance vision was rated higher by toric IOL patients than by spherical IOL patients (P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:Bilateral AcrySof toric IOL is superior to bilateral spherical IOL in providing uncorrected distance vision to cataract patients with corneal astigmatism.·
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81170836, No.81570838)
文摘AIM: To explore the effects of IκBα SUMOylation and NF-κB p65 deacetylation on NF-κB p65 activity induced by high glucose in cultured human lens epithelial cells(HLECs).METHODS: HLECs(SRA01/04) were cultured with 5.5, 25, and 50 mmol/L glucose media for 24 h, and with 50 mmol/L glucose media for 0, 12, and 24 h respectively. SUMO1 and SIRT1 expressions were detected by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot(WB). IκBα and NF-κB p65 expressions were detected by WB. With NAC, DTT, MG132 or Resveratrol(RSV) treatment, SUMO1 and SIRT1 expressions were detected by WB. Protein expression localizations were examined by immunofluorescence and co-immunofluorescence. The effects of SUMO1 or SIRT1 overexpression, as well as MG132 and RSV, on the nuclear expression and activity of IκBα and NF-κB p65 were analyzed by immunoblot and dual luciferase reporter gene assay.RESULTS: SUMO1 and SIRT1 expressions were influenced by high glucose in mRNA and protein levels, which could be blocked by NAC or DTT. SUMO1 was down-regulated by using MG132, and SIRT1 was up-regulated under RSV treatment. IκBα nuclear expression was attenuated and NF-κB p65 was opposite under high glucose, while IκBα and NF-κB p65 location was transferred to the nucleus. SUMO1 or SIRT1 overexpression and MG132 or RSV treatment affected the nuclear expression and activity of IκBα and NF-κB p65 under high glucose condition.CONCLUSION: IκBα SUMOylation and NF-κB p65 deacetylation affect NF-κB p65 activity in cultured HLECs under high glucose, and presumably play a significant role in controlling diabetic cataract.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (No. 81100654)
文摘AIM： To design and investigate the efficacy of a modified nanostructured lipid carrier loaded with genistein（Gen-NLC） to inhibit human lens epithelial cells（HLECs） proliferation.·METHODS： Gen-NLC was made by melt emulsification method. The morphology, particle size（PS）, zeta potentials（ZP）, encapsulation efficiency（EE） and in vitro release were characterized. The inhibition effect of nanostructured lipid carrier（NLC）, genistein（Gen） and Gen-NLC on HLECs proliferation was evaluated by cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） assay, gene and protein expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 were evaluated with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-q PCR） and immunofluorescence analyses.·RESULTS： The mean PS of Gen-NLC was 80.12±1.55 nm with a mean polydispersity index of 0.11±0.02. The mean ZP was-7.14 ±0.38 m V and the EE of Gen in the nanoparticles was 92.3% ±0.73%. Transmission electron microscopy showed that Gen-NLC displayed spherical-shaped particles covered by an outer-layer structure. In vitro release experiments demonstrated a prolonged drug release for 72 h. The CCK-8 assay results showed the NLC had no inhibitory effect on HLECs and Gen-NLC displayed a much more prominent inhibitory effect on cellular growth compared to Gen of the same concentration. The m RNA and protein expression of Ki67 in LECs decreased significantly in Gen-NLC group.·CONCLUSION： Sustained drug release by Gen-NLCs may impede HLEC growth.
