Background Pediatric cancer survivors are at increased risk of muscle weakness and low areal bone mineral density(aBMD).However,the prevalence of muscle strength deficits is not well documented,and the associations of...Background Pediatric cancer survivors are at increased risk of muscle weakness and low areal bone mineral density(aBMD).However,the prevalence of muscle strength deficits is not well documented,and the associations of muscle strength with aBMD are unknown in this population.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of upper-and lower-body muscle strength deficits and to examine the associations of upper-and lower-body muscle strength with age-,sex,and race-specific aBMD Z-scores at the total body,total hip,femoral neck,and lumbar spine.Methods This cross-sectional study included 116 pediatric cancer survivors(12.1±3.3 years old,mean±SD;42.2%female).Upper-and lower-body muscle strength were assessed by handgrip and standing long jump test,respectively.Dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry was used to measure aBMD(g/cm2).Associations between muscle strength and aBMD were evaluated in multivariable linear regression models.Logistic regression was used to evaluate the contribution of muscle strength(1-decile lower)to the odds of having low aBMD(Z-score≤1.0).All analyses were adjusted for time from treatment completion,radiotherapy exposure,and body mass index.Results More than one-half of survivors were within the 2 lowest deciles for upper-(56.9%)and lower-body muscle strength(60.0%)in comparison to age-and sex-specific reference values.Muscle strength deficits were associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites(B=0.133–0.258,p=0.001–0.032).Each 1-decile lower in upper-body muscle strength was associated with 30%–95%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at all sites.Each 1-decile lower in lower-body muscle strength was associated with 35%–70%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at total body,total hip,and femoral neck.Conclusion Muscle strength deficits are prevalent in young pediatric cancer survivors,and such deficits are associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites.These results suggest that interventions designed to improve muscle strength in this vulnerable population may have the added benefit of improving aBMD.展开更多
COVID-19,a disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-Co V-2,has produced a serious emergency for global public health,placing enormous stress on national health systems in many countries.Several studies suggest tha...COVID-19,a disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-Co V-2,has produced a serious emergency for global public health,placing enormous stress on national health systems in many countries.Several studies suggest that cytokine storms(interleukins)may play an important role in severe cases of COVID-19.Neutralizing key inflammatory factors in cytokine release syndrome(CRS)could therefore be of great value in reducing the mortality rate.Tocilizumab(TCZ)in its intravenous(IV)form of administration-Ro Actemra?20 mg/m L(Roche)-is indicated for treatment of severe CRS patients.Preliminary investigations have concluded that inhibition of IL-6 with TCZ appears to be efficacious and safe,with several ongoing clinical trials.This has led to a huge increase in demand for IV TCZ for treating severe COVID-19 patients in hospitals,which has resulted in drug shortages.Here,we present a comparability study assessing the main critical physicochemical attributes of TCZ solutions used for infusion,at 6 mg/m L and 4 mg/m L,prepared from Ro Actemra?20 mg/m L(IV form)and from Ro Actemra?162 mg(0.9 m L solution pre-filled syringe,subcutaneous(SC)form),to evaluate the use of the latter for preparing clinical solutions required for IV administration,so that in a situation of shortage of the IV medicine,the SC form could be used to prepare the solutions for IV delivery of TCZ.It is important to remember that during the current pandemic all the medicines are used off-label,since none of them has yet been approved for the treatment of COVID-19.展开更多
With the size of the biopharmaceutical market exponentially increasing,there is an aligned growth in the importance of data-rich analyses,not only to assess drug product safety but also to assist drug development driv...With the size of the biopharmaceutical market exponentially increasing,there is an aligned growth in the importance of data-rich analyses,not only to assess drug product safety but also to assist drug development driven by the deeper understanding of structure/function relationships.In monoclonal antibodies,many functions are regulated by N-glycans present in the constant region of the heavy chains and their mechanisms of action are not completely known.The importance of their function focuses analytical research efforts on the development of robust,accurate and fast methods to support drug development and quality control.Released N-glycan analysis is considered as the gold standard for glycosylation characterisation;however,it is not the only method for quantitative analysis of glycoform heterogeneity.In this study,ten different analytical workflows for N-glycan analysis were compared using four monoclonal antibodies.While observing good comparability between the quantitative results generated,it was possible to appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of each technique and to summarise all the observations to guide the choice of the most appropriate analytical workflow according to application and the desired depth of data generated.展开更多