文摘AIM： To evaluate human lens epithelium cell apoptosis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition （EMT） induced by femtosecond laser in femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery （FLACS）. METHODS： Sixty cataract patients with N2 to N3 stage according to the LOCS III were enrolled in this study and divided into three groups randomly： FLACSl group （cataract surgery by FLACS with LenSx）, FLACS2 group （cataract surgery by FLACS with LensAR） and manual group （cataract surgery by phacoemulsification）. Patients in two FLACS groups performed anterior capsulotomy by LenSx or LensAR laser system. Patients in the manual group were performed continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis （CCC） manually. The anterior capsules were fixed right after moved out of eye. Hematoxylin-eosine staining, immunofluorescence staining and real-time PCR were performed in order to observe human lens epithelium cells changes after cataract surgery. RESULTS： The capsule cutting edge was shown irregularity and roughness in two FLACS groups and smooth edge in manual capsulotomy by pathologic staining. Irregularities of the cell configuration with partly swollen and destroyed nuclei were observed in two FLACS groups. Femtosecond laser could induce a significantly higher cell apoptosis in human lens epithelium cell than manually performed CCC （P〈0.05）. Lens epithelium cells apoptosis were correlated with femtosecond laser duration according to Pearson correlation analysis. Decreased N-cadherin expression, alpha-SMA and FSP-1 level in two FLACS groups showed the inhibition of cell EMT. CONCLUSION： Femtosecond laser may affect the apoptosis and EMT of lens epithelium cells which are under the peeled central lens capsule.
基金Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China (No. 2011225014)
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of Msx2 on lens epithelium cell cycle, and evaluate the changes of the proliferation, apoptosis of lens epithelium cells. METHODS: Mice lens epithelium cells were cultured and transfected with pEGFP-Msx2 and control. Msx2-deficient mice (Msx2(-/-)) lens tissue were isolated. Lens tissue and transfected cells were prepared for mRNA extraction using Trizol reagent. CyclinD1 and Prox1 expression were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. BrdU incorporation and apoptosis rate were investigated by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: After transfected with pEGFP-Msx2, lens epithelium cells failed to incorporate BrdU and anti - phospho-histone-3 immunofluorescence failed to detect cell nuclei which GFP were positive. Msx2 over expression resulted in increasing apoptosis rate in lens epithelium cells. CyclinD1 and Prox1 expression increased significantly in Msx2 knockout mice by real time RT-PCR quantization and CyclinD1 expression decreased significantly in Msx2overexpressed cell. CONCLUSION: Msx2 has the effect of inhibiting proliferation and differentiation, triggering apoptosis on mice lens epithelium cells.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81170836No.81570838)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(No.2015020474)the Liaoning Provincial Hospital Program for Building Treatment Capacity in Key Clinical Departments(No.LNCCC-D15-2015)
文摘AIM： To detect the expression of miR-211 in age-related cataract tissue, explore the effects of miR-211 on lens epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis, and identify its target gene.METHODS： This study used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-q PCR） to measure the expression of miR-211 and its predicted target gene [silent matingtype information regulation 2 homolog 1（SIRT1）] in 46 anterior lens capsules collected from age-related cataract patients. Human lens epithelial cell line（SRA01/04） cells were transfected with either miR-211 mimics, mimic controls, miR-211 inhibitors or inhibitor controls, 72 h after transfection, miR NA and protein expression of SIRT1 were measured using RT-qP CR and Western blotting; then cells were exposed to 200 μmol/L H2O2 for 1h, whereupon cell viability was measured by MTS assay, caspase-3 assay was performed. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the relationship between miR-211 of SIRT1.RESULTS： Compared to the control group, expression of miR-211 was significantly increased（P〈0.001）, the miR NA and protein expression of SIRT1 were significantly decreased（P〈0.001） in the anterior lens capsules of patients with age-related cataracts. Relative to the control group, SIRT1 miR NA and protein levels in the miR-211 mimic group were significantly reduced, cell proliferation activity significantly decreased, and caspase-3 activity was significantly increased（P〈0.001）. In the miR-211 inhibitor group, SIRT1 miRNA and protein expression were significantly increased, cell proliferation activity significantly increased, and caspase-3 activity was significantly decreased（P〈0.001）. A dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that SIRT1 is a direct target of miR-211.CONCLUSION： miR-211 is highly expressed in the anterior lens capsules of patients with age-related cataracts. By negatively regulating the expression of SIRT1, miR-211 promotes lens epithelial cell apoptosis and inhibits lens epithelial cell proliferation.