Hollow conduits of natural or synthetic origins have shown acceptable regeneration results in short nerve gap repair;however,results are still not comparable with the current gold standard technique“autografts”.Holl...Hollow conduits of natural or synthetic origins have shown acceptable regeneration results in short nerve gap repair;however,results are still not comparable with the current gold standard technique“autografts”.Hollow conduits do not provide a successful regeneration outcome when it comes to critical nerve gap repair.Enriching the lumen of conduits with different extracellular materials and cells could provide a better biomimicry of the natural nerve regenerating environment and is expected to ameliorate the conduit performance.In this study,we evaluated nerve regeneration in vivo using hollow chitosan conduits or conduits enriched with fibrin-collagen hydrogels alone or with the further addition of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a 15 mm rat sciatic nerve transection model.Unexpected changes in the hydrogel consistency and structural stability in vivo led to a failure of nerve regeneration after 15 weeks.Nevertheless,the molecular assessment in the early regeneration phase(7,14,and 28 days)has shown an upregulation of useful regenerative genes in hydrogel enriched conduits compared with the hollow ones.Hydrogels composed of fibrin-collagen were able to upregulate the expression of soluble NRG1,a growth factor that plays an important role in Schwann cell transdifferentiation.The further enrichment with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells has led to the upregulation of other important genes such as ErbB2,VEGF-A,BDNF,c-Jun,and ATF3.展开更多
IBS Pap er Per for manc e Group（以下简称I B S）是一家在制浆造纸领域全球闻名的工程公司,有着50多年行业和产品的经验,业务遍及世界各地。其核心业务是设计和制造高性能系统解决方案和优质的产品,提供集成系统的结合和创新系统解...IBS Pap er Per for manc e Group（以下简称I B S）是一家在制浆造纸领域全球闻名的工程公司,有着50多年行业和产品的经验,业务遍及世界各地。其核心业务是设计和制造高性能系统解决方案和优质的产品,提供集成系统的结合和创新系统解决方案。目前IBS拥有八个强势品牌,15家子公司,50位服务工程师,30位研发/设计工程师,20位应用工程师/造纸专家,650位雇员。展开更多
IB国际教育（Education for InternationaJ）是指世界各国在国际社会组织的倡导下，以“国际理解”为教育理念而开展的教育活动。IB国际教育中人文学科是一个非常关键的学科，对于增进不同文化背景、不同种族、不同宗教信仰和不同区域...IB国际教育（Education for InternationaJ）是指世界各国在国际社会组织的倡导下，以“国际理解”为教育理念而开展的教育活动。IB国际教育中人文学科是一个非常关键的学科，对于增进不同文化背景、不同种族、不同宗教信仰和不同区域、国家、地区的人们之间相互了解和相互宽容，加强其相互合作，以便共同认识和处理全球社会存在的重大共同问题非常重要。展开更多
This is a report of a nonrandomized comparison of treatment results of 139 patients with stage IB, HA and proximal IIB carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated by radiation alone and 113 treated with a combination of r...This is a report of a nonrandomized comparison of treatment results of 139 patients with stage IB, HA and proximal IIB carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated by radiation alone and 113 treated with a combination of radiation and surgery. The five-year tumor free acturial survival for the patients with stage IB either with irradiation alone (RT) or combined with surgery (RS) was approximately 87%. For stage Ⅱ the tumor free actuarial five-year survival 79% with patients of RS, and 76% with RT. In the 113 patients treated with RS there were 18 (16%). In the 139 patients treated by RT there were 18 (13%) recurrences of pelvic, 4 local recurrences, 11 combined with parametrial, and free parametrial recurrences. There was no significant difference in the survival and recurrence rate of the patients treated with either method. Major complications were comparable in both groups (RT approximately 25% and RS approximately 10%), but 2/3 of those complications recovered without sequelae. The most frequent minor complication in the patients treated with RT was rectosigmoiditis.展开更多
Cetuximab （CTX） is a potent chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody （mAb） approved worldwide for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Among the various biological and physical analyses per- formed for full ...Cetuximab （CTX） is a potent chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody （mAb） approved worldwide for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Among the various biological and physical analyses per- formed for full study on this biopharmaceutic, the determination of the concentration preparations throughout manufacturing and subsequent handling in hospital is particularly relevant. In the present work, the study and validation of a method for quantifying intact CTX by reverse-phase high-perfor- mance liquid chromatography with diode array detection （（RP）HPLC/DAD） is presented. With that end, we checked the performance of a chromatographic method for quantifying CTX and conducted a study to validate the method as stability-indicating in accordance with the International Conference on Harmo- nization guidelines （ICH） for biotechnological drugs; therefore, we evaluated linearity, accuracy, preci- sion, detection and quantification limits, robustness and system suitability. The specificity of the method and the robustness of the mAb formulation against external stress factors were estimated by compre- hensive chromatographic analysis by subjecting CTX to several informative stress conditions. As de- monstrated, the method is rapid, accurate, and reproducible for CTX quantification. It was also suc- cessfully used to quantify CTX in a long-term stability study performed under hospital conditions.展开更多
In support of conservation of its fragile land resource, the government of Rwanda has proposed the management of all forests in the country under a specific management plan. This assignment sought to develop a managem...In support of conservation of its fragile land resource, the government of Rwanda has proposed the management of all forests in the country under a specific management plan. This assignment sought to develop a management plan for the public productive forests of Gatsibo District in Eastern province of Rwanda. Data was collected from 1468 plots, proportionally allocated by size to the 375 forest stands. Information about the forest (qualitative data) was recorded and then forest measurements (inventory) done in a concentric cycle of 9.77 m and 3.99 m radius and all data recorded in a digital format using the survey CTO platform. The data was summarized and analyzed in a harmonized forest management tool for Rwanda comprising of six interlinked excel files based on Rwanda’s silvicultural regimes and treatments. This analysis resulted to planning for silvicultural activities in each forest up to the year 2070. Results show that the public plantation forests of Gatsibo are poorly stocked mainly due to poor management and the best stocked forest had a basal area of only 13.3 m2/ha. This implied low forest volumes for each of the wood requirements;timber wood, service wood and energy wood. Eucalyptus forests are the most common but are poorly stocked compared to the Pinus patula forests which are even aged by plantation. A projection of stocks shows that the forests can be sustained with an average wood volume of 73 m3/ha, to provide harvests yearly and reduce the wood supply and demand gap in the district. A viability analysis indicates that some forests are viable for leasing with good profits in the short term (10 years) and full term planning (40 years). However, some forests may not be commercially viable due to their current stocks and agro bioclimatic conditions, and these would be rehabilitated for ecosystem services. This plan supports the restoration of the forests of Gatsibo district through provision of specific guidelines for the management of the forests.展开更多
Correlations will be presented to describe liquid hold up, loading and flooding capacity, volumetric mass transfer coefficients on liquid and gas or vapour phase and the pressure drop as a basis for computing packed c...Correlations will be presented to describe liquid hold up, loading and flooding capacity, volumetric mass transfer coefficients on liquid and gas or vapour phase and the pressure drop as a basis for computing packed columns, dumped and regular as well, including the influence of end effects on scaling. The relationships are found on a sound physical and mathematical basis and their validity were confirmed by experimental investigations of many packings; some of them were selected to be considered in this work.展开更多
Gully erosion is a disruptive phenomenon which extensively affects the Iranian territory,especially in the Northern provinces.A number of studies have been recently undertaken to study this process and to predict it o...Gully erosion is a disruptive phenomenon which extensively affects the Iranian territory,especially in the Northern provinces.A number of studies have been recently undertaken to study this process and to predict it over space and ultimately,in a broader national effort,to limit its negative effects on local communities.We focused on the Bastam watershed where 9.3%of its surface is currently affected by gullying.Machine learning algorithms are currently under the magnifying glass across the geomorphological community for their high predictive ability.However,unlike the bivariate statistical models,their structure does not provide intuitive and quantifiable measures of environmental preconditioning factors.To cope with such weakness,we interpret preconditioning causes on the basis of a bivariate approach namely,Index of Entropy.And,we performed the susceptibility mapping procedure by testing three extensions of a decision tree model namely,Alternating Decision Tree(ADTree),Naive-Bayes tree(NBTree),and Logistic Model Tree(LMT).We dichotomized the gully information over space into gully presence/absence conditions,which we further explored in their calibration and validation stages.Being the presence/absence information and associated factors identical,the resulting differences are only due to the algorithmic structures of the three models we chose.Such differences are not significant in terms of performances;in fact,the three models produce outstanding predictive AUC measures(ADTree=0.922;NBTree=0.939;LMT=0.944).However,the associated mapping results depict very different patterns where only the LMT is associated with reasonable susceptibility patterns.This is a strong indication of what model combines best performance and mapping for any natural hazard-oriented application.展开更多