文摘AIM： To compare the results of 25 MHz and 50 MHz ultrasound biomicroscopy（UBM） regarding the image characteristics of the lens and its related diseases and to discuss the application value of 25 MHz UBM in ophthalmology. METHODS： A total of 302 patients（455 eyes） were included in this study from November 2014 to May 2015. Patient ages ranged from 5 to 89 y（mean±SD： 61.0±17.7 y）. Different cross-sectional images of the lens were collected to compare and analyze the image characteristics and anterior segment parameters using 25 MHz and 50 MHz UBM in axial and longitudinal scanning modes, respectively. SPSS 19.0 for Windows, paired t-tests and B＆A plot analysis were used for data analysis, and a value of P〈0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS： The 25 MHz UBM images displayed the lens shape more clearly than 50 MHz UBM images. Particularly for cataracts, the whole opacity of the lens was shown by 25 MHz UBM, but 50 MHz UBM only showed part of the lens. The means of the anterior segment parameters obtained using 25 MHz and 50 MHz UBM were as follows： central corneal thickness： 0.55±0.03 and 0.51±0.04 mm, respectively; central anterior chamber depth： 2.48±0.54 and 2.56±0.56 mm, respectively; and central lens thickness： 4.26±0.62 and 4.15±0.56 mm, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between the results obtained with 25 MHz UBM and those obtained with 50 MHz UBM. The two devices had a good agreement in measuring the anterior segment parameters. CONCLUSION： The 25 MHz UBM had an obvious advantage in showing the lens shape. It can provide reliable imaging of the lens and its related diseases and has a high application value for ophthalmology.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81470617 No.81270988+2 种基金 No.81371003)Youth Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81600717)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.201602851)
文摘AIM: To study whether specific anesthetic drugs or tear layer evaporation was primarily responsible for the acute cataract and what the change of lens structure is in anesthetized mice.METHODS: Five groups were set up in the experiment: Group A(topicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop+ chloral hydrate), Group B(tropicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop+sevoflurane), Group C(tropicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop), Group D(topicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop+chloral hydrate, carbomer eye drop in the right eyes), and Group E(tropicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop+sevoflurane, carbomer eye drop in the right eyes). A simple classification system was used to assess the severity of lens opacity. And a numerical value from 0 to 3 to each grade was assigned for the cataract index calculation and data analysis. The gross appearance and time course of development of lens opacity were assessed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the lens structure changes in the reversible cataract.RESULTS: Tropicamide did not induce lens opacification in mice. Lens opacity caused by inhaled sevoflurane was similar to injected cholral hydrate. Both inhaled-anestheticinduced lens opacity and injected-anesthetic-induced lens opacity could be prevented by carbomer eye drop. In the severe opacity lens, a wide range of lens fiber cell structure had disordered. The fiber cells became uneven thickness.CONCLUSION: The acute reversible lens opacity can unilaterally develop or be induced by a local cause. The structure of lens fiber cells changed in the lens opacity which may influence the permanent connection of the lens fiber cells. This study was not only of practical significance to help maintain lens transparency for eye research, but also of the deeper consideration about the reversible lens opacification phenomenon.
文摘AIM： To investigate the effects and mechanism of miR-211 in mediating the antioxidant function of lens epithelial cells affected by age-related cataracts. METHODS： Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） was used to detect miR-211 expression in the anterior lens capsules of healthy people, the anterior lens capsules of patients with age-related cataracts, and human epithelial cell line （SRA01/04） cells exposed to oxidative stress. A 2＇, 7＇-dichloro-fluorescein diacetate （DCFH-DA） probe was used to measure the levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species （ROS） in human lens epithelial cells （hLECs） exposed to 400 pmol/L H2O2 for lh. SRA01/04 cells were transfected with either miR-211 mimics, mimic controls, miR-211 inhibitors or inhibitor controls. After 72h, these cells were exposed to 400 IJmollL H2O2 for lh, then p53 and Bax mRNA expression were measured using RT-qPCR. p53 and Bax protein expression were also measured by Western blotting analysis. Finally, cell viability was assessed using an MTS assay. RESULTS： Compared to the control group, expression of miR-211 in the anterior lens capsules of age-related cataract patients and in SRA01/04 cells exposed to oxidative stress was significantly increased （P〈0.001）. Levels of endogenous ROS were significantly elevated in hLECs exposed to oxidative stress （P〈0.001）. Compared to the mimic control group, the hLECs in the miR-211 mimic group expressed significantly higher levels of p53 and Bax mRNA and protein while cell viability was significantly reduced （P〈0.001）. Conversely, p53 and Bax mRNA and protein expression were significantly reduced in the miR-211 inhibitor group as compared to the control group, while the cells in this group had much higher levels of call viability （P〈0.001）. CONCLUSION： miR-211 is upregulatsd in the anterior lens capsules of age-related cataract patients, miR-211 decreased the antioxidative stress capacity of lens epithelial cells by upregulating p53 and Bax, while inhibiting cell proliferation and repair. This finding suggests that miR-211 may play a key role in the development of age-related cataracts.