Understanding the degradation phenomenon of proton exchange membrane fuel cells under electrochemical cycling requires an analysis of the porous carbon support structure.Key factors contributing to this phenomenon inc...Understanding the degradation phenomenon of proton exchange membrane fuel cells under electrochemical cycling requires an analysis of the porous carbon support structure.Key factors contributing to this phenomenon include changes in the total porosity and viable surface area for electrochemical reactions.Electron tomography-based serial section imaging using focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM)can elucidate this phenomenon at a nanoscale resolution.However,this highresolution tomographic analysis requires a huge image dataset and manual inputs in rule-based workflows;these requirements are time-consuming and often cause experimental difficulties and unreliable interpretations.We propose a deep learning-empowered approach comprising a two-step automated process for image interpolation and semantic segmentation to address the practical issues encountered in FIB-SEM electron tomography.An optimally trained interpolation model can reduce the image data requirement by more than 95%to analyze the structural degradation of carbon supports after electrochemical cycling while maintaining the reliability obtained in conventional tomographic analysis with several hundred images.Because the subsequent image segmentation model excludes a complicated manual filtering process,the relevant structural parameters can be reliably measured without human bias.Our sparse-section imaging-based deep learning process can allow cost-efficient analysis and reliable measurement of the degree of cycling-induced carbon corrosion.展开更多
Research on flexible or wearable electronics has been grown remarkably due to the advent of nanomaterials,such as metal nanowires,graphene,or transition metal dichalcogenides.Although each nanomaterial has mechanical ...Research on flexible or wearable electronics has been grown remarkably due to the advent of nanomaterials,such as metal nanowires,graphene,or transition metal dichalcogenides.Although each nanomaterial has mechanical and electrical characteristics that can be applied into flexible electronics,the limitations of each nanomaterial are also clear.In order to overcome the limitations of these nanomaterials,research on the hybrid structures of nanomaterials has been extensively conducted.In this study,we introduce the properties of one-dimensional nanomaterials,twodimensional nanomaterials,and their hybrid nanomaterials.And then,we provide information concerning various flexible electronics based on these nanomaterials.展开更多
Recently,significant efforts have been directed at overcoming the limitations of conventional rigid optoelectronic devices,particularly their poor mechanical stability under bending,folding,and stretching deformations...Recently,significant efforts have been directed at overcoming the limitations of conventional rigid optoelectronic devices,particularly their poor mechanical stability under bending,folding,and stretching deformations.One of major approaches for rendering optoelectronic devices mechanically deformable is to replace the conventional electronic/optoelectronic materials with functional nanomaterials or organic materials that are intrinsically flexible/stretchable.Further,advanced device designs and unconventional fabrication methods have also contributed to the development of soft optoelectronic devices.Accordingly,new devices such as bio-inspired curved image sensors,wearable light emitting devices,and deformable bio-integrated optoelectronic devices have been developed.In this review,recent progress in the development of soft optoelectronic materials and devices is outlined.First,various materials such as nanomaterials,organic materials,and their hybrids that are suitable for developing deformable photodetectors,are presented.Then,the nanomaterials and organic/polymeric materials that are applicable in deformable light-emitting diodes are described.Finally,representative system-level applications of flexible and stretchable photodetectors and light-emitting diodes are reviewed,and future prospects are discussed.展开更多
基金support by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(Ref:PID2020-117302RA-I00)La Caixa Foundation(Ref:LCF/BQ/PR19/11700007)+3 种基金the University of Granada Plan Propio de Investigación 2021-Excellence actions:Unit of Excellence on Exercise,Nutrition,and Health(UCEENS)and by CIBEROBN,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red(CB22/3/00058)Instituto de Salud Carlos III,Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Unión Europea-European Regional Development FundAMP was also recipient of a predoctoral fellowship(FPU20/05530)by the Spanish Ministry of Education,Culture and SportEUG was supported by the Maria Zambrano fellowship by the Ministerio de Universidades y la Unión Europea-NextGenerationEU.
文摘Background Pediatric cancer survivors are at increased risk of muscle weakness and low areal bone mineral density(aBMD).However,the prevalence of muscle strength deficits is not well documented,and the associations of muscle strength with aBMD are unknown in this population.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of upper-and lower-body muscle strength deficits and to examine the associations of upper-and lower-body muscle strength with age-,sex,and race-specific aBMD Z-scores at the total body,total hip,femoral neck,and lumbar spine.Methods This cross-sectional study included 116 pediatric cancer survivors(12.1±3.3 years old,mean±SD;42.2%female).Upper-and lower-body muscle strength were assessed by handgrip and standing long jump test,respectively.Dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry was used to measure aBMD(g/cm2).Associations between muscle strength and aBMD were evaluated in multivariable linear regression models.Logistic regression was used to evaluate the contribution of muscle strength(1-decile lower)to the odds of having low aBMD(Z-score≤1.0).All analyses were adjusted for time from treatment completion,radiotherapy exposure,and body mass index.Results More than one-half of survivors were within the 2 lowest deciles for upper-(56.9%)and lower-body muscle strength(60.0%)in comparison to age-and sex-specific reference values.Muscle strength deficits were associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites(B=0.133–0.258,p=0.001–0.032).Each 1-decile lower in upper-body muscle strength was associated with 30%–95%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at all sites.Each 1-decile lower in lower-body muscle strength was associated with 35%–70%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at total body,total hip,and femoral neck.Conclusion Muscle strength deficits are prevalent in young pediatric cancer survivors,and such deficits are associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites.These results suggest that interventions designed to improve muscle strength in this vulnerable population may have the added benefit of improving aBMD.
基金Project FIS PI-17/00547(Instituto CarlosⅢ,Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad,Spain),which means that it was also partially supported by European Regional Development Funds(ERDF)the University of Granada(Spain)for the support。
文摘COVID-19,a disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-Co V-2,has produced a serious emergency for global public health,placing enormous stress on national health systems in many countries.Several studies suggest that cytokine storms(interleukins)may play an important role in severe cases of COVID-19.Neutralizing key inflammatory factors in cytokine release syndrome(CRS)could therefore be of great value in reducing the mortality rate.Tocilizumab(TCZ)in its intravenous(IV)form of administration-Ro Actemra?20 mg/m L(Roche)-is indicated for treatment of severe CRS patients.Preliminary investigations have concluded that inhibition of IL-6 with TCZ appears to be efficacious and safe,with several ongoing clinical trials.This has led to a huge increase in demand for IV TCZ for treating severe COVID-19 patients in hospitals,which has resulted in drug shortages.Here,we present a comparability study assessing the main critical physicochemical attributes of TCZ solutions used for infusion,at 6 mg/m L and 4 mg/m L,prepared from Ro Actemra?20 mg/m L(IV form)and from Ro Actemra?162 mg(0.9 m L solution pre-filled syringe,subcutaneous(SC)form),to evaluate the use of the latter for preparing clinical solutions required for IV administration,so that in a situation of shortage of the IV medicine,the SC form could be used to prepare the solutions for IV delivery of TCZ.It is important to remember that during the current pandemic all the medicines are used off-label,since none of them has yet been approved for the treatment of COVID-19.