文摘Purpose To compare changes in ocular aberrations in children wearing orthokeratology(ortho-k)lenses with a back optic zone diameter(BOZD)of 6 mm(6-MM group)or 5 mm(5-MM group)and their associations with axial elonga-tion(AE)over two years.Methods Seventy Chinese children,aged 6 to 11 years,with myopia between-4.00 to-0.75 D,were randomly allocated to 5-MM and 6-MM groups.Ocular aberrations were measured,rescaled to a 4-mm pupil,and fitted with a 6th order Zernike expansion.Measurements,including axial length,were taken prior to commencing ortho-k treat-ment and then every 6 months over two years.Results After two years,the 5-MM group displayed a smaller horizontal treatment zone(TZ)diameter(by 1.14±0.11 mm,P<0.001)and less AE(by 0.22±0.07 mm,P=0.002)compared with the 6-MM group.A greater increase in total root mean square(RMS)of higher-order aberrations(HOAs),primary spherical aberration(SA)(C_(4)^(0)),and coma were also observed in the 5-MM group at all follow-up visits.The horizontal TZ diameter was significantly associated with changes in RMS HOAs,SA(RMS,primary and secondary SA),and RMS coma.After controlling for base-line parameters,RMS HOAs,RMS SA,RMS coma,and primary(C_(4)^(0))and secondary(C_(6)^(0))SA were significantly associated With AE.Conclusions Ortho-k lenses with a smaller BOzD created a smaller horizontal TZ diameter and a significant increase in total HOAs,total SA,total coma,and primary SA and a decrease in secondary SA.Of these ocular aberrations,total HOAs,total SA,and primary SA were negatively correlated with AE over two years.
基金This work was supported by the Innovation Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No. 40001043.
文摘A solid immersion lens (SIL) has been applied to the writing and reading of three-dimensional optical data storage in transparent materials. Using a SIL with n=1.516 to focus a 150-fs, 800-nm Tiisapphire laser, the 5-layer reading and writing of data are achieved in fused silica and polyethylene methacrylate at a density of 1.1×10 2 b/cm3. Some advantages of the employment of SIL have been discussed.
基金This work was performed with the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10174079) the fund for the qualified researchers in Zhejiang University of Technology, P. R. China.
文摘It is important to predict the intensity distribution in focusing plane for designing the X-ray compound refractive lenses. On the basis of analyzing the structure of X-ray compound lenses and comparing it with Praunhofer diffraction system, it is concluded that the X-ray focusing system can be regarded as a kind of Praunhofer diffraction system. Therefore, a method based on Fourier spectrum analysis is presented to predict the intensity distribution in the focusing plane for the X-ray lenses. A brief analysis on the relationship between the parameters of X-ray lenses and their focusing performance is also given in this paper.