文摘With the size of the biopharmaceutical market exponentially increasing,there is an aligned growth in the importance of data-rich analyses,not only to assess drug product safety but also to assist drug development driven by the deeper understanding of structure/function relationships.In monoclonal antibodies,many functions are regulated by N-glycans present in the constant region of the heavy chains and their mechanisms of action are not completely known.The importance of their function focuses analytical research efforts on the development of robust,accurate and fast methods to support drug development and quality control.Released N-glycan analysis is considered as the gold standard for glycosylation characterisation;however,it is not the only method for quantitative analysis of glycoform heterogeneity.In this study,ten different analytical workflows for N-glycan analysis were compared using four monoclonal antibodies.While observing good comparability between the quantitative results generated,it was possible to appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of each technique and to summarise all the observations to guide the choice of the most appropriate analytical workflow according to application and the desired depth of data generated.
基金funded by the Spanish “Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ),grants Nos. FIS PI14-1343, FIS PI17-0393, and FIS PI20-0318 co-financed by the “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional ERDF-FEDER European Union”grant No. P18-RT-5059 by “Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PAIDI 2020),Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades, Junta de Andalucía, España”grant No. A-CTS-498-UGR18 by “Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014–2020, Universidad de Granada, Junta de Andalucía, España”, co-funded by ERDF-FEDER, the European Union (all to VC)
文摘Hollow conduits of natural or synthetic origins have shown acceptable regeneration results in short nerve gap repair;however,results are still not comparable with the current gold standard technique“autografts”.Hollow conduits do not provide a successful regeneration outcome when it comes to critical nerve gap repair.Enriching the lumen of conduits with different extracellular materials and cells could provide a better biomimicry of the natural nerve regenerating environment and is expected to ameliorate the conduit performance.In this study,we evaluated nerve regeneration in vivo using hollow chitosan conduits or conduits enriched with fibrin-collagen hydrogels alone or with the further addition of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a 15 mm rat sciatic nerve transection model.Unexpected changes in the hydrogel consistency and structural stability in vivo led to a failure of nerve regeneration after 15 weeks.Nevertheless,the molecular assessment in the early regeneration phase(7,14,and 28 days)has shown an upregulation of useful regenerative genes in hydrogel enriched conduits compared with the hollow ones.Hydrogels composed of fibrin-collagen were able to upregulate the expression of soluble NRG1,a growth factor that plays an important role in Schwann cell transdifferentiation.The further enrichment with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells has led to the upregulation of other important genes such as ErbB2,VEGF-A,BDNF,c-Jun,and ATF3.
文摘IBS Pap er Per for manc e Group（以下简称I B S）是一家在制浆造纸领域全球闻名的工程公司,有着50多年行业和产品的经验,业务遍及世界各地。其核心业务是设计和制造高性能系统解决方案和优质的产品,提供集成系统的结合和创新系统解决方案。目前IBS拥有八个强势品牌,15家子公司,50位服务工程师,30位研发/设计工程师,20位应用工程师/造纸专家,650位雇员。
文摘IB国际教育（Education for InternationaJ）是指世界各国在国际社会组织的倡导下，以“国际理解”为教育理念而开展的教育活动。IB国际教育中人文学科是一个非常关键的学科，对于增进不同文化背景、不同种族、不同宗教信仰和不同区域、国家、地区的人们之间相互了解和相互宽容，加强其相互合作，以便共同认识和处理全球社会存在的重大共同问题非常重要。
文摘This is a report of a nonrandomized comparison of treatment results of 139 patients with stage IB, HA and proximal IIB carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated by radiation alone and 113 treated with a combination of radiation and surgery. The five-year tumor free acturial survival for the patients with stage IB either with irradiation alone (RT) or combined with surgery (RS) was approximately 87%. For stage Ⅱ the tumor free actuarial five-year survival 79% with patients of RS, and 76% with RT. In the 113 patients treated with RS there were 18 (16%). In the 139 patients treated by RT there were 18 (13%) recurrences of pelvic, 4 local recurrences, 11 combined with parametrial, and free parametrial recurrences. There was no significant difference in the survival and recurrence rate of the patients treated with either method. Major complications were comparable in both groups (RT approximately 25% and RS approximately 10%), but 2/3 of those complications recovered without sequelae. The most frequent minor complication in the patients treated with RT was rectosigmoiditis.
基金funded by Project FIS:PI10/00201 (Instituto Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain)partially supported by European Regional Development Funds (ERDF)
文摘Cetuximab （CTX） is a potent chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody （mAb） approved worldwide for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Among the various biological and physical analyses per- formed for full study on this biopharmaceutic, the determination of the concentration preparations throughout manufacturing and subsequent handling in hospital is particularly relevant. In the present work, the study and validation of a method for quantifying intact CTX by reverse-phase high-perfor- mance liquid chromatography with diode array detection （（RP）HPLC/DAD） is presented. With that end, we checked the performance of a chromatographic method for quantifying CTX and conducted a study to validate the method as stability-indicating in accordance with the International Conference on Harmo- nization guidelines （ICH） for biotechnological drugs; therefore, we evaluated linearity, accuracy, preci- sion, detection and quantification limits, robustness and system suitability. The specificity of the method and the robustness of the mAb formulation against external stress factors were estimated by compre- hensive chromatographic analysis by subjecting CTX to several informative stress conditions. As de- monstrated, the method is rapid, accurate, and reproducible for CTX quantification. It was also suc- cessfully used to quantify CTX in a long-term stability study performed under hospital conditions.
文摘In support of conservation of its fragile land resource, the government of Rwanda has proposed the management of all forests in the country under a specific management plan. This assignment sought to develop a management plan for the public productive forests of Gatsibo District in Eastern province of Rwanda. Data was collected from 1468 plots, proportionally allocated by size to the 375 forest stands. Information about the forest (qualitative data) was recorded and then forest measurements (inventory) done in a concentric cycle of 9.77 m and 3.99 m radius and all data recorded in a digital format using the survey CTO platform. The data was summarized and analyzed in a harmonized forest management tool for Rwanda comprising of six interlinked excel files based on Rwanda’s silvicultural regimes and treatments. This analysis resulted to planning for silvicultural activities in each forest up to the year 2070. Results show that the public plantation forests of Gatsibo are poorly stocked mainly due to poor management and the best stocked forest had a basal area of only 13.3 m2/ha. This implied low forest volumes for each of the wood requirements;timber wood, service wood and energy wood. Eucalyptus forests are the most common but are poorly stocked compared to the Pinus patula forests which are even aged by plantation. A projection of stocks shows that the forests can be sustained with an average wood volume of 73 m3/ha, to provide harvests yearly and reduce the wood supply and demand gap in the district. A viability analysis indicates that some forests are viable for leasing with good profits in the short term (10 years) and full term planning (40 years). However, some forests may not be commercially viable due to their current stocks and agro bioclimatic conditions, and these would be rehabilitated for ecosystem services. This plan supports the restoration of the forests of Gatsibo district through provision of specific guidelines for the management of the forests.
文摘Correlations will be presented to describe liquid hold up, loading and flooding capacity, volumetric mass transfer coefficients on liquid and gas or vapour phase and the pressure drop as a basis for computing packed columns, dumped and regular as well, including the influence of end effects on scaling. The relationships are found on a sound physical and mathematical basis and their validity were confirmed by experimental investigations of many packings; some of them were selected to be considered in this work.
文摘Gully erosion is a disruptive phenomenon which extensively affects the Iranian territory,especially in the Northern provinces.A number of studies have been recently undertaken to study this process and to predict it over space and ultimately,in a broader national effort,to limit its negative effects on local communities.We focused on the Bastam watershed where 9.3%of its surface is currently affected by gullying.Machine learning algorithms are currently under the magnifying glass across the geomorphological community for their high predictive ability.However,unlike the bivariate statistical models,their structure does not provide intuitive and quantifiable measures of environmental preconditioning factors.To cope with such weakness,we interpret preconditioning causes on the basis of a bivariate approach namely,Index of Entropy.And,we performed the susceptibility mapping procedure by testing three extensions of a decision tree model namely,Alternating Decision Tree(ADTree),Naive-Bayes tree(NBTree),and Logistic Model Tree(LMT).We dichotomized the gully information over space into gully presence/absence conditions,which we further explored in their calibration and validation stages.Being the presence/absence information and associated factors identical,the resulting differences are only due to the algorithmic structures of the three models we chose.Such differences are not significant in terms of performances;in fact,the three models produce outstanding predictive AUC measures(ADTree=0.922;NBTree=0.939;LMT=0.944).However,the associated mapping results depict very different patterns where only the LMT is associated with reasonable susceptibility patterns.This is a strong indication of what model combines best performance and mapping for any natural hazard-oriented application.