文摘Single wail carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） are known for their exceptional electronic properties. However, most of the synthesis methods lead to the production of a mixture of carbon nanotubes having different chiralities associated with metallic （m-SWNTs） and semiconducting （s-SWNTs） characteristics. For application purposes, effective methods for separating these species are highly desired. Here, we report a protocol for achieving a highly selective separation of s-SWNTs that exhibit a fundamental optical transition centered at 1,550 nm. We employ a polymer assisted sorting approach, and the influence of preparation methods on the optical and transport performances of the separated nanotubes is analyzed. As even traces of m-SWNTs can critically affect performances, we aim to produce samples that do not contain any detectable fraction of residual m-SWNTs.
基金European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)(Optimal)Agence Nationale de la Recherche(ANR)(ANR-14-CE32-0019,ANR-15-IDEX-01,ANR-17-CE30-0006-01,PN-II-ID-JRPRO-FR-2014-0013)
文摘We demonstrate a squeezing experiment exploiting the association of integrated optics and telecom technology as key features for compact, stable, and practical continuous variable quantum optics. In our setup, squeezed light is generated by single-pass spontaneous parametric down conversion on a lithium niobate photonic circuit and detected by a homodyne detector whose interferometric part is directly integrated on the same platform. The remaining parts of the experiment are implemented using commercial plug-and-play devices based on guided-wave technologies. We measure, for a CW pump power of 40 mW, a squeezing level of -2.00±0.05 dB (anti-squeezing 2.80 ±0.05 dB), thus confirming the validity of our approach and opening the way toward miniaturized and easy-to-handle continuous variable-based quantum systems.
文摘Internet of Things(IoT)refers to the infrastructures that connect smart devices to the Internet,operating autonomously.This connectivitymakes it possible to harvest vast quantities of data,creating new opportunities for the emergence of unprecedented knowledge.To ensure IoT securit,various approaches have been implemented,such as authentication,encoding,as well as devices to guarantee data integrity and availability.Among these approaches,Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)is an actual security solution,whose performance can be enhanced by integrating various algorithms,including Machine Learning(ML)and Deep Learning(DL),enabling proactive and accurate detection of threats.This study proposes to optimize the performance of network IDS using an ensemble learning method based on a voting classification algorithm.By combining the strengths of three powerful algorithms,Random Forest(RF),K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),and Support Vector Machine(SVM)to detect both normal behavior and different categories of attack.Our analysis focuses primarily on the NSL-KDD dataset,while also integrating the recent Edge-IIoT dataset,tailored to industrial IoT environments.Experimental results show significant enhancements on the Edge-IIoT and NSL-KDD datasets,reaching accuracy levels between 72%to 99%,with precision between 87%and 99%,while recall values and F1-scores are also between 72%and 99%,for both normal and attack detection.Despite the promising results of this study,it suffers from certain limitations,notably the use of specific datasets and the lack of evaluations in a variety of environments.Future work could include applying this model to various datasets and evaluating more advanced ensemble strategies,with the aim of further enhancing the effectiveness of IDS.
文摘The Brief Interactive Optimism Scale (BIOS-G), recently published, was developed to measure optimism based on the interactive personality styles theory in the general population of Mexican adults. It has been validated in both the general population in Mexico and other Latin American countries. This study aims to further consolidate the validity of the BIOS-G in a specific population. The objectives are to assess the psychometric properties of its items, validate its unidimensional structure, describe its distribution, verify its internal consistency, and examine its direct relationship with affective balance and positive affect, as well as its inverse relationship with emotional exhaustion and negative affect among Mexican university teachers. The BIOS-G, the CESQT emotional exhaustion subscale, and Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) were administered to a non-probability sample of 213 Mexican university teachers. All items demonstrated discriminative power and internal consistency. The scale showed internal consistency (Green-Yang ordinal ω = 0.74 and McDonald ordinal ω = 0.88). The one-factor model presented good to acceptable fit to the data, with an average variance extracted of 0.65. Its distribution was negatively skewed and mesokurtic. The BIOS-G correlated directly with SPANE’s affective balance and positive emotional experiences and inversely with negative emotional experiences and emotional exhaustion, with moderate strengths of association. Its mean score was higher in men than in women and correlated positively with age. It is concluded that the BIOS-G demonstrates internal consistency and validity evidence among Mexican university teachers, and its use in this specific population is recommended.