基金supported by the Technology Innovation Program(No.20011712)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energy(MOTIE,Korea)a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.2022M3J1A108538),Korea+2 种基金the support of the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(RS-2024-00444986,50%)the Institute for Basic Science(IBS-R036-D1)。
文摘Understanding the degradation phenomenon of proton exchange membrane fuel cells under electrochemical cycling requires an analysis of the porous carbon support structure.Key factors contributing to this phenomenon include changes in the total porosity and viable surface area for electrochemical reactions.Electron tomography-based serial section imaging using focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM)can elucidate this phenomenon at a nanoscale resolution.However,this highresolution tomographic analysis requires a huge image dataset and manual inputs in rule-based workflows;these requirements are time-consuming and often cause experimental difficulties and unreliable interpretations.We propose a deep learning-empowered approach comprising a two-step automated process for image interpolation and semantic segmentation to address the practical issues encountered in FIB-SEM electron tomography.An optimally trained interpolation model can reduce the image data requirement by more than 95%to analyze the structural degradation of carbon supports after electrochemical cycling while maintaining the reliability obtained in conventional tomographic analysis with several hundred images.Because the subsequent image segmentation model excludes a complicated manual filtering process,the relevant structural parameters can be reliably measured without human bias.Our sparse-section imaging-based deep learning process can allow cost-efficient analysis and reliable measurement of the degree of cycling-induced carbon corrosion.
基金Bio&Medical Technology Development Program,Grant/Award Number:2018M3A9F1021649Industrial Technology Innovation Program,Grant/Award Number:10080577+3 种基金Institute for Basic Science,Grant/Award Number:IBS-R026-D1Ministry of Science&ICT(MSIT)and the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE)of Korea through the National Research Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2016R1A5A1009926,2019R1A2B5B03069358Nano Material Technology Development Program,Grant/Award Numbers:2015M3A7B4050308,2016M3A7B4910635Research Program funded by Yonsei University,Grant/Award Number:2018-22-0194。
文摘Research on flexible or wearable electronics has been grown remarkably due to the advent of nanomaterials,such as metal nanowires,graphene,or transition metal dichalcogenides.Although each nanomaterial has mechanical and electrical characteristics that can be applied into flexible electronics,the limitations of each nanomaterial are also clear.In order to overcome the limitations of these nanomaterials,research on the hybrid structures of nanomaterials has been extensively conducted.In this study,we introduce the properties of one-dimensional nanomaterials,twodimensional nanomaterials,and their hybrid nanomaterials.And then,we provide information concerning various flexible electronics based on these nanomaterials.
基金supported by Institute for Basic Science(No.IBS-R006-A1).
文摘Recently,significant efforts have been directed at overcoming the limitations of conventional rigid optoelectronic devices,particularly their poor mechanical stability under bending,folding,and stretching deformations.One of major approaches for rendering optoelectronic devices mechanically deformable is to replace the conventional electronic/optoelectronic materials with functional nanomaterials or organic materials that are intrinsically flexible/stretchable.Further,advanced device designs and unconventional fabrication methods have also contributed to the development of soft optoelectronic devices.Accordingly,new devices such as bio-inspired curved image sensors,wearable light emitting devices,and deformable bio-integrated optoelectronic devices have been developed.In this review,recent progress in the development of soft optoelectronic materials and devices is outlined.First,various materials such as nanomaterials,organic materials,and their hybrids that are suitable for developing deformable photodetectors,are presented.Then,the nanomaterials and organic/polymeric materials that are applicable in deformable light-emitting diodes are described.Finally,representative system-level applications of flexible and stretchable photodetectors and light-emitting diodes are reviewed,and future prospects are discussed.
